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Current Oncology Reports Aug 2023The current panorama of measurement tools for use in cancer rehabilitation is reviewed. For rehabilitation purposes, evaluating function is of the highest priority. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The current panorama of measurement tools for use in cancer rehabilitation is reviewed. For rehabilitation purposes, evaluating function is of the highest priority.
RECENT FINDINGS
From a patient-reported outcome (PRO) standpoint, SF-36 and EORTC-QLQ-C30 are in most common use in cancer rehabilitation research; these are quality of life measures that contain functional subdomains. Newer tools which are based on item response theory and have options for both computer assisted or short form (SF) administration, including the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and Activity Measure for Post-acute Care (AMPAC) instruments, show increasing use, especially PROMIS Physical Function SF, and, recently, PROMIS Cancer Function Brief 3D, which has been validated in the cancer population, with domains of physical function, fatigue, and social participation, to track clinical rehabilitation outcomes. Evaluating objective measures of function in cancer patients is also crucial. Utilization of clinically feasible tools for cancer rehabilitation, to employ for both screening purposes and for monitoring of rehabilitation treatment efficacy, is an evolving area, much needed to promote further research and improved, consistent clinical care for cancer patients and survivors.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Benchmarking; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Treatment Outcome; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37148415
DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01412-6 -
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 2023The global prevalence of substance abuse and mental disorders continues to challenge healthcare systems, with one in eight individuals affected. The therapeutic...
The global prevalence of substance abuse and mental disorders continues to challenge healthcare systems, with one in eight individuals affected. The therapeutic potential of psychedelics is recognized not only for treating mental disorders but also for enhancing well-being and promoting pro-social behaviors. Conventional biomedical research models fall short in addressing the broader health needs of populations and poorly suited for overcoming barriers to service delivery. This special issue includes six articles that explore alternative approaches to psychedelic research and practice, emphasizing collaboration with diverse actors, including indigenous communities, and incorporating traditional knowledge systems into contemporary psychedelic research. They underscore the need for innovative research methods that engage multidisciplinary approaches while promoting culturally relevant outcome measures. They emphasize the importance of shifting from punitive drug policies to those grounded in public health and human rights, allowing for multi-country studies and the development of evidence-based care models for community mental health. Incorporating traditional knowledge and community-based methodologies into psychedelic science is vital for its evolution beyond biomedical research for widespread dissemination, offering new avenues for improved health outcomes and promotion of human flourishing.
Topics: Humans; Hallucinogens; Delivery of Health Care; Substance-Related Disorders; Biomedical Research; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 37842876
DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2268610 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Reproductive Medicine; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Clinical Protocols
PubMed: 37952324
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102424 -
JAMA Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Editorial Policies; Medicine; Patient-Centered Care; Artificial Intelligence; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Quality of Health Care; Health Equity
PubMed: 37566406
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.15481 -
The Journal of Surgical Research Nov 2023Low levels of health literacy have been shown to increase healthcare utilization and negatively affect health outcomes within medical specialties. However, the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Low levels of health literacy have been shown to increase healthcare utilization and negatively affect health outcomes within medical specialties. However, the relationship of health literacy with clinical, patient-centered, and process-oriented surgical outcomes is not as well understood.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We sought to systematically review the current evidence base regarding the relationship between health literacy and a range of outcomes in patients experiencing surgical care. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched six databases and then identified and extracted data from 25 cross-sectional or cohort studies deemed eligible for a systematic review.
RESULTS
Among included studies, strong evidence exists to support an association between low health literacy and worse patient-centered outcomes, as well as an association between low health literacy and poorer process-oriented surgical outcomes. However, the relationship between health literacy and clinical outcomes remains unclear.
CONCLUSIONS
Substantial opportunities remain to improve our understanding of the impact of health literacy on surgical outcomes. Future work should expand the range of institutional and specialized surgical settings studied, implement a standardized set of validated health literacy assessment tools, include more diverse patient populations, and investigate a comprehensive range of patient-reported outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Health Literacy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Delivery of Health Care; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37572516
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.06.044 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2023Improving diet quality while simultaneously maintaining planetary health is of critical interest globally. Despite the shared motivation, advancement remains slow, and... (Review)
Review
Improving diet quality while simultaneously maintaining planetary health is of critical interest globally. Despite the shared motivation, advancement remains slow, and the research community continues to operate in silos, focusing on certain pairings (diet-climate), or with a discipline-specific lens of a sustainable diet, rather than examining their totality. This review aimed to summarize the literature on adherence to a priori defined dietary patterns in consideration of diet quality, metabolic risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), environmental impacts, and affordability. A methodology using PRISMA guidelines was followed, and searches were performed in 7 databases as of October 2022. The Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool for observational cohort studies were employed for quality appraisal. The evidence was narratively synthesized according to the characteristics of the diet quality metrics. The review includes 24 studies published between 2017-2023. Thirteen distinct diet quality scores were identified, with those measuring adherence to national dietary guidelines the most reported. Thirteen distinct environmental impact indicators were identified, with greenhouse gas emissions (n=23) reported most. All studies reported on body mass index, and 7 studies assessed the cost of adherence. Our results are consistent with previous findings that healthier diets can reduce environmental impacts; however, incongruities between population and planetary health can occur. Hence, the "sustainability" of dietary patterns is dependent on the choice of indicators selected. Further, healthy, lower impact diets can increase financial cost, but may also provide a protective role against the risk of obesity. Given the Global Syndemic, strategies to reduce obesity prevalence should emphasize the win-win opportunities for population and planetary health through dietary change. Research should identify diets that address multiple environmental concerns to curtail burdens potentially transferring, and harmonize this with sociocultural and equity dimensions. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021238055.
Topics: United States; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Obesity; Costs and Cost Analysis; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 37532100
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.007 -
Medical Care Jul 2023Patients are increasingly interested in data on the economic burdens and impacts of health care choices; caregivers, employers, and payers are also interested in these...
BACKGROUND
Patients are increasingly interested in data on the economic burdens and impacts of health care choices; caregivers, employers, and payers are also interested in these costs. Although there have been various federal investments into patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR), an assessment of the coverage and gaps in federally funded data for PCOR economic evaluations has not been produced to date.
OBJECTIVES
To classify relevant categories of PCOR economic costs, to assess current federally funded data for coverage of these categories, and to identify gaps for future research and collection.
RESEARCH DESIGN
A targeted internet search was conducted to identify a list of relevant outcomes and data sources. The study team assessed data sources for coverage of economic outcomes. A technical panel and key informant interviews were used for evaluation and feedback.
RESULTS
Four types of formal health care sector costs, 3 types of informal health care sector costs, and 10 types of non-health care sector costs were identified as relevant for PCOR economic evaluations. Twenty-nine federally funded data sources were identified. Most contained elements on formal costs. Data on informal costs (eg, transportation) were less common, and non-health care sector costs (eg, productivity) were the least common. Most data sources were annual, cross-sectional, nationally representative individual-level surveys.
CONCLUSIONS
The existing federal data infrastructure captures many areas of the economic burden of health and health care, but gaps remain. Research from multiple data sources and potential future integrations may offset gaps in individual data sources. Linkages are promising strategies for future research on patient-centered economic outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Patient Outcome Assessment; Delivery of Health Care; Caregivers; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 37219065
DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001862 -
PloS One 2023Neonatal sepsis is a serious public health problem; however, there is substantial heterogeneity in the outcomes measured and reported in research evaluating the...
Neonatal sepsis is a serious public health problem; however, there is substantial heterogeneity in the outcomes measured and reported in research evaluating the effectiveness of the treatments. Therefore, we aim to develop a Core Outcome Set (COS) for studies evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for neonatal sepsis. Since a systematic review of key outcomes from randomised trials of therapeutic interventions in neonatal sepsis was published recently, we will complement this with a qualitative systematic review of the key outcomes of neonatal sepsis identified by parents, other family members, parent representatives, healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers. We will interpret the outcomes of both studies using a previously established framework. Stakeholders across three different groups i.e., (1) researchers, (2) healthcare providers, and (3) patients' parents/family members and parent representatives will rate the importance of the outcomes in an online Real-Time Delphi Survey. Afterwards, consensus meetings will be held to agree on the final COS through online discussions with key stakeholders. This COS is expected to minimize outcome heterogeneity in measurements and publications, improve comparability and synthesis, and decrease research waste.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Neonatal Sepsis; Research Design; Delphi Technique; Consensus; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Treatment Outcome; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 38051733
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295325 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Aug 2023To assess which potential future outcomes are most important to parents of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a disease that affects future respiratory, medical,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To assess which potential future outcomes are most important to parents of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a disease that affects future respiratory, medical, and developmental outcomes for children born preterm.
STUDY DESIGN
We recruited parents from 2 children's hospitals' neonatal follow-up clinics and elicited their importance rating for 20 different potential future outcomes associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. These outcomes were identified and selected through a literature review and discussions with panels of parents and clinician stakeholders, via a discrete choice experiment.
RESULTS
One hundred and 5 parents participated. Overall, parents ranked "Will my child be more vulnerable to other problems because of having lung disease?" as the most important outcome, with other respiratory health related outcomes also highly ranked. Outcomes related to child development and effects on the family were among the lowest ranked. Individually, parents rated outcomes differently, resulting in a broad distribution of importance scores for many of the outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
The overall rankings suggest that parents prioritize future outcomes related to physical health and safety. Notably, for guiding research, some top-rated outcomes are not traditionally measured in outcome studies. For guiding individual counseling, the broad distribution of importance scores for many outcomes highlights the extent to which parents differ in their prioritization of outcomes.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Child; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Parents; Child Development; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 37172804
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113455 -
Yearbook of Medical Informatics Aug 2023To give an overview of recent research and propose a selection of best papers published in 2022 in Informatics for One Health. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To give an overview of recent research and propose a selection of best papers published in 2022 in Informatics for One Health.
METHODS
An extensive search using PubMed and Web of Science was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles published between December 2021 and December 2022, in order to find relevant publications in the 'Informatics for One Health' field. The selection process comprised three steps: (i) eight candidate best papers were first selected by the two section editors; (ii) external reviewers from internationally renowned research teams reviewed each candidate best paper; and (iii) the editorial committee of the Yearbook conducted the final best paper selection.
RESULTS
The candidate best papers represent studies that characterized significant challenges facing Informatics for One Health. Other trends of interest related to the deployment of medical artificial intelligence tools and the implementation of the FAIR principles within the One Health broad scenario. In general, papers identified in the search fell into one of the following categories: 1) Health improvement via digital technology; 2) Climate change/Environment/Biodiversity; and 3) Maturity of healthcare services.
CONCLUSION
The topic turns extremely important in the next future for what concerns the need to understand complex interactions in order to safeguard the health of populations and ecosystems.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Digital Technology; Ecosystem; Medical Informatics; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 38147852
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768753