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The Journal of Forensic... Aug 2023Historically, the law, dental and forensic literature has included numerous articles concerning abused children. The orofacial structures are injured frequently in the... (Review)
Review
Historically, the law, dental and forensic literature has included numerous articles concerning abused children. The orofacial structures are injured frequently in the maltreated child. Injuries of the neck, head, face, and oral cavity represent the most affected areas of the victim's body that routinely sustain physical trauma in child maltreatment cases. This literature review aimed to report the state of art of child abuse from the point of view of the dentist with focus on studies in dental aspects of child abuse and neglect of the last ten years. Considering the time slot, 20 papers were included with the following inclusion criteria: papers published in English, all keywords included in the title, articles available on PubMed. Many of the injuries are within the scope of dentistry or easily observed by the dental professional during routine dental treatment, and it is essential that the dentist recognizes them. Concerning neglect, it is appropriate to make a distinction between deliberate parental behavior that has the consequence of unavoidable and voluntary neglect towards their children and those conditions of involuntary carelessness determined by socio-economic and cultural factors such as family isolation, lack of finances, parental ignorance, or lack of perceived value of oral health. Therefore, it is relevant that the dentist pays attention to the cases to report and those that only need help.
Topics: Humans; Child Abuse; Child; Mouth; Craniocerebral Trauma; Facial Injuries
PubMed: 37634173
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023This is an attempt to briefly summarize the contributions to this second Special Issue of the on the barrier function of the skin and the oral mucosa [...].
This is an attempt to briefly summarize the contributions to this second Special Issue of the on the barrier function of the skin and the oral mucosa [...].
Topics: Mouth Mucosa; Skin
PubMed: 37761991
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813690 -
Cell and Tissue Research Jul 2023Stem cells derived from dental/odontogenic tissue have the property of multiple differentiation and are prospective in tooth regenerative medicine and cellular and... (Review)
Review
Stem cells derived from dental/odontogenic tissue have the property of multiple differentiation and are prospective in tooth regenerative medicine and cellular and molecular studies. However, in the face of cellular senescence soon in vitro, the proliferation ability of the cells is limited, so studies are hindered to some extent. Fortunately, immortalization strategies are expected to solve the above issues. Cellular immortalization is that cells are immortalized by introducing oncogenes, human telomerase reverse transcriptase genes (hTERT), or miscellaneous immortalization genes to get unlimited proliferation. At present, a variety of immortalized stem cells from dental/odontogenic tissue has been successfully generated, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament cells (PDLs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental papilla cells (DPCs), and tooth germ mesenchymal cells (TGMCs). This review summarized establishment and applications of immortalized stem cells from dental/odontogenic tissues and then discussed the advantages and challenges of immortalization.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Tooth; Cell Line; Periodontal Ligament; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 37039940
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03767-5 -
European Journal of Immunology Jul 2023The skin and the oral mucosa represent interfaces to the environment that are constantly exposed to pathogens and harmless foreign antigens such as commensal bacteria.... (Review)
Review
The skin and the oral mucosa represent interfaces to the environment that are constantly exposed to pathogens and harmless foreign antigens such as commensal bacteria. Both barrier organs share the presence of Langerhans cells (LC), distinctive members of the heterogeneous family of antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DC) that have the unique ability to promote tolerogenic as well as inflammatory immune responses. While skin LC have been extensively studied in the past decades, less is known about the function of oral mucosal LC. Despite similar transcriptomic signatures, skin and oral mucosal LC differ greatly in their ontogeny and development. In this review article, we will summarize the current knowledge on LC subsets in the skin compared to the oral mucosa. We will discuss the similarities and differences in their development, homeostasis, and function in the two barrier tissues, including their interaction with the local microbiota. In addition, this review will update recent advances on the role of LC in inflammatory skin and oral mucosal diseases.
Topics: Langerhans Cells; Mouth Mucosa; Skin; Immunity; Antigens; Dendritic Cells
PubMed: 36811456
DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149499 -
Journal of Dental Research Jul 2023Vaccine technology has evolved continuously since its beginning, and mucosal vaccination, including intranasal, sublingual, and oral administrations, has recently gained... (Review)
Review
Vaccine technology has evolved continuously since its beginning, and mucosal vaccination, including intranasal, sublingual, and oral administrations, has recently gained great scientific interest. The oral mucosa represents a promising minimally invasive route for antigen delivery, mainly at sublingual and buccal mucosal sites, and it is easily accessible, immunologically rich, and able to promote an effective systemic and local immune response. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview on the technologies for oral mucosal vaccination, with emphasis on mucoadhesive biomaterial-based delivery systems. Polymeric-based nanoparticles, multilayer films and wafers, liposomes, microneedles, and thermoresponsive gels are the most investigated strategies to deliver antigens locally, showing mucoadhesive properties, controlled release of the antigen, and the ability to enhance immunological responses. These formulations have achieved adequate properties in terms of vaccine stability, are minimally invasive, and are easy to produce and manage. To date, oral mucosa vaccine delivery systems represent a promising and open field of research. Future directions should focus on the role of these systems to induce sustained innate and adaptive immune responses, by integrating the recent advances achieved in mucoadhesion with those related to vaccine technology. Being painless, easy to administer, highly stable, safe, and effective, the antigen delivery systems via the oral mucosa may represent a useful and promising strategy for fast mass vaccination, especially during pandemic outbreaks.
Topics: Drug Delivery Systems; Mouth Mucosa; Vaccines; Vaccination; Liposomes
PubMed: 37148290
DOI: 10.1177/00220345231164111 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Sep 2023Perineurioma (PN) is an uncommon benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor. For the rarity of this tumor in the oral cavity, otolaryngologists and oral surgeons might not be...
Perineurioma (PN) is an uncommon benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor. For the rarity of this tumor in the oral cavity, otolaryngologists and oral surgeons might not be familiar with this entity. Perineuriomas are typically benign and complete excision is deemed adequate management. Thus, their histological recognition is mandatory to avoid unnecessary overtreatment. We report the clinicopathologic findings of an uncommon variant, the Extraneural Sclerosing PN, in an unusual and never described site, the tongue.
Topics: Humans; Tongue; Mouth; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms
PubMed: 34074156
DOI: 10.1177/01455613211020539 -
Journal of Advanced Research May 2024Oral health is of fundamental importance to maintain systemic health in humans. Stem cell-based oral tissue regeneration is a promising strategy to achieve the recovery... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oral health is of fundamental importance to maintain systemic health in humans. Stem cell-based oral tissue regeneration is a promising strategy to achieve the recovery of impaired oral tissue. As a highly conserved process of lysosomal degradation, autophagy induction regulates stem cell function physiologically and pathologically. Autophagy activation can serve as a cytoprotective mechanism in stressful environments, while insufficient or over-activation may also lead to cell function dysregulation and cell death.
AIM OF REVIEW
This review focuses on the effects of autophagy on stem cell function and oral tissue regeneration, with particular emphasis on diverse roles of autophagy in different oral tissues, including periodontal tissue, bone tissue, dentin pulp tissue, oral mucosa, salivary gland, maxillofacial muscle, temporomandibular joint, etc. Additionally, this review introduces the molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy during the regeneration of different parts of oral tissue, and how autophagy can be regulated by small molecule drugs, biomaterials, exosomes/RNAs or other specific treatments. Finally, this review discusses new perspectives for autophagy manipulation and oral tissue regeneration.
KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW
Overall, this review emphasizes the contribution of autophagy to oral tissue regeneration and highlights the possible approaches for regulating autophagy to promote the regeneration of human oral tissue.
Topics: Humans; Autophagy; Regeneration; Stem Cells; Animals; Mouth; Tissue Engineering; Mouth Mucosa
PubMed: 37356803
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.010 -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Aug 2023Oral cavity reconstruction using local flaps is an area of head and neck surgery that has been overshadowed since the introduction of free flaps. Here, we discuss new... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Oral cavity reconstruction using local flaps is an area of head and neck surgery that has been overshadowed since the introduction of free flaps. Here, we discuss new developments, predominantly modifications to existing techniques for intraoral reconstruction, the utility of different local flaps and a review of functional outcomes.
RECENT FINDINGS
The facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap has seen the greatest number of modifications to technique, most notably the extended double-pedicled, kite-shaped tunnelized and osseous myomucosal approaches. The tunnelled buccal fat pad flap has gained popularity as well as the use of combining two flaps such as the buccal fat pad and palatal island flap to reconstruct oral cavity defects with good effect. There is still a paucity of literature surrounding functional outcomes post reconstruction. Despite this, the complication rate for local flaps remains low.
SUMMARY
The value of intraoral flaps for oral cavity reconstruction is undisputed. However, they are potentially underutilised in the modern era of expanding availability and indications for free tissue transfer. As many practices see greater numbers of aging patients, often with multisystem comorbidities, local flaps are an important tool that can provide the surgeon with a greater number of reconstructive options.
Topics: Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Mouth; Free Tissue Flaps
PubMed: 36942833
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000884 -
Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 2023Oral cavity drug and vaccine delivery has the potential for local targeting, dose reduction, minimization of systemic side effects, and generation of mucosal immunity.... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Oral cavity drug and vaccine delivery has the potential for local targeting, dose reduction, minimization of systemic side effects, and generation of mucosal immunity. To overcome current limitations of delivery into the oral cavity mucosa, microneedles (MNs) have emerged as a promising technology.
AREAS COVERED
We reviewed the literature on MN application in the oral cavity, including in vitro studies, in vivo animal studies, and human clinical trials.
EXPERT OPINION
MNs are sufficiently robust to cross the oral cavity epithelium and nearly painless when applied to different parts of the human oral mucosa including the lip, cheek, tongue, and palate. In recent years, MNs have been evaluated for different applications, including vaccination, topical anesthetic delivery, and treatment of local oral pathologies such as oral lesions or carcinomas. MNs are attractive because they have the potential to produce a better treatment outcome with reduced side effects. Over the coming years, we project a significant increase in research related to the development of MNs for use in dentistry and other medical conditions of the mouth.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Mouth; Vaccination; Drug Delivery Systems; Needles; Administration, Cutaneous
PubMed: 37781735
DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2264189 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Global pandemics are most likely initiated via zoonotic transmission to humans in which respiratory viruses infect airways with relevance to mucosal systems. Out of the... (Review)
Review
Global pandemics are most likely initiated via zoonotic transmission to humans in which respiratory viruses infect airways with relevance to mucosal systems. Out of the known pandemics, five were initiated by respiratory viruses including current ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Striking progress in vaccine development and therapeutics has helped ameliorate the mortality and morbidity by infectious agents. Yet, organism replication and virus spread through mucosal tissues cannot be directly controlled by parenteral vaccines. A novel mitigation strategy is needed to elicit robust mucosal protection and broadly neutralizing activities to hamper virus entry mechanisms and inhibit transmission. This review focuses on the oral mucosa, which is a critical site of viral transmission and promising target to elicit sterile immunity. In addition to reviewing historic pandemics initiated by the zoonotic respiratory RNA viruses and the oral mucosal tissues, we discuss unique features of the oral immune responses. We address barriers and new prospects related to developing novel therapeutics to elicit protective immunity at the mucosal level to ultimately control transmission.
Topics: Humans; Pandemics; Mouth Mucosa; COVID-19; Vaccines; Viruses
PubMed: 37928529
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220610