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Biomaterials Research Aug 2023Various joint pathologies such as osteochondritis dissecans, osteonecrosis, rheumatic disease, and trauma, may result in severe damage of articular cartilage and other... (Review)
Review
Various joint pathologies such as osteochondritis dissecans, osteonecrosis, rheumatic disease, and trauma, may result in severe damage of articular cartilage and other joint structures, ranging from focal defects to osteoarthritis (OA). The osteochondral unit is one of the critical actors in this pathophysiological process. New approaches and applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine continue to drive the development of OA treatment. Hydrogel scaffolds, a component of tissue engineering, play an indispensable role in osteochondral regeneration. In this review, tissue engineering strategies regarding osteochondral regeneration were highlighted and summarized. The application of hydrogels for osteochondral regeneration within the last five years was evaluated with an emphasis on functionalized physical and chemical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, functionalized delivery hydrogel scaffolds as well as functionalized intelligent response hydrogel scaffolds. Lastly, to serve as guidance for future efforts in the creation of bioinspired hydrogel scaffolds, a succinct summary and new views for specific mechanisms, applications, and existing limitations of the newly designed functionalized hydrogel scaffolds were offered.
PubMed: 37542353
DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00411-9 -
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering Dec 2023Photo-cross-linked hydrogels, which respond to light and induce structural or morphological transitions, form a microenvironment that mimics the extracellular matrix of... (Review)
Review
Photo-cross-linked hydrogels, which respond to light and induce structural or morphological transitions, form a microenvironment that mimics the extracellular matrix of native tissue. In the last decades, photo-cross-linked hydrogels have been widely used in cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering due to their good biocompatibility, ease of fabrication, rapid in situ gel-forming ability, and tunable mechanical and degradable properties. In this review, we systemically summarize the different types and physicochemical properties of photo-cross-linked hydrogels (including the materials and photoinitiators) and explore the biological properties modulated through the incorporation of additives, including cells, biomolecules, genes, and nanomaterials, into photo-cross-linked hydrogels. Subsequently, we compile the applications of photo-cross-linked hydrogels with a specific focus on cartilage and osteochondral repair. Finally, current limitations and future perspectives of photo-cross-linked hydrogels are also discussed.
Topics: Hydrogels; Cartilage; Tissue Engineering; Extracellular Matrix
PubMed: 37956022
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01132 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Feb 2024Perfusion imaging is the aspect of functional imaging, which is most applicable to the musculoskeletal system. In this review, the anatomy and physiology of bone... (Review)
Review
Perfusion imaging is the aspect of functional imaging, which is most applicable to the musculoskeletal system. In this review, the anatomy and physiology of bone perfusion is briefly outlined as are the methods of acquiring perfusion data on MR imaging. The current clinical indications of perfusion related to the assessment of soft tissue and bone tumors, synovitis, osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis, Keinbock's disease, diabetic foot, osteochondritis dissecans, and Paget's disease of bone are reviewed. Challenges and opportunities related to perfusion imaging of the musculoskeletal system are also briefly addressed.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Osteonecrosis; Bone Neoplasms; Bone and Bones; Perfusion Imaging
PubMed: 38007280
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2023.07.004 -
Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and... Jul 2024Osteochondral lesions of the talus are a common sequelae of trauma and are often associated with ankle sprains and ankle fractures. Because the surface of the talus is... (Review)
Review
Osteochondral lesions of the talus are a common sequelae of trauma and are often associated with ankle sprains and ankle fractures. Because the surface of the talus is composed primarily of hyaline cartilage, the regenerative capacity of these injuries is limited. Therefore, several open and arthroscopic techniques have been described to treat osteochondral injuries of the talus and underlying bone marrow lesions. Throughout this review, these treatment options are discussed along with their indications and currently reported outcomes. A commentary on the authors' preferences among these techniques is also provided.
Topics: Humans; Talus; Arthroscopy; Cartilage, Articular; Ankle Injuries; Male; Female
PubMed: 38789163
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2024.01.004 -
Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics Jul 2023Ankle fractures are common musculoskeletal injuries that may result in tibiotalar joint dislocations. Ankle fracture-dislocations occur via similar mechanisms as ankle... (Review)
Review
Ankle fractures are common musculoskeletal injuries that may result in tibiotalar joint dislocations. Ankle fracture-dislocations occur via similar mechanisms as ankle fractures, although the persistence or magnitude of the deforming force is sufficient to disrupt any remaining bony or soft-tissue stability. Ankle fracture-dislocations likely represent distinct clinical entities, as the pathology, management, and patient outcomes following these injuries differ from those seen in more common ankle fractures without dislocation. Ankle fracture-dislocations have higher rates of concomitant injury including open fractures, chondral lesions, and intra-articular loose bodies. Long-term outcomes in ankle fracture-dislocations are worse than ankle fractures without dislocation. Higher rates of posttraumatic osteoarthritis and chronic pain have also been reported. In this review, we discuss the current literature regarding the history, management, and outcomes of ankle-fracture dislocations and highlight the need for future study.
PubMed: 37582190
DOI: 10.1177/24730114231195058 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Sep 2023Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease characterized by abnormal neurovascularization at the osteochondral junctions, the regulatory mechanisms of which remain poorly...
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease characterized by abnormal neurovascularization at the osteochondral junctions, the regulatory mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. In the present study, a murine osteoarthritic model with augmented neurovascularization at the osteochondral junction is used to examine this under-evaluated facet of degenerative joint dysfunction. Increased extracellular RNA (exRNA) content is identified in neurovascularized osteoarthritic joints. It is found that the amount of exRNA is positively correlated with the extent of neurovascularization and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In vitro binding assay and molecular docking demonstrate that synthetic RNAs bind to VEGF via electrostatic interactions. The RNA-VEGF complex promotes the migration and function of endothelial progenitor cells and trigeminal ganglion cells. The use of VEGF and VEGFR2 inhibitors significantly inhibits the amplification of the RNA-VEGF complex. Disruption of the RNA-VEGF complex by RNase and polyethyleneimine reduces its in vitro activities, as well as prevents excessive neurovascularization and osteochondral deterioration in vivo. The results of the present study suggest that exRNAs may be potential targets for regulating nerve and blood vessel ingrowth under physiological and pathological joint conditions.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Molecular Docking Simulation; Osteoarthritis; RNA
PubMed: 37395388
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301763 -
Exploration (Beijing, China) Aug 2023Repairing articular osteochondral defects present considerable challenges in self-repair due to the complex tissue structure and low proliferation of chondrocytes.... (Review)
Review
Repairing articular osteochondral defects present considerable challenges in self-repair due to the complex tissue structure and low proliferation of chondrocytes. Conventional clinical therapies have not shown significant efficacy, including microfracture, autologous/allograft osteochondral transplantation, and cell-based techniques. Therefore, tissue engineering has been widely explored in repairing osteochondral defects by leveraging the natural regenerative potential of biomaterials to control cell functions. However, osteochondral tissue is a gradient structure with a smooth transition from the cartilage to subchondral bone, involving changes in chondrocyte morphologies and phenotypes, extracellular matrix components, collagen type and orientation, and cytokines. Bioinspired scaffolds have been developed by simulating gradient characteristics in heterogeneous tissues, such as the pores, components, and osteochondrogenesis-inducing factors, to satisfy the anisotropic features of osteochondral matrices. Bioinspired gradient scaffolds repair osteochondral defects by altering the microenvironments of cell growth to induce osteochondrogenesis and promote the formation of osteochondral interfaces compared with homogeneous scaffolds. This review outlines the meaningful strategies for repairing osteochondral defects by tissue engineering based on gradient scaffolds and predicts the pros and cons of prospective translation into clinical practice.
PubMed: 37933242
DOI: 10.1002/EXP.20210043 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Nov 2023To review the research progress in the construction strategy and application of bone/cartilage immunomodulating hydrogels. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the research progress in the construction strategy and application of bone/cartilage immunomodulating hydrogels.
METHODS
The literature related to bone/cartilage immunomodulating hydrogels at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed and summarized from the immune response mechanism of different immune cells, the construction strategy of immunomodulating hydrogels, and their practical applications.
RESULTS
According to the immune response mechanism of different immune cells, the biological materials with immunoregulatory effect is designed, which can regulate the immune response of the body and thus promote the regeneration of bone/cartilage tissue. Immunomodulating hydrogels have good biocompatibility, adjustability, and multifunctionality. By regulating the physical and chemical properties of hydrogel and loading factors or cells, the immune system of the body can be purposively regulated, thus forming an immune microenvironment conducive to osteochondral regeneration.
CONCLUSION
Immunomodulating hydrogels can promote osteochondral repair by affecting the immunomodulation process of host organs or cells. It has shown a wide application prospect in the repair of osteochondral defects. However, more data support from basic and clinical experiments is needed for this material to further advance its clinical translation process.
Topics: Hydrogels; Cartilage; Bone and Bones; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 37987055
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202305081 -
Biomedicines Jan 2024The healing of osteochondral defects (OCDs) that result from injury, osteochondritis, or osteoarthritis and bear lesions in the cartilage and bone, pain, and loss of... (Review)
Review
The healing of osteochondral defects (OCDs) that result from injury, osteochondritis, or osteoarthritis and bear lesions in the cartilage and bone, pain, and loss of joint function in middle- and old-age individuals presents challenges to clinical practitioners because of non-regenerative cartilage and the limitations of current therapies. Bioactive peptide-based osteochondral (OC) tissue regeneration is becoming more popular because it does not have the immunogenicity, misfolding, or denaturation problems associated with original proteins. Periodically, reviews are published on the regeneration of bone and cartilage separately; however, none of them addressed the simultaneous healing of these tissues in the complicated heterogeneous environment of the osteochondral (OC) interface. As regulators of cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and antibacterial activity, potential therapeutic strategies for OCDs utilizing bone and cartilage-specific peptides should be examined and investigated. The main goal of this review was to study how they contribute to the healing of OCDs, either alone or in conjunction with other peptides and biomaterials.
PubMed: 38397915
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020313