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Cancer Discovery Dec 2023This article presents a review of recent major advances in precision oncology and the future implications of these advances, specifying the iterative progress achieved... (Review)
Review
This article presents a review of recent major advances in precision oncology and the future implications of these advances, specifying the iterative progress achieved from the end of 2022 through 2023. We discuss the different classes of precision oncology drugs and associated biomarkers as well as the improvements in clinical trial design that have enabled the efficient testing of these drugs.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine; Medical Oncology; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38084089
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-23-1194 -
Nature Medicine Dec 2023The rising cancer incidence rate in China poses a substantial public health concern, although there have been remarkable improvements in the country's cancer mortality... (Review)
Review
The rising cancer incidence rate in China poses a substantial public health concern, although there have been remarkable improvements in the country's cancer mortality and survival rates. In this Review, we outline the current landscape and future directions of cancer care and research in China. We discuss national screening programs and strategies for cancer detection and delve into the evolving landscape of cancer care, emphasizing the adoption of multidisciplinary, comprehensive treatment and precision oncology. Additionally, we examine changes in drug research and development policies that have enabled approval of new drugs. Finally, we look to the future, highlighting key priorities and identifying gaps. Effectively addressing challenges and seizing opportunities associated with cancer research in China will enable the development of targeted approaches to alleviate the global burden of cancer.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine; Medical Oncology; Research; Public Health; China
PubMed: 38087112
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02655-3 -
Trends in Cancer Dec 2023Precision oncology requires additional predictive biomarkers for targeted therapy selection. Variant allele frequency (VAF), measuring the proportion of variant alleles... (Review)
Review
Precision oncology requires additional predictive biomarkers for targeted therapy selection. Variant allele frequency (VAF), measuring the proportion of variant alleles within a genomic locus, provides insights into tumor clonality in somatic genomic testing, yielding a strong rationale for targeting dominant cancer cell populations. The prognostic and predictive roles of VAF have been evaluated across different studies. Yet, the absence of validated VAF thresholds and a lack of standardization between sequencing assays currently hampers its clinical utility. Therefore, analytical and clinical validation must be further examined. This Review summarizes the evidence regarding the use of VAF as a predictive biomarker and discusses challenges and opportunities for its clinical implementation as a decision-making tool for targeted therapy selection.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Mutation; Precision Medicine; Medical Oncology; Gene Frequency
PubMed: 37704501
DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.08.011 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews... Jul 2023The development of new antitumor drugs depends mainly upon targeting tumor cells precisely. Trophoblast surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein... (Review)
Review
The development of new antitumor drugs depends mainly upon targeting tumor cells precisely. Trophoblast surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein involved in Ca signaling in tumor cells. It is highly expressed in various tumor tissues than in normal tissues and represents a novel and promising molecular target for caner targeted therapy. Up to now, the mechanisms and functions associated with Trop-2 have been extensively studied in a variety of solid tumors. According to these findings, Trop-2 plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In addition, Trop-2 related drugs are also being developed widely. There are a number of Trop-2 related ADC drugs that have demonstrated potent antitumor activity and are currently been studied, such as Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG) and Datopotamab Deruxtecan (Dato-Dxd). In this study, we reviewed the progress of Trop-2 research in solid tumors. We also sorted out the composition and rationale of Trop-2 related drugs and summarized the related clinical trials. Finally, we discussed the current status of Trop-2 research and expanded our perspectives on its future research directions. Importantly, we found that Trop-2 targeted ADCs have great potential for combination with other antitumor therapies. Trop-2 targeted ADCs can reprogramme tumor microenvironment through multiple signaling pathways, ultimately activating antitumor immunity.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37121444
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188902 -
Journal of Hematology & Oncology Nov 2023Research into the potential benefits of artificial intelligence for comprehending the intricate biology of cancer has grown as a result of the widespread use of deep... (Review)
Review
Research into the potential benefits of artificial intelligence for comprehending the intricate biology of cancer has grown as a result of the widespread use of deep learning and machine learning in the healthcare sector and the availability of highly specialized cancer datasets. Here, we review new artificial intelligence approaches and how they are being used in oncology. We describe how artificial intelligence might be used in the detection, prognosis, and administration of cancer treatments and introduce the use of the latest large language models such as ChatGPT in oncology clinics. We highlight artificial intelligence applications for omics data types, and we offer perspectives on how the various data types might be combined to create decision-support tools. We also evaluate the present constraints and challenges to applying artificial intelligence in precision oncology. Finally, we discuss how current challenges may be surmounted to make artificial intelligence useful in clinical settings in the future.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine; Machine Learning; Medical Oncology
PubMed: 38012673
DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01514-5 -
Cell Mar 2024The integration of cancer biomarkers into oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment, yielding remarkable advancements in cancer therapeutics and the prognosis of... (Review)
Review
The integration of cancer biomarkers into oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment, yielding remarkable advancements in cancer therapeutics and the prognosis of cancer patients. The development of personalized medicine represents a turning point and a new paradigm in cancer management, as biomarkers enable oncologists to tailor treatments based on the unique molecular profile of each patient's tumor. In this review, we discuss the scientific milestones of cancer biomarkers and explore future possibilities to improve the management of patients with solid tumors. This progress is primarily attributed to the biological characterization of cancers, advancements in testing methodologies, elucidation of the immune microenvironment, and the ability to profile circulating tumor fractions. Integrating these insights promises to continually advance the precision oncology field, fostering better patient outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers, Tumor; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38552610
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.041 -
Journal of Medical Imaging and... Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Radiology, Interventional
PubMed: 36458655
DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13493 -
Current Treatment Options in Oncology Oct 2023Cardio-oncology is going under rapid development in various areas across an increasing number of provinces in China. However there are still a myriad of challenges that... (Review)
Review
Cardio-oncology is going under rapid development in various areas across an increasing number of provinces in China. However there are still a myriad of challenges that need to be overcome in order to ensure its gradual and consistent expansion. The Cardio-Oncology Knowledge Transfer Model (KTM) forms the basis to allow exponential development of effective cardio-oncology services. This would ensure the implementation of precision-based practice while dynamically evolving cardio-oncology to integrate both Western and Chinese medical practices to become an official clinical sub-speciality in its own right in China, for the ultimate benefit of the patient.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; China
PubMed: 37566213
DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01123-x -
Radiology Jul 2023Interventional oncology is a subspecialty of interventional radiology focused on treating patients with cancer using minimally invasive, image-guided procedures. The... (Review)
Review
Interventional oncology is a subspecialty of interventional radiology focused on treating patients with cancer using minimally invasive, image-guided procedures. The role of interventional oncology has become so integral for supporting patients with cancer that many consider it the fourth pillar of oncology-a recent addition to the traditional pillars of medical oncology, surgery, and radiation oncology. As highlighted herein, the authors predict opportunities for growth in precision oncology, immunotherapy, advanced imaging, and novel interventions, facilitated by emergent technologies like artificial intelligence, gene editing, molecular imaging, and robotics. Beyond these technological breakthroughs, however, the defining characteristic of interventional oncology in 2043 will be a well-developed clinical and research infrastructure that enables greater integration of interventional oncology procedures into standard practice.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Artificial Intelligence; Precision Medicine; Medical Oncology; Radiation Oncology
PubMed: 37432086
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.230139 -
JAMA Oncology Jun 2024
Topics: Medical Oncology; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38900234
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.4648