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Vaccine Jul 2023The species and tissue specificities of HPV (human papillomavirus) for human infection and disease complicates the process of prophylactic vaccine development in animal...
The species and tissue specificities of HPV (human papillomavirus) for human infection and disease complicates the process of prophylactic vaccine development in animal models. HPV pseudoviruses (PsV) that carry only a reporter plasmid have been utilized in vivo to demonstrate cell internalization in mouse mucosal epithelium. The current study sought to expand the application of this HPV PsV challenge model with both oral and vaginal inoculation and to demonstrate its utility for testing vaccine-mediated dual-site immune protection against several HPV PsV types. We observed that passive transfer of sera from mice vaccinated with the novel experimental HPV prophylactic vaccine RG1-VLPs (virus-like particles) conferred HPV16-neutralizing as well as cross-neutralizing Abs against HPV39 in naïve recipient mice. Moreover, active vaccination with RG1-VLPs also conferred protection to challenge with either HPV16 or HPV39 PsVs at both vaginal and oral sites of mucosal inoculation. These data support the use of the HPV PsV challenge model as suitable for testing against diverse HPV types at two sites of challenge (vaginal vault and oral cavity) associated with the origin of the most common HPV-associated cancers, cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer.
Topics: Female; Mice; Animals; Humans; Antibodies, Viral; Papillomavirus Infections; Mouth Mucosa; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle; Vaccination; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Human papillomavirus 16
PubMed: 37270364
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.057 -
Archives of Oral Biology Apr 2024Periodontal bacteria can infiltrate the epithelium, activate signaling pathways, induce inflammation, and block natural killer and cytotoxic cells, all of which... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Periodontal bacteria can infiltrate the epithelium, activate signaling pathways, induce inflammation, and block natural killer and cytotoxic cells, all of which contribute to the vicious circle of carcinogenesis. It is unknown whether oral dysbiosis has an impact on the etiology or prognosis of OPMD.
AIMS
Within this paradigm, this work systemically investigated and reported on the composition of oral microbiota in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) versus healthy controls.
METHODS
Observational studies that reported next generation sequencing analysis of oral tissue or salivary samples and found at least three bacterial species were included. Identification, screening, citation analysis, and graphical synthesis were carried out.
RESULTS
For oral lichen planus (OLP), the bacteria with the highest abundance were Fusobacterium, Capnocytophaga, Gemella, Granulicatella, Porphyromonas, and Rothia; for oral leukoplakia (OLK), Prevotella. Streptococci levels in OLK and OLP were lower. The usage of alcohol or smoke had no effect on the outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
An increase in periodontal pathogenic bacteria could promote the development and exacerbation of lichen. Effective bacteriome-based biomarkers are worthy of further investigation and application, as are bacteriome-based treatments.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Precancerous Conditions; Leukoplakia, Oral; Lichen Planus, Oral; Bacteria; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38295615
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105891 -
Oral Diseases Nov 2023To systematically identify and summarise current research on the utility of confocal microscopy in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral epithelial dysplasia in oral... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically identify and summarise current research on the utility of confocal microscopy in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral epithelial dysplasia in oral potentially malignant disorders.
METHODS
Databases Medline, Embase, Evidence-Based Medicine, and Web of Science were searched with articles screened and included if their primary objective was the use of a confocal microscope in diagnosis of oral cancer or epithelial dysplasia, in vivo or ex vivo.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Twenty-eight relevant studies were identified of which 21 studies included oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens. Fifteen studies included in vivo use. The studies included both qualitative and fluorescence confocal microscope and reflectance confocal microscope analysis along with quantitative analysis of carcinoma and dysplasia. Thirteen studies reported the predictive value of their confocal device in the diagnosis of dysplasia and carcinoma. The quantitative software-based studies show promise in objectifying the diagnostic process for identifying abnormalities within the microstructure of the oral mucosa.
CONCLUSIONS
There was heterogeneity in the criteria for diagnosis of dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma with experience levels of assessors impacting method efficacy. Both qualitative and quantitative confocal assessment methodologies have been explored, the latter highlighting the potential of future machine-augmented diagnostic precision.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Mouth Diseases; Precancerous Conditions; Microscopy, Confocal; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 35765235
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14291 -
Oral Diseases Oct 2023This study aimed to analyse the clinical and histopathological characteristics of focal oral melanocytic lesions in a Brazilian reference service in Oral and...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to analyse the clinical and histopathological characteristics of focal oral melanocytic lesions in a Brazilian reference service in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted over an 18-year period. Demographic data and clinical features were collected from the archives, and all biopsy specimens diagnosed as oral melanocytic lesions were retrieved and reviewed.
RESULTS
We identified 339 melanocytic lesions. Of these, 191 were melanotic macules, 112 melanocytic nevi, 14 mucosal lentigo simplex, 12 melanomas, 9 solar lentigos, and 1 melanoacanthoma. Lesions occurred mostly in white-skinned (74.2%) women (65.2%). The main reported clinical aspect was the macule (67.4%), and the most affected site was the lip vermilion (25.4%), followed by the palate (22.9%). Melanomas were larger in size and were observed in older patients with an overall shorter time of onset. The most frequent subtypes of melanocytic nevi were intramucosal (44.6%), compound (24.1%), and blue nevus (20.5%). They showed a heterogeneous architectural pattern with the presence of the three cell types.
CONCLUSION
The most frequent lesions are melanotic macule and nevus, especially the intramucosal subtype. Patients are usually white-skinned women presenting a small, long-lasting, macular lesion on the lip vermilion or palate.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Cross-Sectional Studies; Nevus, Pigmented; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 36565435
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14482 -
Italian Journal of Dermatology and... Oct 2023The oral mucosa can be involved in a wide variety of mucocutaneous conditions that may present primarily in the mouth or affect other cutaneous or mucosal sites. Many of... (Review)
Review
The oral mucosa can be involved in a wide variety of mucocutaneous conditions that may present primarily in the mouth or affect other cutaneous or mucosal sites. Many of these conditions are immune mediated and typically present as inflammatory mucosal pathology. Patients experiencing such conditions usually seek medical evaluation and treatment due to the associated pain and discomfort and occasionally taste disturbance or dysphagia and the overall deterioration in the oral health-related quality of life. These conditions share some common features and there could be some overlapping in their clinical presentation, which can lead to delays in diagnosis and proper management of patients. Clinicians dealing with such disorders, including dermatologists, need to be aware of the oral manifestations of mucocutaneous conditions, their clinical features, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options, as well as the recent advances in the research on these conditions. This review provides a comprehensive, evidence-based reference for clinicians, with updated insights into a group of immune mediated conditions known to cause oral mucosal pathology. Part one will cover oral lichen planus, erythema multiforme and systemic lupus erythematosus, while part two will cover pemphigus vulgaris and mucous membrane pemphigoid, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, in addition to the less common disorders linear IgA disease, dermatitis herpetiformis and epidermolysis bullosa.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Diseases; Quality of Life; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Pemphigus
PubMed: 37916401
DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.23.07676-4 -
Cureus Nov 2023One of the most poorly recognized and inadequately managed diseases, oral submucous fibrosis progresses over time. Betel nut eating is the foremost cause of oral... (Review)
Review
One of the most poorly recognized and inadequately managed diseases, oral submucous fibrosis progresses over time. Betel nut eating is the foremost cause of oral submucous fibrosis. One such condition is oral submucous fibrosis, which is characterized by severe trismus, disability, and a higher risk of cancer. The mouth opening gradually decreases, which is related to difficulty eating, altered gustatory sensation, and mouth dryness, leading to decreased oral intake. The main and beginning signs include decreased mouth opening, pain, difficulty eating, dry mouth, and blanching of the buccal mucosa. This is treated first with medication, then with exercises for the mouth that a physiotherapist has recommended. However, the function of a physical therapist is not clearly defined. Physiotherapy may be used with other therapies to treat oral submucous fibrosis. Mouth-opening exercises, ultrasound, and other therapeutic interventions are available. This article tries to describe the kind of physical therapy that can be recommended for treating oral submucous fibrosis. It is crucial to understand pain management, physiotherapy management for grade III and IV oral submucous fibrosis various additional exercises, modalities and their ideal dose, and strategy for the long-term effect of the treatments to conduct further research.
PubMed: 38046698
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48155 -
Aging Aug 2023The majority of oral cancer is caused by malignant transformation of squamous cells in surface of the oral mucosa. However, the relationship between CEACAM1 and oral...
OBJECTIVE
The majority of oral cancer is caused by malignant transformation of squamous cells in surface of the oral mucosa. However, the relationship between CEACAM1 and oral cancer is unclear.
METHODS
GSE23558 and GSE25099 profiles were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) Network. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene expression heatmap, immune infiltration analysis, comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) were performed. TargetScan screened miRNAs that regulated central DEGs. Western blotting (WB) experiment was performed.
RESULTS
1269 DEGs were identified. According to GO analysis, they were mainly enriched in same protein binding, signal receptor binding, cell surface, epithelial cell development. KEGG analysis showed that they were mainly enriched in cancer pathways, PI3K Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NF kappa B signaling pathway, TGF beta signaling pathway. PPI network showed that 11 genes (CDCA8, CCNA2, MELK, KIF2C, CDC45, HMMR, TPX2, CENPF, CDK1, CEP55, CEACAM1) were obtained. Gene expression heatmap showed that CEP55 and MELK were highly expressed in oral cancer samples. CEACAM1 was lowly expressed in oral cancer samples. CEACAM1, CEP55 and MELK were involved in tumor, inflammation, necrosis, and proliferation. Western blotting (WB) showed that CEACAM1 in oral cancer samples was lower than that in normal samples, after CEACAM1 knockdown, it was lower than that in oral cancer samples.
CONCLUSION
CEACAM1 is lowly expressed in oral cancer, the lower CEACAM1, the worse prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Genes, cdc; Mouth Neoplasms; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Cycle Proteins; Transcription Factors; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 37589542
DOI: 10.18632/aging.204960