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Trends in Cancer Sep 2023Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a driver of tumor evolution and a main cause of therapeutic resistance. Despite its importance, measures of ITH are still not... (Review)
Review
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a driver of tumor evolution and a main cause of therapeutic resistance. Despite its importance, measures of ITH are still not incorporated into clinical practice. Consequently, standard treatment is frequently ineffective for patients with heterogeneous tumors as changes to treatment regimens are made only after recurrence and disease progression. More effective combination therapies require a mechanistic understanding of ITH and ways to assess it in clinical samples. The growth of technologies enabling the spatially intact analysis of tumors at the single-cell level and the development of sophisticated preclinical models give us hope that ITH will not simply be used as a predictor of a poor outcome but will guide treatment decisions from diagnosis through treatment.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37248149
DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.05.001 -
Experimental and Clinical... Jan 2024
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The Journal of Urology Aug 2023
Topics: Male; Humans; Urology; Prostatic Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Urologic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37199093
DOI: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003541 -
Genome Medicine Mar 2024Histopathology and genomic profiling are cornerstones of precision oncology and are routinely obtained for patients with cancer. Traditionally, histopathology slides are... (Review)
Review
Histopathology and genomic profiling are cornerstones of precision oncology and are routinely obtained for patients with cancer. Traditionally, histopathology slides are manually reviewed by highly trained pathologists. Genomic data, on the other hand, is evaluated by engineered computational pipelines. In both applications, the advent of modern artificial intelligence methods, specifically machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), have opened up a fundamentally new way of extracting actionable insights from raw data, which could augment and potentially replace some aspects of traditional evaluation workflows. In this review, we summarize current and emerging applications of DL in histopathology and genomics, including basic diagnostic as well as advanced prognostic tasks. Based on a growing body of evidence, we suggest that DL could be the groundwork for a new kind of workflow in oncology and cancer research. However, we also point out that DL models can have biases and other flaws that users in healthcare and research need to know about, and we propose ways to address them.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Neoplasms; Deep Learning; Precision Medicine; Genomics
PubMed: 38539231
DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01315-6 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... May 2024Interventional oncology (IO) is a rapidly growing field in veterinary medicine and has been accepted as a fourth pillar of treatment of neoplastic disease with other... (Review)
Review
Interventional oncology (IO) is a rapidly growing field in veterinary medicine and has been accepted as a fourth pillar of treatment of neoplastic disease with other modalities including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The major categories of IO therapies in companion animals are focused on the use of locoregional therapies and stenting of malignant obstructions. Although significant assessment of veterinary IO techniques is still necessary, early evaluation of these varying techniques is demonstrating promising results.
Topics: Animals; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Stents; Radiology, Interventional
PubMed: 38184437
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.005 -
Cancer Science Jan 2024Epigenetic modifications are significant in tumor pathogenesis, wherein the process of histone demethylation is indispensable for regulating gene transcription,... (Review)
Review
Epigenetic modifications are significant in tumor pathogenesis, wherein the process of histone demethylation is indispensable for regulating gene transcription, apoptosis, DNA replication, and repair of damaged DNA. The lysine demethylases (KDMs) serve an essential role in the aforementioned processes, with particular emphasis on the KDM4 family, also referred to as JMJD2. Multiple studies have underscored the significance of the KDM4 family in the regulation of various biological processes including, but not limited to, the cell cycle, DNA repair mechanisms, signaling pathways, and the progression of tumor formation. Nevertheless, it is imperative to elucidate the underlying mechanism of KDM4B, which belongs to the KDM4 gene family. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the structure, mechanism, and function of KDM4B, as well as a critical analysis of the current body of research pertaining to its involvement in tumorigenesis and development. Furthermore, this review explores the potential therapeutic strategies that specifically target KDM4B.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; DNA Repair; Cell Cycle; Signal Transduction; DNA Replication; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases
PubMed: 37923555
DOI: 10.1111/cas.16005 -
Journal of Surgical Oncology Sep 2023Musculoskeletal oncology is a clinical specialty dealing with a diverse population of patients with metastatic bone disease, hematological malignancies with... (Review)
Review
Musculoskeletal oncology is a clinical specialty dealing with a diverse population of patients with metastatic bone disease, hematological malignancies with musculoskeletal manifestations, primary bone malignancies and soft tissue sarcomas. There are wide-spread disparities including socioeconomic (SES) and insurance-related disparities reported in the literature. In this review, we'll summarize the disparities surrounding the musculoskeletal oncology.
Topics: Humans; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic Disparities in Health; Bone Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Healthcare Disparities
PubMed: 37537984
DOI: 10.1002/jso.27361 -
Current Cardiology Reports Aug 2023The article aims to investigate the complex relationship between cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a focus on the effects of cancer treatment on cardiac... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The article aims to investigate the complex relationship between cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a focus on the effects of cancer treatment on cardiac health.
RECENT FINDINGS
Advances in cancer treatment have improved long-term survival rates, but CVD has emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. The interplay between cancer itself, treatment methods, homeostatic changes, and lifestyle modifications contributes to this comorbidity. Recent research in the field of cardio-oncology has revealed common genetic mutations, risk factors, and metabolic features associated with the co-occurrence of cancer and CVD. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest research in cardio-oncology, including common genetic mutations, risk factors, and metabolic features, and explores the interactions between cancer treatment and CVD drugs, proposing novel approaches for the management of cancer and CVD.
Topics: Humans; Cardiotoxicity; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Cardiovascular Diseases; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 37493874
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01906-6 -
Psycho-oncology Jan 2024Issues relating to certification of the Psycho-oncology profession require clarification in order to provide high quality comprehensive psychosocial care within...
BACKGROUND
Issues relating to certification of the Psycho-oncology profession require clarification in order to provide high quality comprehensive psychosocial care within oncology. We conducted a survey identifying existing training, professional registration requirements and accreditation programs, at national levels, for the specialty of psycho-oncology as well as the mandatory presence of this specialist in cancer teams.
METHODS
This survey was conducted within the International Psycho-Oncology Society Federation of psycho-oncology societies and included representatives of each national federated society and some countries not belonging to the Federation. Survey questions were emailed requesting specific details, from the registered contact person, for each country, about psycho-oncology training, professional registration and accreditation.
RESULTS
Of 43 countries contacted (34 Federated and 9 non-federated members), 39 replied and answered the questionnaire (90, 7%). Disparities were reported between countries, with details indicating differences from having no national program, to quite detailed and legally accredited requirements. The majority of countries had no formally recognized profession of "Psycho-oncologist," while some countries reported that it is mandatory (or recommended to have) a specialist in psycho-oncology in cancer centers and, thus, that an accredited, nationally recognized and certified training in this specialty exists.
CONCLUSIONS
The study underlines the need to create a curriculum for the specialty (certification and accreditation) for the profession of psycho-oncology. Given the lack of internationally recognized core standards, ideas and proposals for minimum standards of good care and the training required to deliver this, are explored to clarify who may use the designation "Clinical Psycho-oncologist."
Topics: Humans; Psycho-Oncology; Certification; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Curriculum
PubMed: 38282216
DOI: 10.1002/pon.6285 -
Cancer Discovery Jan 2024In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Suehnholz and colleagues describe their efforts to quantify the gradual yet steady progress of precision oncology by surveying the...
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Suehnholz and colleagues describe their efforts to quantify the gradual yet steady progress of precision oncology by surveying the regulatory approvals of targeted cancer therapies, and thus the actionability of corresponding molecular alterations in clinical practice, over more than 20 years. Their work also suggests a relationship between the discovery of candidate therapeutic targets through comprehensive tumor profiling and molecularly guided cancer drug development. See related article by Suehnholz et al., p. 49 (5).
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine; Medical Oncology; Antineoplastic Agents; Molecular Targeted Therapy
PubMed: 38213297
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-23-1237