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International Journal of Biological... Mar 2024Paenibacillus polymyxa (P. polymyxa) is a member of the genus Paenibacillus, which is a rod-shaped, spore-forming gram-positive bacterium. P. polymyxa is a source of... (Review)
Review
Paenibacillus polymyxa (P. polymyxa) is a member of the genus Paenibacillus, which is a rod-shaped, spore-forming gram-positive bacterium. P. polymyxa is a source of many metabolically active substances, including polypeptides, volatile organic compounds, phytohormone, hydrolytic enzymes, exopolysaccharide (EPS), etc. Due to the wide range of compounds that it produces, P. polymyxa has been extensively studied as a plant growth promoting bacterium which provides a direct benefit to plants through the improvement of N fixation from the atmosphere and enhancement of the solubilization of phosphorus and the uptake of iron in the soil, and phytohormones production. Among the metabolites from P. polymyxa, EPS exhibits many activities, for example, antioxidant, immunomodulating, anti-tumor and many others. EPS has various applications in food, agriculture, environmental protection. Particularly, in the field of sustainable agriculture, P. polymyxa EPS can be served as a biofilm to colonize microbes, and also can act as a nutrient sink on the roots of plants in the rhizosphere. Therefore, this paper would provide a comprehensive review of the advancements of diverse aspects of EPS from P. polymyxa, including the production, extraction, structure, biosynthesis, bioactivity and applications, etc. It would provide a direction for future research on P. polymyxa EPS.
Topics: Paenibacillus polymyxa; Paenibacillus; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Development; Plants
PubMed: 38278396
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129663 -
The Journal of General and Applied... Dec 2023Bacteria represent an attractive source for the isolation and identification of potentially useful microorganisms for lignin depolymerization, a process required for the...
Bacteria represent an attractive source for the isolation and identification of potentially useful microorganisms for lignin depolymerization, a process required for the use of agricultural waste. In this work, ten autochthonous bacteria isolated from straw, cow manure, and composts were characterized for potential use in the biodelignification of the waste. A comparison of the ability to degrade lignin and the efficiency of ligninolytic enzymes was performed in bacteria grown in media with lignin as a sole carbon source (LLM, 3.5g/L lignin-alkali) and in complex media supplemented with All-Ban fiber (FLM, 1.5g/L). Bacterial isolates showed different abilities to degrade lignin, they decreased the lignin concentration from 7.6 to 18.6% in LLM and from 11.1 to 44.8% in FLM. They also presented the activity of manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidases, and laccases with different specific activities. However, strain 26 identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa by sequencing the 16S rRNA showed the highest activity of lignin peroxidase and the ability to degrade efficiently lignocellulose. In addition, P. polymyxa showed the highest potential (desirability ≥ 0.795) related to the best combination of properties to depolymerize lignin from biomass. The results suggest that P. polymyxa has a coordinated lignin degradation system constituted of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase enzymes.
PubMed: 38104982
DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2023.12.001 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Sep 2023WLY78, a N-fixing bacterium, has great potential use as a biofertilizer in agriculture. Recently, we have revealed that GlnR positively and negatively regulates the...
WLY78, a N-fixing bacterium, has great potential use as a biofertilizer in agriculture. Recently, we have revealed that GlnR positively and negatively regulates the transcription of the (trogen ixation) operon () in WLY78 by binding to two loci of the promoter according to nitrogen availability. However, the regulatory mechanisms of nitrogen metabolism mediated by GlnR in the genus remain unclear. In this study, we have revealed that glutamine synthetase (GS) and GlnR in WLY78 play a key role in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism. GS (encoded by within ) and GS1 (encoded by ) belong to distinct groups: GSI-α and GSI-β. Both GS and GS1 have the enzyme activity to convert NH and glutamate into glutamine, but only GS is involved in the repression by GlnR. GlnR represses transcription of under excess nitrogen, while it activates the expression of under nitrogen limitation. GlnR simultaneously activates and represses the expression of and in response to nitrogen availability. Also, GlnR regulates the expression of and . IMPORTANCE In this study, we have revealed that GlnR uses multiple mechanisms to regulate nitrogen metabolism. GlnR activates or represses or simultaneously activates and inhibits the transcription of nitrogen metabolism genes in response to nitrogen availability. The multiple regulation mechanisms employed by GlnR are very different from GlnR which represses nitrogen metabolism under excess nitrogen. Both GS encoded by within the operon and GS1 encoded by in WLY78 are involved in ammonium assimilation, but only GS is required for regulating GlnR activity. The work not only provides significant insight into understanding the interplay of GlnR and GS in nitrogen metabolism but also provides guidance for improving nitrogen fixation efficiency by modulating nitrogen metabolism.
PubMed: 37668407
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00139-23 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that has significant biocontrol properties. Wheat sheath blight caused by is a significant soil-borne disease of wheat...
is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that has significant biocontrol properties. Wheat sheath blight caused by is a significant soil-borne disease of wheat that causes significant losses in wheat production, and the biological control against the disease has received extensive attention. ZYPP18 was identified using morphological and molecular characterization. An antagonistic activity experiment verified that ZYPP18 inhibits the growth of on artificial growth media. A detached leaf assay verified that ZYPP18 inhibits the expansion of wheat sheath blight on the detached leaf. ZYPP18 has been found to possess plant growth-promoting properties, as well as the ability to solubilize phosphate and generate indole-3-acetic acid. Results from hydroponic experiments showed that wheat seedlings treated with ZYPP18 grew faster. Additionally, pot experiments and field experiments demonstrated that ZYPP18 effectively controls the occurrence of wheat sheath blight. ZYPP18 reduced the incidence of wheat sheath blight in wheat seedlings by 37.37% and 37.90%, respectively. The control effect of ZYPP18 on wheat sheath blight was 56.30% and 65.57%, respectively. These findings provide evidence that ZYPP18 is an effective biological factor that can control disease and promote plant growth.
PubMed: 37447065
DOI: 10.3390/plants12132504 -
Nature Communications Sep 2023The rhizosheath, or the layer of soil closely adhering to roots, can help plants to tolerate drought under moderate soil drying conditions. Rhizosheath formation is the...
The rhizosheath, or the layer of soil closely adhering to roots, can help plants to tolerate drought under moderate soil drying conditions. Rhizosheath formation is the result of poorly understood interactions between root exudates, microbes, and soil conditions. Here, we study the roles played by the soil microbiota in rhizosheath formation in barley (a dry crop). We show that barley rhizosheath formation is greater in acid soil than in alkaline soil, and inoculation with microbiota from acid soil enhances rhizosheath formation in alkaline soil. The rhizosheath-promoting activity is associated with the presence of Flavobacteriaceae and Paenibacillaceae bacteria that express genes for biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, a common auxin), as determined by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. Two bacterial strains isolated from rhizosheath (Chryseobacterium culicis and Paenibacillus polymyxa) produce IAA and enhance barley rhizosheath formation, while their IAA-defective mutants are unable to promote rhizosheath formation. Co-inoculation with the IAA-producing strains enhances barley grain yield in field experiments through an increase in spike number. Our findings contribute to our understanding of barley rhizosheath formation, and suggest potential strategies for crop improvement.
Topics: Hordeum; Bacteria; Desiccation; Indoleacetic Acids; Soil
PubMed: 37726263
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40916-4 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024In recent years, the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats-Cas (CRISPR-Cas) technology has become the method of choice for precision genome editing in many...
In recent years, the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats-Cas (CRISPR-Cas) technology has become the method of choice for precision genome editing in many organisms due to its simplicity and efficacy. Multiplex genome editing, point mutations, and large genomic modifications are attractive features of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. These applications facilitate both the ease and velocity of genetic manipulations and the discovery of novel functions. In this protocol chapter, we describe the use of a CRISPR-Cas9 system for multiplex integration and deletion modifications, and deletions of large genomic regions by the use of a single guide RNA (sgRNA), and, finally, targeted point mutation modifications in Paenibacillus polymyxa.
Topics: Gene Editing; CRISPR-Cas Systems; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Genome
PubMed: 38468094
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3658-9_16 -
Plant Disease Mar 2024Strawberry is a popular fruit with valuable nutrition and an attractive fragrance, but its production and propagation are limited by various diseases, including...
Strawberry is a popular fruit with valuable nutrition and an attractive fragrance, but its production and propagation are limited by various diseases, including anthracnose and gray mold. For disease management, biological control measures are environmentally friendly and good alternatives to fungicides to avoid crop losses, reduce carbon emissions, and improve food safety. In this study, TP3, which originated from the strawberry phyllosphere, was shown to antagonize the anthracnose fungal pathogen and reduce leaf symptoms on strawberry plants. Several mass spectra corresponding to fusaricidin were detected in the confrontation assay of TP3 and by image mass spectrometry The transcription of and in the fusaricidin biosynthesis gene cluster increased while TP3 was cultured in the medium containing the culture filtrate of , as detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, indicating the involvement of fusaricidins in TP3 antagonism against the anthracnose pathogen. Further disease control assays demonstrated the time frame and spatial mode of TP3-induced systemic resistance of strawberry against . The transcript level of the marker gene of the jasmonic acid pathway increased in strawberry leaves after drenching treatment with TP3, and the callose deposition was enhanced by further flg22 treatment. In addition, TP3 treatments of the strawberry mother plants reduced infection in the daughter plants, which would be a potent feature for the application of TP3 in strawberry nurseries and fields to reduce the impact of diseases, especially anthracnose.
Topics: Paenibacillus polymyxa; Fragaria; Fungicides, Industrial; Peptide Fragments; Thymopoietins
PubMed: 37580883
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-08-23-1499-RE -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Glycosidases are essential for the industrial production of functional oligosaccharides and many biotech applications. A novel β-galactosidase/α-L-arabinopyranosidase...
Glycosidases are essential for the industrial production of functional oligosaccharides and many biotech applications. A novel β-galactosidase/α-L-arabinopyranosidase (PpBGal42A) of the glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) from KF-1 was identified and functionally characterized. Using NPG as a substrate, the recombinant PpBGal42A (77.16 kD) was shown to have an optimal temperature and pH of 30 °C and 6.0. Using NPαArap as a substrate, the optimal temperature and pH were 40 °C and 7.0. PpBGal42A has good temperature and pH stability. Furthermore, Na, K, Li, and Ca (5 mmol/L) enhanced the enzymatic activity, whereas Mn, Cu, Zn, and Hg significantly reduced the enzymatic activity. PpBGal42A hydrolyzed NP-β-D-galactoside and NP-α-L-arabinopyranoside. PpBGal42A liberated galactose from β-1,3/4/6-galactobiose and galactan. PpBGal42A hydrolyzed arabinopyranose at C20 of ginsenoside Rb2, but could not cleave arabinofuranose at C20 of ginsenoside Rc. Meanwhile, the molecular docking results revealed that PpBGal42A efficiently recognized and catalyzed lactose. PpBGal42A hydrolyzes lactose to galactose and glucose. PpBGal42A exhibits significant degradative activity towards citrus pectin when combined with pectinase. Our findings suggest that PpBGal42A is a novel bifunctional enzyme that is active as a β-galactosidase and α-L-arabinopyranosidase. This study expands on the diversity of bifunctional enzymes and provides a potentially effective tool for the food industry.
Topics: Paenibacillus polymyxa; Lactose; Molecular Docking Simulation; Galactose; Glycoside Hydrolases; Cloning, Molecular; beta-Galactosidase; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Substrate Specificity; Paenibacillus
PubMed: 38005185
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227464 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Apr 2024In this work, we aimed to isolate marine bacteria that produce metabolites with antifungal properties.
AIMS
In this work, we aimed to isolate marine bacteria that produce metabolites with antifungal properties.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Paenibacillus polymyxa 188 was isolated from a marine sediment sample, and it showed excellent antifungal activity against many fungi pathogenic to plants (Fusarium tricinctum, Pestalotiopsis clavispora, Fusarium oxysporum, F. oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (Foc), Curvularia plantarum, and Talaromyces pinophilus) and to humans (Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium oxalicum, and Microsphaeropsis arundinis). The antifungal compounds produced by P. polymyxa 188 were extracted and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The complete genome sequence and biosynthetic gene clusters of P. polymyxa 188 were characterized and compared with those of other strains. A total of 238 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were identified in P. polymyxa 188. Two antibiotic gene clusters, fusaricidin and tridecaptin, exist in P. polymyxa 188, which is different from other strains that typically have multiple antibiotic gene clusters.
CONCLUSIONS
Paenibacilluspolymyxa 188 was identified with numerous biosynthetic gene clusters, and its antifungal ability against pathogenic fungi was verified.
Topics: Humans; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Antifungal Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Paenibacillus
PubMed: 38509027
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae075 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Screening of with antagonistic effects on paddy mold pathogens to provide strain resources for biological control of mold in L. screening of isolates antagonistic...
Screening of with antagonistic effects on paddy mold pathogens to provide strain resources for biological control of mold in L. screening of isolates antagonistic towards from rhizosphere soil of healthy paddy; classification and identification of antagonistic strains by biological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis; transcriptome sequencing after RNA extraction from Bacillus-treated ; and extraction of inhibitory crude proteins of by ammonium sulfate precipitation; inhibitory crude protein and spp. were treated separately for and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An antagonistic strain of , named B7, was identified as by 16S rDNA identification and phylogenetic evolutionary tree comparison analysis. Analysis of the transcriptome results showed that genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis such as antifungal protein were significantly downregulated. SEM results showed that the mycelium of underwent severe rupture after treatment with and antifungal proteins, respectively. In addition, the sporocarp changed less after treatment with , and the sporangium stalks had obvious folds. B7 has a good antagonistic effect against and has potential for biocontrol applications of paddy mold pathogens.
Topics: Paenibacillus polymyxa; Antifungal Agents; Phylogeny; Antibiosis; Bacillus; DNA, Ribosomal; Paenibacillus; Aspergillus
PubMed: 38396880
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042195