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Journal of Veterinary Science Jan 2024Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a fatal disease worldwide. The treatment of CPE is based mainly on supportive and symptomatic treatment. Antiviral addition to the...
BACKGROUND
Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a fatal disease worldwide. The treatment of CPE is based mainly on supportive and symptomatic treatment. Antiviral addition to the treatment may result in a higher survival.
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the effects of antiviral treatments with a standardized treatment (ST) on the clinical and inflammatory response of dogs with naturally occurring CPE.
METHODS
Twenty-eight dogs with CPE caused by canine parvovirus type 2 were divided randomly into treatment groups. The ST group received fluid, antibiotic, antiemetic, and deworming treatments. The antiviral treatment groups received the same ST with an additional antiviral drug, recombinant feline interferon omega (rFeIFN-ω), oseltamivir (OSEL) or famciclovir (FAM).
RESULTS
Compared to the healthy control, the tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein values were high ( < 0.05) on day zero. At presentation, mild lymphopenia, neutropenia, and a high neutrophil to lymphocyte (LYM) ratio (NLR) were also observed. Adding rFeIFN-ω to the ST produced the best improvement in the clinical score with a decreased NLR, while leucocytes remained low and inflammatory markers stayed high on day three. The survival rates of the groups were 85.7% in ST+IFN, 71.4% in ST+OSEL, 71.4% in ST+FAM, and 57.1% in ST groups on day seven.
CONCLUSIONS
Antiviral drugs may be valuable in treating CPE to improve the clinical signs and survival. In addition, the decrease in NLR in favor of LYM may be an indicator of the early prognosis before the improvement of leukocytes, cytokines, and acute phase proteins in CPE.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Cats; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Canine; Oseltamivir; Antiviral Agents; Enteritis; Dog Diseases; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 38311324
DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23139 -
The American Journal of the Medical... Apr 2024Influenza infection is rarely associated with cardiac conduction disorder. Cardiac arrhythmias due to such an infection have a full spectrum with ventricular arrythmias...
BACKGROUND
Influenza infection is rarely associated with cardiac conduction disorder. Cardiac arrhythmias due to such an infection have a full spectrum with ventricular arrythmias being the most common.
METHODS
In our systematic review from PubMed, OVID Medline and EMBASE we have identified 23 articles describing arrythmias associated with different influenza infection. Most of them were case reports where ventricular arrhythmias were the most common.
RESULTS
Complete heart block after influenza infection is usually temporary and a permanent pacemaker is rarely needed. There are reports of Influenza associated with arrhythmias in adults, neonates, and even fetuses in pregnant woman. Different mechanisms were described in literatures by which influenza causes arrhythmias such as interleukin 6 & tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediated inflammatory response, sympathetic overactivation, focal myocarditis and cleavage of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 protein which is cardioprotective.
CONCLUSIONS
ACE 2 binder influenza viruses have more prone to be associated with cardiac conduction disorder. Oseltamivir for influenza infection is also associated with bradycardia and can shorten or lengthen QT segment. Influenza vaccination has found to be protective from cardiac arrhythmia.
Topics: Adult; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Influenza, Human; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bradycardia; Oseltamivir; Myocarditis
PubMed: 38185405
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.01.004 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Sep 2023To study the efficacy and safety of arbidol hydrochloride tablets as a treatment for influenza-like diseases. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To study the efficacy and safety of arbidol hydrochloride tablets as a treatment for influenza-like diseases.
METHODS
In this multicenter, randomized, controlled, open label study, a total of 412 influenza-like cases were collected from 14 hospitals in seven regions of Hebei Province from September 2021 to March 2022. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n = 207) were administered oseltamivir phosphate capsules for five days and the experimental group (n = 205) were administered arbidol hydrochloride tablets for five days. The primary endpoint was the time to normal body temperature, and the secondary endpoints included the time to remission of influenza symptoms, incidence of influenza-like complications, and incidence of adverse reactions.
RESULTS
Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups in general conditions, blood routine, body temperature, or symptom severity. After treatment, there was no significant difference between the groups in the mean time to fever remission (59.24 h ± 25.21 vs. 61.05 h ± 29.47) or the mean time to remission of influenza symptoms (57.31 h ± 30.19 vs. 62.02 h ± 32.08). Survival analyses using Log-rank and Wilcoxon bilateral tests showed that there was no significant difference in fever relief time or influenza symptom relief time between the two groups. Regarding the incidence of complications and adverse events, there was only one case of tracheitis, one case of nausea, one case of vomiting, and one case of dizziness in the control group. In the experimental group, there was one case of nausea, one case of vomiting, and one case of drowsiness. In addition, one patient in the control group was hospitalized for urinary calculi.
CONCLUSION
There was no significant difference between the patients with influenza-like cases treated with arbidol hydrochloride tablets and those treated with oseltamivir phosphate capsules. Further, the patients treated with arbidol hydrochloride tablets had fewer adverse reactions, and thus, the tablets were safe to use.
Topics: Humans; Capsules; Influenza, Human; Oseltamivir; Fever; Nausea; Tablets; Phosphates
PubMed: 37674112
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08570-9 -
JAMA Jun 2024
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Humans; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Disease Outbreaks; Influenza in Birds; Influenza, Human; Public Health; United States; Oseltamivir; Antiviral Agents; Red Meat; Milk; Food Supply; Food Quality; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Food Industry
PubMed: 38718040
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.8886 -
JAMA Internal Medicine Jan 2024
Meta-Analysis
Topics: Humans; Oseltamivir; Influenza, Human; Antiviral Agents; Hospitalization
PubMed: 37983045
DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.4708 -
Antiviral Research Sep 2023Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses that are responsible for devastating outbreaks in birds and mammals pose a potential threat to...
Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses that are responsible for devastating outbreaks in birds and mammals pose a potential threat to public health. Here, we evaluated their susceptibility to influenza antivirals. Of 1,015 sequences of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses collected in the United States during 2022, eight viruses (∼0.8%) had a molecular marker of drug resistance to an FDA-approved antiviral: three adamantane-resistant (M2-V27A), four oseltamivir-resistant (NA-H275Y), and one baloxavir-resistant (PA-I38T). Additionally, 31 viruses contained mutations that may reduce susceptibility to inhibitors of neuraminidase (NA) (n = 20) or cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) (n = 11). A panel of 22 representative viruses was tested phenotypically. Overall, clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) viruses lacking recognized resistance mutations were susceptible to FDA-approved antivirals. Oseltamivir was least potent at inhibiting NA activity, while the investigational NA inhibitor AV5080 was most potent, including against NA mutants. A novel NA substitution T438N conferred 12-fold reduced inhibition by zanamivir, and in combination with the known marker N295S, synergistically affected susceptibility to all five NA inhibitors. In cell culture-based assays HINT and IRINA, the PA-I38T virus displayed 75- to 108-fold and 37- to 78-fold reduced susceptibility to CEN inhibitors, baloxavir and the investigational AV5116, respectively. Viruses with PA-I38M or PA-A37T showed 5- to 10-fold reduced susceptibilities. As HPAI A(H5N1) viruses continue to circulate and evolve, close monitoring of drug susceptibility is needed for risk assessment and to inform decisions regarding antiviral stockpiling.
Topics: Animals; United States; Antiviral Agents; Oseltamivir; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Influenza in Birds; Enzyme Inhibitors; Birds; Mammals; Drug Resistance, Viral; Neuraminidase
PubMed: 37494978
DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105679 -
Case Reports in Pediatrics 2023Oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor used to treat acute influenza A or B in adult and pediatric patients. Adverse reactions are usually mild. Here, we report novel...
Oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor used to treat acute influenza A or B in adult and pediatric patients. Adverse reactions are usually mild. Here, we report novel side effects associated with oseltamivir. The patient was an 11-year-old girl who developed lower lip cheilitis and stomatitis, after taking oseltamivir. Her symptoms and signs resolved within 36 h of oseltamivir discontinuation. She has clinically fully recovered and has remained well.
PubMed: 38094904
DOI: 10.1155/2023/8618245 -
ACS Omega Nov 2023Drug failure during experimental procedures due to low bioactivity presents a significant challenge. To mitigate this risk and enhance compound bioactivities, predicting...
Drug failure during experimental procedures due to low bioactivity presents a significant challenge. To mitigate this risk and enhance compound bioactivities, predicting bioactivity classes during lead optimization is essential. The existing studies on structure-activity relationships have highlighted the connection between the chemical structures of compounds and their bioactivity. However, these studies often overlook the intricate relationship between drugs and bioactivity, which encompasses multiple factors beyond the chemical structure alone. To address this issue, we propose the BioAct-Het model, employing a heterogeneous siamese neural network to model the complex relationship between drugs and bioactivity classes, bringing them into a unified latent space. In particular, we introduce a novel representation for the bioactivity classes, called Bio-Prof, and enhance the original bioactivity data sets to tackle data scarcity. These innovative approaches resulted in our model outperforming the previous ones. The evaluation of BioAct-Het is conducted through three distinct strategies: association-based, bioactivity class-based, and compound-based. The association-based strategy utilizes supervised learning classification, while the bioactivity class-based strategy adopts a retrospective study evaluation approach. On the other hand, the compound-based strategy demonstrates similarities to the concept of meta-learning. Furthermore, the model's effectiveness in addressing real-world problems is analyzed through a case study on the application of vancomycin and oseltamivir for COVID-19 treatment as well as molnupiravir's potential efficacy in treating COVID-19 patients. The data and code underlying this article are available on https://github.com/CBRC-lab/BioAct-Het. However, data sets were derived from sources in the public domain.
PubMed: 38046344
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05778 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jul 2024The antiviral drugs favipiravir and oseltamivir are widely used to treat viral infections, including coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), and their levels are expected to...
The antiviral drugs favipiravir and oseltamivir are widely used to treat viral infections, including coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), and their levels are expected to increase in the aquatic environment. In this study, the potential toxic and teratogenic effects of these drugs were evaluated using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay Xenopus (FETAX). In addition, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase, carboxylesterase (CaE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities and malondialdehyde levels were measured as biochemical markers in embryos and tadpoles for comparative assessment of the sublethal effects of the test compounds. Prior to embryo exposure, drug concentrations in the exposure medium were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC) was 137.9 and 32.3 mg/L for favipiravir and oseltamivir, respectively. The teratogenic index for favipiravir was 4.67. Both favipiravir and oseltamivir inhibited GR, CaE, and AChE activities in embryos, while favipiravir increased the GST and CaE activities in tadpoles. In conclusion, favipiravir, for which teratogenicity data are available in mammalian test organisms and human teratogenicity is controversial, inhibited Xenopus laevis embryo development and was teratogenic. In addition, sublethal concentrations of both drugs altered the biochemical responses in embryos and tadpoles, with differences between the developmental stages.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Xenopus laevis; Oseltamivir; Embryonic Development; Amides; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Pyrazines; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; SARS-CoV-2; Larva; Teratogens; Carboxylesterase
PubMed: 38718506
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134462 -
Neurology India Jan 2024Infection is an important trigger of myasthenic crisis (MC), and those infections manifest with pneumonia and muscle involvement may result in more frequent MC. We...
Infection is an important trigger of myasthenic crisis (MC), and those infections manifest with pneumonia and muscle involvement may result in more frequent MC. We report two myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with H1N1 infection, and highlight the reasons for deterioration. Two patients with MG had H1N1 infection. The diagnosis of MG was confirmed by neostigmine, repetitive nerve stimulation, and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody tests. H1N1 was confirmed by nucleic acid detection study, and myositis by creatinine kinase. The patient with pneumonia and myositis had MC needing mechanical ventilation for 10 days, and the other patient without myositis did not have MC. They were treated with oseltamivir 75 mg twice daily for 5 days, and the patients with MC received ceftriaxone intravenously. Both the patients were on prednisolone and azathioprine, and none received prior H1N1 vaccination. The lady with MC with myositis was discharged on day 27 in wheelchair bound state, and the other one patient without myositis or MC was discharged on 6th day with full recovery. These patients highlight the need for evaluation for myositis along with pneumonia in the MG patients with H1N1 infection. Vaccination in MG patients on immunosuppression may be useful.
Topics: Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Myasthenia Gravis; Myositis; Neostigmine; Pneumonia
PubMed: 38443018
DOI: 10.4103/neuroindia.NI_482_19