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Science China. Life Sciences Dec 2023Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been extensively identified in eukaryotic genomes and have been shown to play critical roles in the development of multiple cancers.... (Review)
Review
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been extensively identified in eukaryotic genomes and have been shown to play critical roles in the development of multiple cancers. Through the application and development of ribosome analysis and sequencing technologies, advanced studies have discovered the translation of lncRNAs. Although lncRNAs were originally defined as noncoding RNAs, many lncRNAs actually contain small open reading frames that are translated into peptides. This opens a broad area for the functional investigation of lncRNAs. Here, we introduce prospective methods and databases for screening lncRNAs with functional polypeptides. We also summarize the specific lncRNA-encoded proteins and their molecular mechanisms that promote or inhibit cancerous. Importantly, the role of lncRNA-encoded peptides/proteins holds promise in cancer research, but some potential challenges remain unresolved. This review includes reports on lncRNA-encoded peptides or proteins in cancer, aiming to provide theoretical basis and related references to facilitate the discovery of more functional peptides encoded by lncRNA, and to further develop new anti-cancer therapeutic targets as well as clinical biomarkers of diagnosis and prognosis.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Long Noncoding; Neoplasms; RNA, Untranslated; Proteins; Peptides
PubMed: 37154857
DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2289-6 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Endoscopy; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy
PubMed: 38522892
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101892 -
The Canadian Journal of Cardiology Nov 2023With significant improvements in the understanding of cancer biology, improved detection, and the use of novel adjuvant therapies, each year more Canadians are surviving... (Review)
Review
With significant improvements in the understanding of cancer biology, improved detection, and the use of novel adjuvant therapies, each year more Canadians are surviving a cancer diagnosis. Despite their effectiveness these therapies often result in short- and long-term deleterious effects to major organ systems, particularly cardiovascular. Cardio-oncology is an emerging field of study with the aim to improve cardiovascular health across the oncology disease spectrum. International guidelines distinguish "cardio-oncology" rehabilitation from "cancer" rehabilitation, but how this is navigated is currently unknown. How such care should be assessed and integrated acutely or in the longer term remains unknown. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to consider the cancer patient's needs beyond the scope of cardio-oncology rehabilitation to holistically integrate cancer rehabilitation across the disease trajectory.
Topics: Humans; Canada; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 37758015
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.09.024 -
Journal of Internal Medicine Oct 2023Precision cancer medicine is a multidisciplinary team effort that requires involvement and commitment of many stakeholders including the society at large. Building on... (Review)
Review
Precision cancer medicine is a multidisciplinary team effort that requires involvement and commitment of many stakeholders including the society at large. Building on the success of significant advances in precision therapy for oncological patients over the last two decades, future developments will be significantly shaped by improvements in scalable molecular diagnostics in which increasingly complex multilayered datasets require transformation into clinically useful information guiding patient management at fast turnaround times. Adaptive profiling strategies involving tissue- and liquid-based testing that account for the immense plasticity of cancer during the patient's journey and also include early detection approaches are already finding their way into clinical routine and will become paramount. A second major driver is the development of smart clinical trials and trial concepts which, complemented by real-world evidence, rapidly broaden the spectrum of therapeutic options. Tight coordination with regulatory agencies and health technology assessment bodies is crucial in this context. Multicentric networks operating nationally and internationally are key in implementing precision oncology in clinical practice and support developing and improving the ecosystem and framework needed to turn invocation into benefits for patients. The review provides an overview of the diagnostic tools, innovative clinical studies, and collaborative efforts needed to realize precision cancer medicine.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine; Ecosystem
PubMed: 37641393
DOI: 10.1111/joim.13709 -
Radiology. Imaging Cancer Nov 2023Ongoing discoveries in cancer genomics and epigenomics have revolutionized clinical oncology and precision health care. This knowledge provides unprecedented insights... (Review)
Review
Ongoing discoveries in cancer genomics and epigenomics have revolutionized clinical oncology and precision health care. This knowledge provides unprecedented insights into tumor biology and heterogeneity within a single tumor, among primary and metastatic lesions, and among patients with the same histologic type of cancer. Large-scale genomic sequencing studies also sparked the development of new tumor classifications, biomarkers, and targeted therapies. Because of the central role of imaging in cancer diagnosis and therapy, radiologists need to be familiar with the basic concepts of genomics, which are now becoming the new norm in oncologic clinical practice. By incorporating these concepts into clinical practice, radiologists can make their imaging interpretations more meaningful and specific, facilitate multidisciplinary clinical dialogue and interventions, and provide better patient-centric care. This review article highlights basic concepts of genomics and epigenomics, reviews the most common genetic alterations in cancer, and discusses the implications of these concepts on imaging by organ system in a case-based manner. This information will help stimulate new innovations in imaging research, accelerate the development and validation of new imaging biomarkers, and motivate efforts to bring new molecular and functional imaging methods to clinical radiology. Oncology, Cancer Genomics, Epignomics, Radiogenomics, Imaging Markers © RSNA, 2023.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Genomics; Phenotype; Radiologists; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37921555
DOI: 10.1148/rycan.220153 -
Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology
PubMed: 38664531
DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00897-9 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Dec 2023The purpose of this guideline update is to reassess and update recommendations in the prior guideline from 2016 on the appropriate management of patients with uveal... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this guideline update is to reassess and update recommendations in the prior guideline from 2016 on the appropriate management of patients with uveal melanoma.
METHODS
In 2021, a multidisciplinary working group from the Provincial Cutaneous Tumour Team, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services was convened to update the guideline. A comprehensive review of new research evidence in PubMed as well as new clinical practice guidelines from prominent oncology groups informed the update. An enhancement in methodology included adding levels of evidence and strength of recommendations. The updated guideline was circulated to all members of the Provincial Cutaneous Tumour Team for review and endorsement.
RESULTS
New and modified recommendations address provider training requirements, diagnostic imaging for the detection of metastases, neo-adjuvant pre-enucleation radiotherapy, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for radiation retinopathy, genetic prognostic testing, surveillance following definitive local therapy, and systemic therapy for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma.
DISCUSSION
The recommendations represent evidence-based standards of care agreed to by a large multidisciplinary group of healthcare professionals.
Topics: Humans; Alberta; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Uveal Neoplasms
PubMed: 38275828
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31010002 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Information generated via next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies is often termed multi-omics data [...].
Information generated via next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies is often termed multi-omics data [...].
Topics: Precision Medicine; Humans; Medical Oncology; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Neoplasms; Data Science; Genomics
PubMed: 38891982
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115797 -
Cancer Letters Jul 2023Tumor-derived exosome (TDE)-mediated premetastatic niche (PMN) formation is a potential mechanism underlying the organotropic metastasis of primary tumors. Traditional... (Review)
Review
Tumor-derived exosome (TDE)-mediated premetastatic niche (PMN) formation is a potential mechanism underlying the organotropic metastasis of primary tumors. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown considerable success in preventing and treating tumor metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we discussed PMN formation from the perspectives of TDE biogenesis, cargo sorting, and TDE recipient cell alterations, which are critical for metastatic outgrowth. We also reviewed the metastasis-preventive effects of TCM, which act by targeting the physicochemical materials and functional mediators of TDE biogenesis, regulating the cargo sorting machinery and secretory molecules in TDEs, and targeting the TDE-recipient cells involved in PMN formation.
Topics: Humans; Exosomes; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Tumor Microenvironment; Cell Communication; Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis
PubMed: 37302563
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216261 -
Current Neurology and Neuroscience... Feb 2024The response assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria and its versions were developed by expert opinion consensus to standardize response evaluation in glioma... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The response assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria and its versions were developed by expert opinion consensus to standardize response evaluation in glioma clinical trials. New patient-based data informed the development of updated response assessment criteria, RANO 2.0.
RECENT FINDINGS
In a recent study of patients with glioblastoma, the post-radiation brain MRI was a superior baseline MRI compared to the pretreatment MRI, and confirmation scans were only beneficial within the first 12 weeks of completion of radiation in newly diagnosed disease. Nonenhancing disease evaluation did not improve the correlation between progression-free survival and overall survival in newly diagnosed and recurrent settings. RANO 2.0 recommends a single common response criteria for high- and low-grade gliomas, regardless of the treatment modality being evaluated. It also provides guidance on the evaluation of nonenhancing tumors and tumors with both enhancing and nonenhancing components.
Topics: Humans; Brain Neoplasms; Glioma; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Glioblastoma; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 38170429
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01329-4