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JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral... Nov 2023This study quantified the displacement of human milk by commercial human milk fortifiers (HMFs) and infant formulas.
BACKGROUND
This study quantified the displacement of human milk by commercial human milk fortifiers (HMFs) and infant formulas.
METHODS
Commercial liquid HMFs and powder infant formulas were added to pasteurized pooled donor human milk in triplicate, stirred, and weighed. The difference in weight between unfortified and fortified human milk at 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, and 30 kcal/ounce was calculated.
RESULTS
The displacement of human milk by liquid HMFs and powder infant formulas and powder HMF was highly associated with energy density. A human milk-derived HMF displaced significantly more human milk when compared with bovine milk-derived HMFs at equivalent energy densities. Similarly, powder infant formulas displaced less human milk when compared with a powder HMF, and the addition of hydrolyzed powder infant formulas resulted in less human milk displacement when compared with nonhydrolyzed powder infant formulas.
CONCLUSIONS
The displacement of human milk by commercial liquid HMFs and infant formulas must be considered when selecting a fortifying strategy.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Milk, Human; Powders; Dietary Supplements; Infant Formula
PubMed: 37488685
DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2553 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Oct 2023The application of nanomaterials in healthcare has emerged as a promising strategy due to their unique structural diversity, surface properties, and compositional... (Review)
Review
The application of nanomaterials in healthcare has emerged as a promising strategy due to their unique structural diversity, surface properties, and compositional diversity. In particular, nanomaterials have found a significant role in improving drug delivery and inhibiting the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted their potential in modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhancing the activity of immune cells to improve tumor therapy efficacy. Various types of nanomaterials are currently utilized as drug carriers, immunosuppressants, immune activators, immunoassay reagents, and more for tumor immunotherapy. Necessarily, nanomaterials used for tumor immunotherapy can be grouped into two categories: organic and inorganic nanomaterials. Though both have shown the ability to achieve the purpose of tumor immunotherapy, their composition and structural properties result in differences in their mechanisms and modes of action. Organic nanomaterials can be further divided into organic polymers, cell membranes, nanoemulsion-modified, and hydrogel forms. At the same time, inorganic nanomaterials can be broadly classified as nonmetallic and metallic nanomaterials. The current work aims to explore the mechanisms of action of these different types of nanomaterials and their prospects for promoting tumor immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Carriers; Nanostructures; Immunotherapy; Tumor Microenvironment; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37539730
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300882 -
The Journal of Nutrition Oct 2023Nuts are energy-dense, high-fat foods, and whether nut consumption influences mortality risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear.
BACKGROUND
Nuts are energy-dense, high-fat foods, and whether nut consumption influences mortality risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the associations of nut consumption with all-cause mortality among adults with T2D and to further explore the potential mediation effects of cardiometabolic biomarkers.
METHODS
The current analysis included 5090 US participants with T2D from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2014). Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
After 35,632 person-y of follow-up, 1174 deaths were documented. Higher nut consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality among individuals with T2D. After multivariable adjustment including lifestyles and dietary factors, diabetes duration, and glycated hemoglobin, compared with participants who did not consume nuts, the HR (95% CI) for those who consumed nuts over 3.5 ounce equivalent (oz.eq)/wk was 0.64 (0.50, 0.82; P-trend < 0.001) for all-cause mortality. A linear dose-response relationship was observed between nut consumption and all-cause mortality among individuals with T2D (P=0.004, P=0.35). In substitution analyses, replacing one serving of red and processed meat, refined grains, eggs, and dairy foods with one serving of nuts was associated with a 18% to 22% lower risk of all-cause mortality. In addition, mediation analysis suggested that C-reactive protein and γ-glutamine transaminase explained 6.7% and 9.1% of the relationship between nut consumption with all-cause mortality, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher nut consumption was significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality among individuals with T2D. These findings indicate a potential benefit of nut consumption in the prevention of premature death among individuals with T2D.
PubMed: 37543215
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.004 -
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Nov 2023Cryotherapy using ice chips has been successfully used to prevent chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Although effective, concerns have been raised that the low...
BACKGROUND
Cryotherapy using ice chips has been successfully used to prevent chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Although effective, concerns have been raised that the low temperatures that are obtained in the oral mucosa during cooling may be potentially harmful to taste and smell perception. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether intraoral cooling permanently affects taste and smell perception.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Twenty subjects inserted an ounce of ice chips and moved the ice around in the mouth to cool as large a part of the oral mucosa as possible. Cooling continued for 60 min. At baseline (T0 - minutes), and following 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of cooling, taste and smell perception were registered, using the Numeric Rating Scale. The same procedures were repeated 15 min (T75 - minutes) after completion of cooling. Taste and smell were evaluated using four different solutions and a fragrance, respectively.
RESULTS
A statistically significant difference was seen for taste perception with Sodium chloride, Sucrose, and Quinine at all the follow-up time points tested as compared to baseline ( < .05). Citric acid and smell perception proved to be significantly different from baseline following 30 min of cooling. When the same assessments were carried out 15 min following completion of cooling, i.e. T75, all taste and smell perceptions had recovered to some extent. For taste perception, however, a statistically significant difference was still seen for all solutions tested as compared to baseline ( < .01).
CONCLUSION
In healthy individuals, intraoral cooling with IC leads to a temporary reduction in taste and smell perception, with a tendency to return to baseline values.
PubMed: 37339460
DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2023.2223643 -
Netherlands Heart Journal : Monthly... Jan 2024
PubMed: 38085508
DOI: 10.1007/s12471-023-01839-3 -
Food & Function Feb 2024Osteoporosis, a condition that is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), is a serious health concern worldwide. This study aims to explore the relationship...
Osteoporosis, a condition that is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), is a serious health concern worldwide. This study aims to explore the relationship between whole egg consumption and BMD levels in the US population. This study involves 19 208 participants with valid BMD and egg consumption data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2005-2006, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2013-2014 and 2017-2018. Linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between whole egg consumption and BMD levels. Mediation analysis was used to investigate the role of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the above relationship. After multivariate adjustment, participants consuming whole eggs over 3.53 ounce per day in their diet were found to have elevated BMD levels in the femur (0.013 g cm with 95% CI: 0.004, 0.022) and lumbar spine (0.013 g cm with 95% CI: 0.002, 0.024) ( < 0.05). The additive interaction of egg consumption and body mass index (BMI) on the BMD of both the femur and lumbar spine ( < 0.05) was also analyzed. The association between whole egg consumption and BMD of both the femur and lumbar spine were significantly mediated by ALP with 71.8% and 83.3% mediation proportion, respectively. In general, higher whole egg consumption is positively related to an increase in the BMD scores of both the femur and lumbar spine among the US population.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density; Nutrition Surveys; Absorptiometry, Photon; Cross-Sectional Studies; Femur Neck; Lumbar Vertebrae
PubMed: 38206082
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04248k -
JAMA Network Open Jul 2023Taxes on sweetened beverages are being implemented around the globe; an understanding of these taxes on individual-level behavior is necessary.
IMPORTANCE
Taxes on sweetened beverages are being implemented around the globe; an understanding of these taxes on individual-level behavior is necessary.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the degree to which the sweetened beverage tax in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was associated with changes in beverage prices and individual-level purchasing over time at a national pharmacy chain in Philadelphia compared with Baltimore, Maryland.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Using a difference-in-differences approach and generalized linear mixed models, this cohort study examined beverage purchases made by loyalty cardholders at a national chain pharmacy retailer with stores in Philadelphia and Baltimore (control city) from before tax to after tax. Beverage sales (in US dollars) were linked by unique loyalty card numbers to enable longitudinal analyses. Data were collected from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017 (2 years before tax and 1 year after tax); data analyses were conducted from January through October 2022.
EXPOSURE
Implementation of Philadelphia's 1.5 cents/oz tax on sweetened beverages.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The outcomes were the change in mean beverage price per-ounce and mean beverage volume purchased per cardholder transaction. Individual-level point-of-sale scanner data from all beverage purchases were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 1188 unique beverages were purchased from the same stores before tax and after tax. There were 231 065 unique cardholders in Philadelphia and 82 517 in Baltimore. Mean prices of taxed beverages (n = 2 094 220) increased by 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3-2.0) cents/oz (106.7% pass-through) in Philadelphia compared with Baltimore from before tax to after tax. Philadelphia cardholders purchased 7.8% (95% CI -8.1% to -7.5%) fewer ounces of taxed beverages and 1.1% (95% CI, 0.6%-1.7%) more ounces of nontaxed beverages per transaction. Taxed beverages made up a smaller percentage of cardholders' overall beverage purchases after tax (-13.4% [95% CI, -14.2% to -12.6%]), while nontaxed beverages made up a larger share (9.3% [95% CI, 7.7%-10.7%]).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this longitudinal cohort study of the Philadelphia beverage tax, the tax was completely passed through to prices and was associated with a 7.8% decline in ounces of taxed beverages purchased at a national pharmacy chain.
Topics: Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Philadelphia; Cohort Studies; Beverages; Taxes; Pharmacy
PubMed: 37440231
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.23200 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Fellowships and Scholarships; COVID-19
PubMed: 38267210
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad788 -
European Journal of Nutrition Sep 2023To assess the association between nut and seed consumption, both combined and separately, and metabolic syndrome and its components, including fasting glucose,...
PURPOSE
To assess the association between nut and seed consumption, both combined and separately, and metabolic syndrome and its components, including fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, central obesity, and blood pressure.
METHODS
This cross-sectional analysis used data from 22,687 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) involved in seven cycles (2005-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Habitual nut and seed intakes were estimated by the Multiple Source Method using data from two 24-h dietary recalls. Metabolic syndrome was ascertained using biochemical data and self-reported medication use. Sex-specific effect estimates were obtained using logistic and linear regressions adjusting for lifestyle and socioeconomic confounders.
RESULTS
Compared to non-consumers, female, but not male, habitual consumers of either nuts or seeds had lower odds of having metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.71, 0.97). Both nut intake alone and seed intake alone were inversely associated with high fasting glucose and low HDL-cholesterol in females compared to non-consumers. When restricted to habitual consumers only, the combined intake of nuts and seeds at 6 g/day was associated with the lowest triglycerides and highest HDL-cholesterol in females. Combined consumption of nuts and seeds up to one ounce-equivalent (15 g) per day, but not in higher intake levels, was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome, high fasting glucose, central obesity, and low HDL-cholesterol in females.
CONCLUSIONS
Nut and seed consumption, both separately or combined, below 15 g/day was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and its component conditions in females but not males.
Topics: Adult; Male; Humans; Female; Metabolic Syndrome; Nutrition Surveys; Nuts; Obesity, Abdominal; Cross-Sectional Studies; Obesity; Diet; Triglycerides; Seeds; Cholesterol, HDL; Glucose
PubMed: 37115204
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03157-1 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Heart-Assist Devices; Prosthesis-Related Infections
PubMed: 34952704
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.12.019