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Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... Dec 2023Moutan Cortex(MC) residues produced after the extraction of MC can be re-extracted for active components and used to produce organic fertilizer and animal feed. However,...
Moutan Cortex(MC) residues produced after the extraction of MC can be re-extracted for active components and used to produce organic fertilizer and animal feed. However, they are currently disposed as domestic waste, which pollutes the environment. This study analyzed the chemical composition of the medicinal material, residues, and residue compost of MC by UPLC-UV-Q-TOF-MS. Furthermore, the nutrient composition of MC residues and the residue compost was analyzed. The results showed that:(1)MC residues had lower content of chemicals than the medicinal material, and content of paeonol, gallic acid, and galloylglucose in MC residues were about 1/3 of that in the medicinal material. The content of chemicals were further reduced after residue composting, and the quantitative compounds were all below the limits of detection.(2)Compared with MC residues, the residue compost showed the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and organic matter content increasing by 122.67%, 31.32%, 120.39%, and 32.06%, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that the MC residues can be used to re-extract active compounds such as paeonol, gallic acid, and galloylglucose. The MC residue compost is a high-quality organic fertilizer containing minimal content of chemicals and can be widely used in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal herbs.
Topics: Animals; Composting; Fertilizers; Soil; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Nutrients; Acetophenones; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Paeonia
PubMed: 38211992
DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231017.102 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Oct 2023Periphyton is a ubiquitous niche in aquatic environments and can be a significant source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) production and leaching, especially in such...
Periphyton is a ubiquitous niche in aquatic environments and can be a significant source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) production and leaching, especially in such environment as the Everglades, a slow-water flow wetland in Florida, USA. We employed an array of methods, including compositional analysis, 3-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3-D EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses on the DOM produced by periphyton and DOM in surrounding surface water and periphyton overlying water for comparison purposes. Higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) contents in periphyton pore water than surface water and periphyton overlying water indicated the remarkable contribution from periphyton-produced DOM. Higher total protein, carbohydrate, and thiol contents in periphyton pore water than in surface water and periphyton overlying water underscored the possibility of periphyton pore water DOM leached from periphyton. These results agreed with 3-D EEM and ATR-FTIR analyses that showed the prevalence of possible microbial source of periphyton pore water DOM as indicated by higher fluorescence index (FI) than surface water and periphyton overlying water. Similarly, the size-fractionated DOM from surface water demonstrated terrestrial sources, and periphyton pore water demonstrated microbial sources regardless of their differences in size based on their FI values. The types of periphyton affect the production and composition of DOM, as evidenced by higher total protein, carbohydrate, and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) contents in floating mat on the water surface than in epiphyton attached to submerged phytoplankton, probably because the former is photo-synthetically more productive than the latter due to different light availability. This study provided fundamental information on periphyton DOM that is essential for further investigating its role in carbon cycle and its biogeochemistry.
Topics: Water; Dissolved Organic Matter; Periphyton; Organic Chemicals; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 37730981
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29461-1 -
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Jan 2024The bioaccumulation behavior, including the uptake, internal distribution, depuration, and biotransformation rates, of three widely used linear methyl-siloxanes was...
The bioaccumulation behavior, including the uptake, internal distribution, depuration, and biotransformation rates, of three widely used linear methyl-siloxanes was investigated in rainbow trout. Dietary uptake efficiencies of octamethyltrisiloxane (L3), decamethyltetrasiloxane (L4), and dodecamethylpentasiloxane (L5) were 15% (3.3% standard error [SE]), 8.6% (1.4% SE), and 15% (1.8% SE), respectively, and for L3 and L4 were well below those of nonmetabolizable reference chemicals with similar octanol-water partition coefficients, suggesting significant intestinal biotransformation of L3 and L4. Somatic biotransformation rate constants were 0.024 (0.003 SE) day for L3 and 0.0045 (0.0053 SE) day for L4 and could not be determined for L5. Lipid-normalized biomagnification factors for L3, L4, and L5 were 0.24 (0.02 SE), 0.24 (0.01 SE), and 0.62 (0.05 SE) kg-lipid kg-lipid , respectively. Bioconcentration factors standardized to a 5% lipid content fish for water in Canadian oligotrophic lakes with a dissolved organic carbon content of 7.1 mg L were 2787 (354 SE) for L3, 2689 (312 SE) for L4, and 1705 (418 SE) L kg-wet weight , respectively, and 3085 (392 SE) for L3, 4227 (490 SE) for L4, and 3831 (938 SE) L kg-wet weight in water with a dissolved organic carbon content of 2.0 mg L . A comparison of 238 bioaccumulation profiles for 166 different chemicals shows that the bioaccumulation profiles for L3, L4, and L5 are vastly different from those of other very hydrophobic compounds found in the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:42-51. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Topics: Animals; Bioaccumulation; Siloxanes; Dissolved Organic Matter; Canada; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water; Octanols
PubMed: 37818875
DOI: 10.1002/etc.5760 -
Bioresource Technology Jul 2023The organic acids of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway are important platform compounds and are widely used in many areas. The high-productivity strains and... (Review)
Review
The organic acids of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway are important platform compounds and are widely used in many areas. The high-productivity strains and high-efficient and low-cost fermentation are required to satisfy a huge market size. The high metabolic flux of the TCA pathway endows microorganisms potential to produce high titers of these organic acids. Coupled with metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization, the titer of the organic acids has been significantly improved in recent years. Herein, we discuss and compare the recent advances in synthetic pathway engineering, cofactor engineering, transporter engineering, and fermentation optimization strategies to maximize the biosynthesis of organic acids. Such engineering strategies were mainly based on the TCA pathway and glyoxylate pathway. Furthermore, organic-acid-secretion enhancement and renewable-substrate-based fermentation are often performed to assist the biosynthesis of organic acids. Further strategies are also discussed to construct high-productivity and acid-resistant strains for industrial large-scale production.
Topics: Metabolic Engineering; Fermentation; Citric Acid Cycle; Organic Chemicals
PubMed: 37001700
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128986 -
Journal of Environmental Management Dec 2023This study investigated methods for predicting the duration and impact on groundwater quality from persistent and mobile organic compounds (PMOCs) at a drinking water...
This study investigated methods for predicting the duration and impact on groundwater quality from persistent and mobile organic compounds (PMOCs) at a drinking water well field affected by multiple contaminant sources. The fungicide metabolite N,N-dimethylsulfamide (DMS), which frequently occurs above the Danish groundwater quality criterion (0.1 μg/L), was used as an example. By combining contaminant mass discharge (CMD) estimations, modeling, and groundwater dating, a number of important discoveries were made. The current center of contaminant mass was located near the source area. The CMD at the well field was predicted to peak in 2040, and an effect from the investigated sources on groundwater quality could be expected until the end of the 21 century. A discrepancy in the current CMD at the well field and the estimated arrival time from the studied source area suggested an additional pesticide source, which has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The presence of the unknown source was supported by model simulations, producing an improved mass balance after inclusion of a contaminant source closer to the well field. The approach applied here was capable of predicting the duration and impact of DMS contamination at a well field at catchment scale. It furthermore shows potential for identification and quantification of the contribution from individual sources, and is also applicable for other PMOCs. Predicting the duration of the release and impact of contaminant sources on abstraction wells is highly valuable for water resources management and authorities responsible for contaminant risk assessment, remediation, and long-term planning at water utilities.
Topics: Water Pollutants, Chemical; Groundwater; Organic Chemicals; Water Resources; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 37844396
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119199 -
Environmental Science & Technology Jul 2023In air-breathing organisms, an organic chemical's susceptibility to elimination via urinary excretion and respiratory exhalation can be judged on the basis of the...
In air-breathing organisms, an organic chemical's susceptibility to elimination via urinary excretion and respiratory exhalation can be judged on the basis of the octanol-water partition ratio () and the octanol-air partition ratio (), respectively. Current regulations specify that chemicals with values of <10 and values of <10 may be screened as non-bioaccumulative in air breathers. Here we used a model-based approach to evaluate whether these thresholds are consistent with a biomagnification factor of 1 for 141 different mammals, birds, and reptiles. Animals with lower rates of respiration (e.g., manatees and sloths) and those ingesting high-lipid diets (e.g., polar bears and carnivorous birds) were predicted to be able to biomagnify persistent chemicals with values of <10. This was also observed for several temperate reptiles due to their lower respiration rates and internal temperatures. Protective thresholds were determined to be <10 for mammals, <10 for birds, <10 for reptiles at >25 °C, and <10 for reptiles at ≤25 °C. For all animals, urination alone was not efficient to prevent the biomagnification of any organic chemical. For chemicals with values of <10, we found that biomagnification of persistent chemicals was constrained by the water-air partition ratio () rather than . Differences in physiology may need to be considered in bioaccumulation assessments of air-breathing species.
Topics: Animals; Bioaccumulation; Food Chain; Mammals; Organic Chemicals; Water; Octanols; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37450684
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09115 -
Organic cocatalysts improved Fenton and Fenton-like processes for water pollution control: A review.Chemosphere Apr 2024In recent times, organic compounds have been extensively utilized to mitigate the limitations associated with Fe(Ⅲ) reduction and the narrow pH range in Fenton and... (Review)
Review
In recent times, organic compounds have been extensively utilized to mitigate the limitations associated with Fe(Ⅲ) reduction and the narrow pH range in Fenton and Fenton-like processes, which have garnered considerable attention in relevant studies. This review presents the latest advancements in the comprehensive analysis and applications of organic agents as assistant/cocatalysts during Fenton/Fenton-like reactions for water pollution control. The primary focus includes the following: Firstly, the mechanism of organic co-catalytic reactions is introduced, encompassing both complexation and reduction aspects. Secondly, these organic compounds are classified into distinct categories based on their functional group structures and applications, namely polycarboxylates, aminopolycarboxylic acids, quinones, phenolic acids, humic substances, and sulfhydryl compounds, and their co-catalytic functions and mechanisms of each category are discussed in meticulous detail. Thirdly, a comprehensive comparison is conducted among various types of organic cocatalysts, considering their relative merits, cost implications, toxicity, and other pertinent factors. Finally, the review concludes by addressing the universal challenges and development prospects associated with organic co-catalytic systems. The overarching objective of this review is to provide insights into potential avenues for the future advancement of organic co-catalytic Fenton/Fenton-like reactions in the context of water purification.
Topics: Iron; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oxidation-Reduction; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Organic Chemicals; Water Pollution
PubMed: 38430936
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141581 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024An increasing body of research has demonstrated a correlation between pollutants from the environment and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the...
INTRODUCTION
An increasing body of research has demonstrated a correlation between pollutants from the environment and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the impact of volatile organic chemicals (VOC) on CVD remains unknown and needs further investigation.
OBJECTIVES
This study assessed whether exposure to VOC was associated with CVD in the general population.
METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted utilizing data from five survey cycles (2005-2006, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program. We analyzed the association between urinary VOC metabolites (VOCs) and participants by multiple logistic regression models, further Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression were performed for mixture exposure analysis.
RESULTS
Total VOCs were found to be positively linked with CVD in multivariable-adjusted models (p for trend = 0.025), independent of established CVD risk variables, such as hypertension, diabetes, drinking and smoking, and total cholesterol levels. Compared with the reference quartile of total VOCs levels, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios in increasing quartiles were 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-1.31], 1.26 (95% CI: 1.05-1.21) and 1.75 (95% CI: 1.36-1.64) for total CVD. Similar positive associations were found when considering individual VOCs, including AAMA, CEMA, CYMA, 2HPMA, 3HPMA, IPM3 and MHBMA3 (acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, isoprene, and 1,3-butadiene). In BKMR analysis, the overall effect of a mixture is significantly related to VOCs when all chemicals reach or exceed the 75th percentile. Moreover, in the WQS models, the most influential VOCs were found to be CEMA (40.30%), DHBMA (21.00%), and AMCC (19.70%).
CONCLUSION
The results of our study indicated that VOC was all found to have a significant association with CVD when comparing results from different models. These findings hold significant potential for public health implications and offer valuable insights for future research directions.
Topics: Humans; Volatile Organic Compounds; Nutrition Surveys; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Environmental Exposure; Risk Factors; Air Pollutants; United States; Aged
PubMed: 38846604
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1378444 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Sep 2023Many organic chemicals are present in aquatic environments, but how to screen and prioritize these chemicals has always been a difficult task. Here we investigated...
Many organic chemicals are present in aquatic environments, but how to screen and prioritize these chemicals has always been a difficult task. Here we investigated organic chemicals in the West River Basin by using a developed non-target identification workflow. A total of 957 chemicals were tentatively identified, with 96 assigned as high confidence levels by matching with reference standards, MassBank spectral library, and using CompTox Chemistry Dashboard database as the compound library for MetFrag. More pesticides and their transformation products (e.g., metolachlor ESA, acetochlor ESA, deethylatrazine, and hydroxyatrazine) were detected in the wet season due to the increasing usage. High detection of pharmaceutical and personal care products and their transformation products in the tributaries was linked to rural farming and human activities. Irbesartan that is used to treat high blood pressure was recognized in the river and positive correlations between some detected chemicals and irbesartan were observed, indicating a domestic wastewater source. Ecological risks of the identified chemicals were calculated by toxicological prioritization ranking schemes, and 24 chemicals showed high ToxPi scores in the river. The results from this study show the presence of a large number of emerging organic chemicals in our waterways, and demonstrated conceptual schemes for integrating risk assessment into a non-target screening workflow.
Topics: Humans; Environmental Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Rivers; Irbesartan; Organic Chemicals
PubMed: 37352960
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122098 -
Chemosphere Sep 2023Chemical transformations in mixed aerosols alter the particulate physical properties. Nitrates and water soluble dicarboxylic acids, such as malonic acid (MA), are major...
Chemical transformations in mixed aerosols alter the particulate physical properties. Nitrates and water soluble dicarboxylic acids, such as malonic acid (MA), are major components of ambient aerosol particles. Various metal ions such as, Na, Ca, Mg also become part of these complex aerosol systems during their atmospheric lifetime. Interactions among the co-existing ionic and molecular species govern the chemical changes in the aerosol particles. In this work, we provide a comparative account of the effect of metal ion identity (Na, Ca, Mg) on such chemical changes arising from ion-molecular interactions in NaNO-MA, Ca(NO)-MA and Mg(NO)-MA mixed inorganic-organic aerosols. In-situ micro-Raman spectroscopy has enabled us to gain molecular level insight on formation of organic salt and simultaneously estimate nitrate depletion in these mixed aerosols during different stages of their hygroscopic cycle. In addition to the nitrate depletion often reported during the drying phase, this study has brought to light an intriguing observation: depletion of nitrate in the humidification phase as well, a phenomenon that has hitherto remained undocumented. For the mixed systems studied here, the extent of nitrate depletion follows the order Mg-MA (58%) > Ca-MA (43%) > Na-MA (15%). The comparatively huge forward shift in the acid displacement reaction equilibrium for the systems, Ca-MA and Mg-MA is driven by complexation. Our results highlight the profound effect of ion-molecular interactions on the acid displacement reaction equilibria in aerosols.
Topics: Nitrates; Wettability; Malonates; Sodium; Organic Chemicals; Aerosols; Air Pollutants
PubMed: 37343644
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139260