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Scientific Reports Jul 2023PCOS is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalances and metabolic disturbances. This study explores the...
PCOS is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalances and metabolic disturbances. This study explores the correlation between gut microbial β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase and PCOS, focusing on their association with hormone levels and other clinical parameters. In this case-control study, fecal samples were collected from women of reproductive age, both with and without PCOS. The analysis of gut β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase enzymes was conducted with the other clinical parameters, including body mass index, hormone levels, and hirsutism. These factors were then subjected to correlation analysis. PCOS women showed significantly higher levels of β-glucuronidase activity with a statistically significant P-value (0.05 ± 0.1 vs. 0.04 ± 0.1; P = 0.006) as well as β-glucosidase activity (0.13 ± 0.08 vs. 0.09 ± 0.05; P = 0.06) compared to the controls. This study also revealed intriguing connections between the selected enzymes and hormone levels, particularly testosterone and estradiol. Gut microbial enzymes β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase may be used as biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of PCOS in women with metabolic challenges. It could lead to improved diagnostic tools and treatment options.
Topics: Female; Humans; Glucuronidase; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Case-Control Studies; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; beta-Glucosidase; Estradiol
PubMed: 37488157
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39168-5 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Dec 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder that is common in women of reproductive age. The clinical features of PCOS include...
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder that is common in women of reproductive age. The clinical features of PCOS include hyperandrogenemia and polycystic ovarian changes. Bailing capsule (BL), a proprietary Chinese medicine that contains fermented Cordyceps sinensis powder, has been applied to treat PCOS. However, the specific active ingredients of BL and its mechanisms of action are yet to be elucidated.
METHODS
Initially, the effectiveness of BL on PCOS model mice was evaluated. Subsequently, the active ingredients of BL were searched in the TCMSP and TCM Systems Pharmacology databases, and their targets were predicted using Swiss Target Prediction and SEA databases. Furthermore, the GEO gene database was used to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to PCOS. Data from Gene Card, OMIM, DDT, and Drugbank databases were then combined to establish a PCOS disease gene library. Cross targets were imported into the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction network. In addition, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed using Metascape and DAVID databases and visualized using Cytoscape software and R 4.2.3. The core targets were docked with SYBYL-X software, and their expressions in PCOS mice were further verified using qPCR.
RESULTS
The core active ingredients of BL were identified to be linoleyl acetate, cholesteryl palmitate, arachidonic acid, among others. Microarray data sets from four groups containing disease and normal samples were obtained from the GEO database. A total of 491 DEGs and 106 drug-disease cross genes were selected. Estrous cycle and ovarian lesions were found to be improved in PCOS model mice following BL treatment. While the levels of testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin decreased, that of estradiol increased. qPCR findings indicated that the expressions of JAK2, PPARG, PI3K, and AKT1 were upregulated, whereas those of ESR1 and IRS1 were downregulated in PCOS model mice. After the administration of BL, the expressions of associated genes were regulated. This study demonstrated that BL exerted anti-PCOS effects via PIK3CA, ESR1, AKT, PPARG, and IRS1 targets affecting PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
DISCUSSION
This research clarified the multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel action of BL and provided a theoretical reference for further investigations on its pharmacological basis and molecular mechanisms against PCOS.
Topics: Female; Humans; Animals; Mice; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Network Pharmacology; Ovarian Cysts; PPAR gamma; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Ovarian Neoplasms; Computational Biology
PubMed: 38102584
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04280-6 -
International Journal of Adolescent... Aug 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted hormonal disorder that has significant ramifications for both women's reproductive and metabolic well-being. This... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted hormonal disorder that has significant ramifications for both women's reproductive and metabolic well-being. This analysis aims to offer a thorough comprehension of PCOS by investigating the various contributing factors that are crucial for its effective management. We delve into the topic of hormonal imbalances, such as elevated androgens and disrupted estrogen-progesterone dynamics, and their effects on reproductive and metabolic health. Furthermore, we explore the intricate connection between insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and PCOS, highlighting their pivotal role in metabolic dysfunction. Additionally, we examine fertility challenges, irregular menstrual patterns, and metabolic complications while also reviewing current treatment methodologies. Moreover, we address the latest research concerning genetic, environmental, and epigenetic influences on PCOS. By piecing together these essential elements, healthcare professionals can attain a comprehensive understanding of PCOS and deliver optimal care for those affected by the condition.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Health Personnel; Insulin Resistance
PubMed: 37596861
DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2023-0102 -
Pediatrics May 2024Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is common among females, with significant metabolic and reproductive comorbidities. We describe PCOS development in a pediatric...
OBJECTIVE
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is common among females, with significant metabolic and reproductive comorbidities. We describe PCOS development in a pediatric population.
METHODS
We assessed cardiometabolic biomarkers and adiposity at the midchildhood (mean 7.9 y), early teen (mean 13.1 y), and midteen (mean 17.8 y) visits among 417 females in the prospective Project Viva cohort. We defined PCOS via self-reported diagnosis or ovulatory dysfunction with hyperandrogenism in midlate adolescence. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations of metabolic and adiposity markers at each visit with PCOS.
RESULTS
Adolescents with PCOS (n = 56, 13%) versus without had higher mean (SD) BMI z-score and truncal fat mass at the midchildhood (0.66 [0.99] vs 0.30 [1.04]; 3.5 kg [2.6] vs 2.7 [1.5]), early teen (0.88 [1.01] vs 0.25 [1.08]; 9.4 kg [6.7] vs 6.1 [3.4]), and midteen (0.78 [1.03] vs 0.33 [0.97]; 11.6 kg [7.2] vs 9.1 [4.9]) visits as well as lower adiponectin to leptin ratio at the early (0.65 [0.69] vs 1.04 [0.97]) and midteen (0.33 [0.26] vs 0.75 [1.21]) visits. In models adjusted for maternal PCOS, education and child race and ethnicity (social factors), we found higher odds of PCOS per 1-SD increase in truncal fat at midchildhood (odds ratio [OR] 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.95) and early teen visits (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.14-2.28) and lower odds per 1-SD increase in adiponectin/leptin ratio at the midteen visit (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03-0.58).
CONCLUSIONS
Childhood excess adiposity and adipose tissue dysfunction may be a first signs of later PCOS risk.
Topics: Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Female; Adolescent; Adiposity; Child; Biomarkers; Prospective Studies; Adiponectin; Leptin; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38634159
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-064894 -
Genes Sep 2023Corpus luteum cysts are a serious reproductive disorder that affects the reproductive performance of sows. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome datasets of...
Corpus luteum cysts are a serious reproductive disorder that affects the reproductive performance of sows. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome datasets of porcine normal and cyst luteal granulosa cells were generated to explore the molecular mechanism of luteal cyst formation. We obtained 28.9 Gb of high-quality transcriptome data from luteum tissue samples and identified 1048 significantly differentially expressed genes between the cyst and normal corpus luteum samples. Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in cancer and immune signaling pathways. Furthermore, 22,622 information-containing positive and negative ions were obtained through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 1106 metabolites were successfully annotated. Important differentially abundant metabolites and pathways were identified, among which abnormal lipid and choline metabolism were involved in the formation of luteal cysts. The relationships between granulosa cells of luteal cysts and cancer, immune-related signaling pathways, and abnormalities of lipid and choline metabolism were elaborated, providing new entry points for studying the pathogenesis of porcine luteal cysts.
Topics: Humans; Female; Animals; Swine; Transcriptome; Ovarian Cysts; Metabolome; Choline; Lipids
PubMed: 37895197
DOI: 10.3390/genes14101848 -
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Aug 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine gynecological disorder, and the specific pathogenesis of PCOS has not been elucidated. Obesity is a current major... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine gynecological disorder, and the specific pathogenesis of PCOS has not been elucidated. Obesity is a current major public health problem, which is also vital to PCOS. It can exacerbate PCOS symptoms via insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia. The treatment of PCOS patients depends on the prevailing symptoms. Lifestyle interventions and weight loss remain first-line treatments for women with PCOS. The gut microbiota, which is a current research hot spot, has a substantial influence on PCOS and is closely related to obesity. The present study aimed to elucidate the function of the gut microbiota in obesity and PCOS to provide new ideas for the treatment of PCOS.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Obesity; Hyperandrogenism; Insulin Resistance
PubMed: 37331521
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110781 -
Gynecological Endocrinology : the... Dec 2023The aim of this study was to investigate the endometrial proteomic profiles of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with and without insulin resistance (IR)....
The aim of this study was to investigate the endometrial proteomic profiles of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with and without insulin resistance (IR). We collected 40 endometrial samples, including PCOS-IR ( = 21), PCOS-non-IR ( = 12), and control ( = 7). Data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based proteomics method is used to identify the expressed proteins among the three groups. The correlation between pregnancy outcomes and identified proteins was analyzed by Lasso regression. A total of 5331 proteins were identified, while 275 proteins were differentially expressed in the PCOS vs. control group and 215 proteins were differentially expressed in the PCOS-IR vs. PCOS-non-IR group. Platelet degranulation, neutrophil degranulation, and very long-chain fatty acid catabolic processes have been found to play important roles in the endometrium of patients with PCOS-IR. Lasso regression analysis found that ACTR1A, TSC22D2, CKB, ABRAXAS2, and TAGLN2 were associated with miscarriage in patients with PCOS. ACTR1A and CKB were higher in the PCOS-IR group and were positively correlated with HOMA-IR ( < .05). In this study, a panel of proteins was found to be differently expressed in the endometrium. ACTR1A and CKB may be considered as PCOS-IR candidate biomarkers.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Insulin Resistance; Proteomics; Endometrium; Pregnancy Outcome; Insulin; DNA-Binding Proteins; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 36750132
DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2173948 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Jan 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects about 12% of women of reproductive age. In 2018, the first evidence-based guideline on assessment and management of PCOS was...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects about 12% of women of reproductive age. In 2018, the first evidence-based guideline on assessment and management of PCOS was published, and an updated extended guideline was released in August 2023. These guidelines followed best practice and are endorsed by 39 organizations worldwide, making them the most robust source of evidence to guide clinical practice. In the 2023 guideline, diagnostic criteria have been further refined as polycystic ovary morphology can now be assessed with gynecological ultrasound or elevated anti-Müllerian hormone levels. A healthy lifestyle should be at the focus of care for all women with PCOS; however, with no specific diet or physical exercise recommended. The latest evidence on medical treatments and fertility management are reviewed, including special considerations regarding long-term follow-up of metabolic and psychiatric comorbidities and pregnancy in women with PCOS. Here we summarize the recommendations from a Nordic perspective.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Comorbidity; Infertility, Female; Healthy Lifestyle; Fertility
PubMed: 37983875
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14725 -
The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health Jun 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a lifelong chronic condition that affects one in ten females and can be diagnosed in adolescence. As adolescents with PCOS transition... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a lifelong chronic condition that affects one in ten females and can be diagnosed in adolescence. As adolescents with PCOS transition to adulthood, counselling for lifestyle management and mental health concerns often transition from involving the family unit to increasingly individual-focused approaches. PCOS is associated with a large range of comorbidities affecting reproductive, metabolic, dermatological, and psychological health. The diagnosis and comorbidities of PCOS are influenced by pubertal hormones and need to be reassessed continuously to ensure that treatment remains appropriate for age and development. As young patients grow up, personal concerns often change, especially in relation to reproductive management. In this Review, we present prevalence rates, screening tools, and treatment recommendations for PCOS-related conditions, and we consider the diagnostic and clinical elements of optimal transition of care models that ensure continuity of comprehensive care for adolescents moving from the paediatric health-care system to the adult health-care system.
Topics: Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Adolescent; Female; Transition to Adult Care; Young Adult; Adult
PubMed: 38552655
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00019-1 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Feb 2024This study highlights the therapeutic potential of activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) for managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder... (Review)
Review
This study highlights the therapeutic potential of activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) for managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. BAT plays a crucial role in regulating energy expenditure and systemic insulin sensitivity, making it an attractive target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Recent research suggests that impaired BAT function and mass may contribute to the link between metabolic disturbances and reproductive issues in PCOS. Additionally, abnormal white adipose tissue (WAT) can exacerbate these conditions by releasing adipokines and nonesterified fatty acids. In this review, we explored the impact of WAT changes on BAT function in PCOS and discussed the potential of BAT activation as a therapeutic strategy to improve PCOS symptoms. We propose that BAT activation holds promise for managing PCOS; however, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and to develop clinically feasible methods for BAT activation.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Adipose Tissue, White; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Adipose Tissue
PubMed: 38159686
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116012