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Frontiers in Plant Science 2023, commonly referred to as Chinese hickory, produces nuts that contain high-quality edible oils, particularly oleic acid (18:1). It is known that stearoyl-ACP desaturase...
, commonly referred to as Chinese hickory, produces nuts that contain high-quality edible oils, particularly oleic acid (18:1). It is known that stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) is the first key step converting stearic acid (C18:0, SA) to oleic acid (C18:1, OA) in the aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthetic pathway and play an important role in OA accumulation. Thus far, there is little information about gene family in and the role of individual members in OA accumulation. This study searched the Chinese Hickory Genome Database and identified five members of genes, designated as , at the whole genome level through the comparison with the homologous genes from . RNA-Seq analysis showed that , and were highly expressed in kernels. The expression pattern of was significantly correlated with fatty acid accumulation during the kernel development. In addition, five full-length cDNAs encoding were isolated from the developing kernel of . CcSADs-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion construct was infiltrated into tobacco epidermal cells, and results indicated their chloroplast localization. The catalytic function of these was further analyzed by heterologous expression in , , and walnut. Functional analysis demonstrated that all had fatty acid desaturase activity to catalyze oleic acid biosynthesis. Some members of also have strong substrate specificity for 16:0-ACP to synthesize palmitoleic acid (C16:1, PA). Our study documented gene family in and the role of , and in OA accumulation, which could be important for future improvement of OA content in this species via genetic manipulation.
PubMed: 37771493
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193063 -
Pharmaceutics Jan 2024Dexamethasone has a high anti-inflammatory efficacy in treating skin inflammation. However, its use is related to the rebound effect, rosacea, purple, and increased...
The Association of Oleic Acid and Dexamethasone Acetate into Nanocapsules Enables a Reduction in the Effective Corticosteroid Dose in a UVB Radiation-Induced Sunburn Model in Mice.
Dexamethasone has a high anti-inflammatory efficacy in treating skin inflammation. However, its use is related to the rebound effect, rosacea, purple, and increased blood glucose levels. Nanotechnology approaches have emerged as strategies for drug delivery due to their advantages in improving therapeutic effects. To reduce dexamethasone-related adverse effects and improve the anti-inflammatory efficacy of treatments, we developed nanocarriers containing this corticosteroid and oleic acid. Nanocapsules and nanoemulsion presented dexamethasone content close to the theoretical value and controlled dexamethasone release in an in vitro assay. Gellan gum-based hydrogels were successfully prepared to employ the nanostructured systems. A permeation study employing porcine skin showed that hydrogels containing non-nanoencapsulated dexamethasone (0.025%) plus oleic acid (3%) or oleic acid (3%) plus dexamethasone (0.025%)-loaded nanocapsules provided a higher amount of dexamethasone in the epidermis compared to non-nanoencapsulated dexamethasone (0.5%). Hydrogels containing oleic acid plus dexamethasone-loaded nanocapsules effectively inhibited mice ear edema (with inhibitions of 89.26 ± 3.77% and 85.11 ± 2.88%, respectively) and inflammatory cell infiltration (with inhibitions of 49.58 ± 4.29% and 27.60 ± 11.70%, respectively). Importantly, the dexamethasone dose employed in hydrogels containing the nanocapsules that effectively inhibited ear edema and cell infiltration was 20-fold lower (0.025%) than that of non-nanoencapsulated dexamethasone (0.5%). Additionally, no adverse effects were observed in preliminary toxicity tests. Our study suggests that nanostructured hydrogel containing a reduced effective dose of dexamethasone could be a promising therapeutic alternative to treat inflammatory disorders with reduced or absent adverse effects. Additionally, testing our formulation in a clinical study on patients with skin inflammatory diseases would be very important to validate our study.
PubMed: 38399236
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020176 -
Heliyon Apr 2024Lipid metabolism disorders have become a major global public health issue. Due to the complexity of these diseases, additional research and drugs are needed. Oroxin A,...
BACKGROUND
Lipid metabolism disorders have become a major global public health issue. Due to the complexity of these diseases, additional research and drugs are needed. Oroxin A, the major component of (L.) Kurz (Bignoniaceae), can improve the lipid profiles of diabetic and insulin-resistant (IR) rats. Because insulin resistance is strongly correlated with lipid metabolism, improving insulin resistance may also constitute an effective strategy for improving lipid metabolism. Thus, additional research on the efficacy and mechanism of oroxin An under non-IR conditions is needed.
METHODS
In this study, we established lipid metabolism disorder model rats by high-fat diet feeding and fatty HepG2 cell lines by treatment with oleic acid and evaluated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of oroxin A and through biochemical indicator analysis, pathological staining, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence staining.
RESULTS
Oroxin A improved disordered lipid metabolism under non-IR conditions, improved the plasma and hepatic lipid profiles, and enhanced the lipid-lowering action of atorvastatin. Additionally, oroxin A reduced the total triglyceride (TG) levels by inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression and reducing the expression of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) and . Oroxin A also reduced the total cholesterol (TC) levels by inhibiting SREBP2 expression and reducing HMGCR expression and . In addition, oroxin A bound to low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and increased AMPK phosphorylation.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggested that oroxin A may modulate the nuclear transcriptional activity of SREBPs by binding to LDLR proteins and increasing AMPK phosphorylation. Oroxin A may thus reduce lipid synthesis and could be used for the treatment and prevention of lipid metabolism disorders.
PubMed: 38617966
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29168 -
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... Nov 2023Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious intensive care condition. Despite advances in treatment over the previous few decades, ARDS patients still have...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious intensive care condition. Despite advances in treatment over the previous few decades, ARDS patients still have high fatality rates. Thus, more research is needed to improve the outcomes for people with ARDS. Minocycline is an antibiotic with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. In the current investigation, the therapeutic effects of minocycline on oleic acid-induced ARDS were evaluated. Male rats were classified into 6 groups, 1. control (normal saline), 2. oleic acid (100 µL, i.v.), 3-5. oleic acid + minocycline (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, i.p.), and 6. minocycline (200 mg/kg, i.p.) alone. Twenty-four hours after the oleic acid injection, the lung tissue is isolated, weighed, and the middle part of the right lung is immediately placed in the freezer, while the middle part of the left lung is placed in formalin and sent to the laboratory for pathology testing. Then, the amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), cytokines (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), and cleaved caspase-3 were determined in lung tissue. Administration of oleic acid increased emphysema, inflammation, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, MDA amount, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, IL-1β, TNF-α levels, and decreased GSH, SOD, and CAT levels in comparison with the control group. The administration of minocycline could significantly reduce pathological and biochemical alterations induced by oleic acid. Minocycline has a therapeutic effect on oleic acid-induced ARDS through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Male; Animals; Minocycline; Oleic Acid; Caspase 3; Antioxidants; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 37247013
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02532-3 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024One of the most effective strategies for modifying the surface properties of nano-fillers and enhancing their composite characteristics is through polymer grafting. In...
Epoxidized Soybean Oleic Acid/Oligomeric Poly(lactic acid)-Grafted Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Its Role as a Filler in Poly(L-lactide) for Potential Bone Fixation Application.
One of the most effective strategies for modifying the surface properties of nano-fillers and enhancing their composite characteristics is through polymer grafting. In this study, a coprecipitation method was employed to modify hydroxyapatite (HAP) with epoxidized soybean oleic acid (ESOA), resulting in ESOA-HAP. Subsequently, oligomeric poly(lactic acid) (OPLA) was grafted onto the surface of ESOA-HAP, yielding OPLA-ESOA-HAP. HAP, ESOA-HAP, and OPLA-ESOA-HAP were comprehensively characterized. The results demonstrate the progressive grafting of ESOA and OPLA onto the surface of HAP, resulting in enhanced hydrophobicity and improved dispersity in organic solvent for OPLA-ESOA-HAP compared to HAP. The vitality and adhesion of Wistar rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were assessed using HAP and modified HAP materials. Following culture with MSCs for 72 h, the OPLA-ESOA-HAP showed an inhibition rate lower than 23.0% at a relatively high concentration (1.0 mg/mL), which is three times lower compared to HAP under similar condition. The cell number for OPLA-ESOA-HAP was 4.5 times higher compared to HAP, indicating its superior biocompatibility. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the OPLA-ESOA-HAP/PLLA composite almost remained unaltered ever after undergoing two stages of thermal processing involving melt extrusion and inject molding. The increase in the biocompatibility and relatively high mechanical properties render OPLA-ESOA-HAP/PLLA a potential material for the biodegradable fixation system.
PubMed: 38893884
DOI: 10.3390/ma17112620 -
Food Chemistry Nov 2023The oleic acid/alpha-lactalbumin complex HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumors) is cytotoxic to various cancerous cell lines and is assembled from...
The oleic acid/alpha-lactalbumin complex HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumors) is cytotoxic to various cancerous cell lines and is assembled from alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) and free oleic acid (OA). HAMLET is also cytotoxic to normal immature intestinal cells. It remains unclear if HAMLET, experimentally assembled with OA and heat, can spontaneously assemble in frozen human milk over time. To approach this issue, we used a set of timed proteolytic experiments to evaluate the digestibility of HAMLET and native ALA. The purity of HAMLET in human milk was confirmed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and western blot to resolve the ALA and OA components. Timed proteolytic experiments were used to identify HAMLET in whole milk samples. Structural characterization of HAMLET was performed by Fournier transformed infrared spectroscopy and indicated a transformation of secondary structure with increased alpha-helical character of ALA upon binding to OA.
Topics: Humans; Oleic Acid; Milk, Human; Lactalbumin; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Digestion; Oleic Acids
PubMed: 37392621
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136752 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023This study aimed to investigate the effects of two types of peanuts, regular Hanoch (HN) and a new high-oleic cultivar., Hanoch-Oleic (HO), on metabolic parameters and...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of two types of peanuts, regular Hanoch (HN) and a new high-oleic cultivar., Hanoch-Oleic (HO), on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota composition. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal diet (ND) or ND supplemented with HN (NDh) or HO (NDo). Following 18 weeks of diet regimen, the NDo group exhibited reduced body weight and peri-gonadal adipose-to-body weight ratio, paralleled to lesser food consumption. Although blood levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, free fatty acids, and liver enzyme levels did not differ between groups, decreased insulin sensitivity was found in the NDh group. Within adipose tissue, the expression of lipolytic and lipogenic enzymes was higher, while those related to lipid oxidation were lower in the NDh group compared to the NDo group. Additionally, HO peanuts consumption promoted the establishment of a healthy microbiota, with an enhanced abundance of , and genera. In conclusion, the inclusion of the HO peanut cultivar., rather than the conventional peanut cultivar., in a balanced diet was related to better metabolic outcomes and was linked to a favorable microbiota profile.
PubMed: 37575334
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1205377 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2023Skeletal muscle satellite cells have the ability to differentiate into various cells under different conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different...
Skeletal muscle satellite cells have the ability to differentiate into various cells under different conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of oleic acid (50, 100, and 200 µmol/L) on the process of lipogenic transdifferentiation in Yanbian bovine satellite cells, as well as its molecular regulatory mechanism. After inducing differentiation with oleic acid for 96 h, it was observed that the addition of oleic acid resulted in the formation of lipid droplets in the bovine satellite cells, and the triglyceride content showed a dose-dependent relationship with the concentration of OA. qPCR results demonstrated a significant downregulation of myogenesis-related factors ( and ) and upregulation of lipogenesis-related factors ( and ) ( < 0.05). Fatty acid metabolism-related factors, SCD and PLIN2, were also significantly upregulated ( < 0.05). These finding were consistent with the results obtained from Western blotting. Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified 278 differentially expressed genes between the control group and the groups treated with OA. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolic pathway. Our study presents that the OA induction of Yanbian bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells can promote cellular lipid transdifferentiation and reveals the potential genes and pathways related to OA induction of these satellite cells.
PubMed: 38066969
DOI: 10.3390/ani13233618 -
Heliyon Nov 2023Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease. We have developed a Korean Red Ginseng Formula (KRGF) containing extracts of Korean Red...
OBJECTIVE
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease. We have developed a Korean Red Ginseng Formula (KRGF) containing extracts of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), Crataegus Fructus, and Cassiae Semen. In this study, our aims were to investigate the therapeutic potential and underpinning mechanisms of KRGF in NAFLD complicated by hyperlipidemia.
METHODS
In the assays, HepG2 cells were treated with KRGF for 24 h in the presence or absence of oleic acid (OA). To assess the protective effect of KRGF against NAFLD, rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were given intragastric administration for 30 days.
RESULTS
KRGF exerted protective effects against NAFLD by reducing lipid accumulation and steatosis in OA-stimulated HepG2 cells and HFD-fed rats. In HFD-fed rats, KRGF effectively decreased triglyceride levels in both blood and liver tissue and modulated the expression of key regulators of lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. KRGF downregulated the expression of lipogenesis factors, namely C/EBPα, FAS, SREBP-1c, and PPARγ, while upregulating the expression of PPARα and CPT-1, thus promoting fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, KRGF intensified the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, which are two enzymes that suppress fatty acid synthesis and promote fatty acid oxidation. KRGF effectively decreased total cholesterol (TC) levels in both blood and liver tissue, and it modulated the expression of major enzymes related to TC metabolism, namely apoB, ACAT2, CYP7A1, and HMGCR.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, KRGF mitigated NAFLD complicated by hyperlipidemia by modulating triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism, suggesting its potential for future development in the treatment of NAFLD.
PubMed: 38027623
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21846 -
Cancer Investigation Sep 2023Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal and prevalent cancers, closely associated with cirrhosis and fibrosis. This study aimed to assess the antitumor...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal and prevalent cancers, closely associated with cirrhosis and fibrosis. This study aimed to assess the antitumor activity of oleic acid-liposomes (uncoated liposomes) upon coating with albumin against HCC. The studies revealed the high safety of the prepared uncoated and albumin-coated liposomes to normal HFB-4 cells (EC of 35.57 ± 0.17 and 79.133 ± 2.92 µM, respectively) with significant anticancer activity against HepG-2 cells with IC of 56.29 ± 0.91 and 26.74 ± 0.64 µM, respectively. The albumin-coated liposomes revealed superior apoptosis induction potential (80.7%) with significant upregulation of p53 gene expression (7.0-fold), compared to OA. The study revealed that the administration of uncoated or albumin-coated liposomes (100 mg/kg) for six weeks markedly retarded the DENA-induced HCC in Wistar albino rates through regulating the liver enzymes, total bilirubin level, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. Accordingly, the current study supports the and chemo-preventive feature of albumin-coated liposomes against HCC through modulation of apoptosis, improvement of the immune response, reduction of inflammation, and restoration of impaired oxidative stress, which is the first reported to the best of our knowledge.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liposomes; Liver Neoplasms; Oleic Acid; Albumins
PubMed: 37486094
DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2023.2241083