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BMC Oral Health Jun 2024This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic features among schoolchildren in the West Bank, Palestine.
BACKGROUND
This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic features among schoolchildren in the West Bank, Palestine.
METHODS
A stratified cluster sample of 1278 schoolchildren (620 males, 658 females, mean age 12 years and 5 months (± 0.5)) were examined. Candidates who had not received any previous orthodontic treatment were only included. Dental anomalies like missing and ectopic teeth were recorded. The anteroposterior occlusal relationship was assessed based on Angle classification. Overjet and overbite were measured. Crowding and spacing were recorded subjectively. In addition, crossbite, openbite, and midline displacement were recorded. The chi-square test and descriptive analysis were used statistically.
RESULTS
The study found Angle Class I molar relationship in 65%, Class II div 1 in 17%, Class II div 2 in 6%, and Class III in 12% of the sample. An overjet (OJ) of more than 4 mm was present in 17%, and 4% had OJ of more than 6 mm; an OJ of at least 0 mm or less in 36%, and 6% had a reverse OJ. A normal overbite was observed in 53%, while 28% had an increase and 19% had a decreased overbite. An anterior openbite (AOB) was present in 9%, and a scissor bite or anterior crossbite in 6% and 14%, respectively. A posterior crossbite was observed in 12% (9% unilateral and 3% bilateral). Midline displacement was found in (9%). Crowding was observed in 35% and 31% and spacing in 24% and 15% of the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively. A statistically significant relationship between gender and midline shift, a diastema, spacing in the upper arch, and most dental anomalies was found; males were more affected (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
This study reported a high prevalence of malocclusion among schoolchildren in Palestine. A collaborative effort should be directed to obtain more monitoring and surveillance of malocclusion more frequently to prevent and control the exacerbation of the problem.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Malocclusion; Child; Prevalence; Overbite; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Arabs; Malocclusion, Angle Class III; Diastema; Malocclusion, Angle Class I; Middle East; Open Bite; Tooth Eruption, Ectopic; Anodontia; Sex Factors; Adolescent
PubMed: 38849789
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04432-1 -
JFMS Open Reports 2023Three cats in South Korea were diagnosed with snake envenomation based on the appearance and location of bite wounds. Two cats were envenomed by the species and one by...
CASE SERIES SUMMARY
Three cats in South Korea were diagnosed with snake envenomation based on the appearance and location of bite wounds. Two cats were envenomed by the species and one by an unidentified species. Clinical signs were detected, including local bite-site swelling, haemorrhagic discharge and necrosis. All three cats were given supportive treatment. An antivenom was administered to one cat, and the cat showed no adverse reactions. All cats survived, but skin necrosis remained a complication of the snake envenomation. This was observed during the 1-year follow-up period.
RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION
Cats with snake envenomation are extremely rare in South Korea, and information regarding clinical details are limited. This study is the first to describe the clinical details and prognosis of feline snake envenomation in South Korea.
PubMed: 37492185
DOI: 10.1177/20551169231173582 -
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and... Feb 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of skeletal Class II and anterior open bite patients who received simultaneous Le fort I osteotomies with...
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of skeletal Class II and anterior open bite patients who received simultaneous Le fort I osteotomies with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prostheses or bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients with condylar resorption (CR) were treated by TMJ prostheses and orthognathic surgery and divided into two groups. Cephalometric radiographs were obtained before and after operation to find out the surgical alteration by comparing measures at different time points.
RESULTS
23 patients were included. Mean overbite of the patients was increased by 3.39 mm in TMJ prostheses group and 3.24 mm in orthognathic group. Occlusal plane angle was averagely rotated -6.06° and 1.31°; mandibular plane counterclockwise rotated 12.23° and 5.81°, respectively. The increase of ramus height in TMJ prostheses group were significantly greater than orthognathic surgery group (8.02 ± 1.96 mm vs. -0.09 ± 1.29 mm). The overall treatment effect was stable in both groups during the 1-year follow up.
DISCUSSION
Two surgical plans seem to be reliable treatments of anterior open bite and mandibular retrognathism caused by temporomandibular disease. TMJ prostheses with simultaneous Le fort I osteotomies close open bite by lengthening the height of ramus and rotating maxillo-mandibular complex counterclockwise, while bimaxillary orthognathic surgery by rotating maxilla clockwise and mandible counterclockwise without rebuilding ramus.
Topics: Humans; Open Bite; Orthognathic Surgery; Retrospective Studies; Joint Prosthesis; Temporomandibular Joint
PubMed: 37689138
DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101630 -
BMJ Paediatrics Open Jun 2024Dog bites are a concerning health problem in children and one of the leading causes of non-fatal injuries in this population. Dog attacks not only cause physical... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dog bites are a concerning health problem in children and one of the leading causes of non-fatal injuries in this population. Dog attacks not only cause physical injuries but can also lead to long-term psychological problems. A review was performed to investigate the scope of literature on the psychological effects of dog bites on a paediatric population.
METHODS
A literature search was performed on Web of Knowledge database between 1982 to June 2023, returning 249 results. 14 primary studies reporting the psychological consequences of dog bites in children or adolescents were classed as eligible and 9 further studies were added from prior knowledge and bibliographical searches. 23 studies involving 1894 participants met the criteria and were included in this review.
RESULTS
Of these 23 studies, 8 were case studies or small case series reports (up to n=4), 14 larger descriptive studies and 1 analytical cross-sectional study. There was a mixture of retrospective and prospective data-gathering. The most common psychological consequences of dog bites in children were post-traumatic stress disorder, dog phobia, nightmares and symptoms of anxiety and avoidance behaviours.
CONCLUSIONS
Studies on dog bites in a paediatric population with a specific focus on the psychological consequences associated with dog bites and their management are sparse. Future research and practice should more greatly consider the psychological impact on child victims of dog bites and their family members, as well as their management to avoid the development of mental health issues and improve their quality of life. Future research also needs to ascertain the efficacy of using virtual reality in treating children with dog phobia.
Topics: Humans; Dogs; Bites and Stings; Child; Animals; Adolescent; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Phobic Disorders; Anxiety
PubMed: 38844383
DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000922 -
Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 2023Dog bite injuries are a source of significant morbidity and expense in the USA, and rates of hospitalization have been rising. Children are at increased risk of dog...
BACKGROUND
Dog bite injuries are a source of significant morbidity and expense in the USA, and rates of hospitalization have been rising. Children are at increased risk of dog bites compared with adults, yet there is a lack of published material on factors affecting hospital course. The objective of this study is to explore factors associated with increased length of stay (LOS), more complex course of care and post-discharge return rates in this population.
METHODS
A retrospective review was conducted of all patients presenting to our urban, academic children's hospital for dog bite injuries between January 2016 and May 2021. Only those patients admitted for inpatient care were included, as identified through our institution's trauma registry, and variables were examined prior to, during, and after hospital stay.
RESULTS
739 pediatric patients in total were treated for dog bites during the study period, of which 349 were admitted. Analysis revealed two pre-admission predictors of increased LOS: bone fracture (mean LOS=5.3 days vs. 2.5 days, p=0.013) and prior medical comorbidity (4.3 days vs. 2.8 days, p=0.042). After admission, fractures were associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications (16% vs. 5.6%, p=0.014) and return (13% vs. 2.0%, p<0.001), primarily due to wound infection. Although the facial region represented the largest proportion of fractures, long bone fractures of the arm and leg were noted to have comparatively higher LOS and complication rates. Postoperative complications were not associated with any documented infection at admission.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that long bone fractures in pediatric dog bites can be an underappreciated source of latent wound infection associated with late-presenting negative outcomes. Increased awareness of these relationships could lead to earlier detection of infection in this vulnerable population.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level III, Prognostic / Epidemiological.
PubMed: 37529295
DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2022-001071 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Aug 2023The role of tongue reduction surgery (TRS) in preventing excessive mandibular growth and anterior open bite in children with Beckwith-Wiedemann Spectrum (BWSp) is still...
OBJECTIVES
The role of tongue reduction surgery (TRS) in preventing excessive mandibular growth and anterior open bite in children with Beckwith-Wiedemann Spectrum (BWSp) is still controversial. This cross-sectional study aimed at comparing craniofacial growth pattern in children affected by BWSp either treated or not treated with early TRS for severe macroglossia. Considering the invasive nature of such surgery, the present study could help in clarifying the need for TRS to reduce or prevent growth disturbances.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Orthopantomography and lateral skull x-ray images were taken either from surgically treated or non-surgically treated patients, aged 5 to 8 years, to compare dentoskeletal features and craniofacial growth by cephalometric analysis. Molecular testing results were collected from their medical records.
RESULTS
Eighteen BWSp patients were consecutively recruited: 8 underwent TRS at 14.9 ± 2.2 months of age, while 10 did not. Anterior open bite and dental class III were more frequently observed in the surgically treated group, but none showed skeletal class III. No statistically significant differences were observed in growth pattern, but children treated with TRS showed a tendency towards both maxillary and mandibular prognathism with protruding lower lip. Growth pattern seemed to be not related to molecular subtypes.
CONCLUSIONS
These preliminary data suggest that early TSR does not improve craniofacial growth pattern and dentoskeletal features in BWSp children.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Reductive glossectomy may not be justified for preventing or avoiding oro-facial deformities in BWSp; therefore, early monitoring of maxillofacial development of each affected child has a great clinical significance.
Topics: Child; Humans; Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome; Open Bite; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tongue; Macroglossia
PubMed: 37162568
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05043-w -
Human Reproduction Open 2023What is the long-term impact of presumed gonadotoxic treatment during childhood on the patient's testicular function at adulthood?
STUDY QUESTION
What is the long-term impact of presumed gonadotoxic treatment during childhood on the patient's testicular function at adulthood?
SUMMARY ANSWER
Although most patients showed low testicular volumes and some degree of reproductive hormone disruption 12.3 (2.3-21.0) years after gonadotoxic childhood therapy, active spermatogenesis was demonstrated in the semen sample of 8 out of the 12 patients.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
In recent decades, experimental testicular tissue banking programmes have been set up to safeguard the future fertility of young boys requiring chemo- and/or radiotherapy with significant gonadotoxicity. Although the risk of azoospermia following such therapies is estimated to be high, only limited long-term data are available on the reproductive potential at adulthood.
STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION
This single-centre prospective cohort study was conducted between September 2020 and February 2023 and involved 12 adult patients.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS
This study was carried out in a tertiary care centre and included 12 young adults (18.1-28.3 years old) who had been offered testicular tissue banking prior to gonadotoxic treatment during childhood. All patients had a consultation and physical examination with a fertility specialist, a scrotal ultrasound to measure the testicular volumes and evaluate the testicular parenchyma, a blood test for assessment of reproductive hormones, and a semen analysis.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Testicular tissue was banked prior to the gonadotoxic treatment for 10 out of the 12 included patients. Testicular volumes were low for 9 patients, and 10 patients showed some degree of reproductive hormone disruption. Remarkably, ongoing spermatogenesis was demonstrated in 8 patients at a median 12.3 (range 2.3-21.0) years post-treatment.
LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION
This study had a limited sample size, making additional research with a larger study population necessary to verify these preliminary findings.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
These findings highlight the need for multicentric research with a larger study population to establish universal inclusion criteria for immature testicular tissue banking.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS
This study was conducted with financial support from the Research Programme of the Research Foundation-Flanders (G010918N), Kom Op Tegen Kanker, and Scientific Fund Willy Gepts (WFWG19-03). The authors declare no competing interests.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT04202094; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04202094?id=NCT04202094&draw=2&rank=1 This study was registered on 6 December 2019, and the first patient was enrolled on 8 September 2020.
PubMed: 37547664
DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoad029 -
The International Journal of... May 2024Bonded fixed retainers are frequently used nowadays as the main and often the only retention protocol after orthodontic treatment. The expectations for long-lasting...
Bonded fixed retainers are frequently used nowadays as the main and often the only retention protocol after orthodontic treatment. The expectations for long-lasting lifetime stability of the occlusion led orthodontists to seek the ultimate retention protocol with minimal patient compliance. Fixed retainers have many disadvantages and risks that should be considered in advance. Different failures of fixed retainers are described and categorized. The workflow for the retreatment of relapse caused in spite of the fixed retainers is described with 3 case presentations: Open bite, Root movement and Bimaxillary protrusion, all treated with clear aligner treatment (CAT). A revised retention protocol is suggested.
PubMed: 38820276
DOI: 10.11607/prd.7083 -
Open Veterinary Journal Oct 2023is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Lyme disease or borreliosis in domestic and wild animals, including dogs, with the possible transmission to humans.
BACKGROUND
is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Lyme disease or borreliosis in domestic and wild animals, including dogs, with the possible transmission to humans.
AIM
This study was conducted to investigate the infection rate of Spirochetes and B. burgdorferi in stray dogs in Nineveh province, Iraq.
METHODS
During the period from May to October (2022), a total of 55 stray dogs were selected randomly from different areas in Nineveh province, Iraq. Blood samples were collected from cephalic venous and tested molecularly using the conventional polymerase chain reaction technique.
RESULTS
The present study revealed that the total infection rates of Spirochetes and were 41.82% and 27.27%, respectively. Concerning age, values of infection rate, odds ratio, and relative risk of were increased significantly in dogs aged ? 4 months (42.86%, 3.505%, and 2.438%, respectively), while decreased in dogs of ? 1-3 (12.5%, 0.337% and 0.42%, respectively) and ? 3 (13.33%, 0.32% and 0.409%) years old when compared to dogs aged 5-12 months (27.27%, 1% and 1%, respectively). While concerning dogs sex, a significantly higher infection rate, odds ratio, and relative risk of were shown in females (32.56%, 5.495% and 6.792%, respectively) compared to males (8.33%, 0.182% and 0.147%, respectively).
CONCLUSION
To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first Iraqi study on the prevalence of spirochetes, in particular , in stray dogs in Nineveh province (Iraq). However, additional studies of infection in other animals as well as vectors such as ticks in different geographic areas, appear necessary to detect variation in the distribution patterns of infection. In addition, owners and veterinarians should be aware of zoonotic diseases transmitted from wild and domestic animals, in particular those with tick-bite histories.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Animals; Dogs; Borrelia burgdorferi; Iraq; Lyme Disease; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 38027409
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i10.11 -
Special Care in Dentistry : Official... 2023We report the orthodontic treatment of a class II malocclusion with anterior open bite and posterior crossbite in a patient with Down syndrome (DS) treated with...
OBJECTIVE
We report the orthodontic treatment of a class II malocclusion with anterior open bite and posterior crossbite in a patient with Down syndrome (DS) treated with mini-implants.
METHODS
Treatment began with rapid maxillary expansion with a Haas appliance, followed by dental alignment and leveling with a fixed appliance and the correction of class II dental relationships with the use of orthodontic mini-implants associated with a sliding jig.
RESULTS
The results obtained at the end of the treatment were satisfactory, with improvements in occlusion, including bite closure; maxillary expansion; and the correction of dental relationships.
CONCLUSION
When well-planned, orthodontic treatment in a patient with DS achieves satisfactory results from a skeletal, occlusal, and facial perspective.
Topics: Humans; Open Bite; Down Syndrome; Dental Implants; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Cephalometry; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 36627234
DOI: 10.1111/scd.12820