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Microorganisms Aug 2023levels are reported to be low in obese individuals, and this genus has shown an anti-obesity capacity in animal studies. Nevertheless, the relationship between and...
levels are reported to be low in obese individuals, and this genus has shown an anti-obesity capacity in animal studies. Nevertheless, the relationship between and obesity in different subpopulations, e.g., with respect to age and sex, and its association with subsequent weight change have rarely been explored. The cross-sectional associations of genus- and species-level abundance with obesity were explored in the Guangdong Gut Microbiome Project (GGMP), which included 5843 adults, and replicated in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNSH), which included 1637 individuals. Furthermore, we assessed the prospective associations of and its main abundance with the subsequent changes in body mass index (BMI) in the GNSH. We found that was inversely associated with obesity among females and participants aged 40-69 years in the GGMP and the replicated cohort in the GNSH. After a 3-year follow-up, there was no significant correlation between and the subsequent changes in BMI. However, () showed a negative correlation with subsequent BMI changes in the female and middle-aged (40-69 years) subpopulations. Overall, our results indicate that have an inverse relationship with obesity and that () have a negative association with subsequent changes in BMI among females and middle-aged populations in perspective analyses.
PubMed: 37630647
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082087 -
Gut Microbes Dec 2023Synbiotics are increasingly used by the general population to boost immunity. However, there is limited evidence concerning the immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Synbiotics are increasingly used by the general population to boost immunity. However, there is limited evidence concerning the immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics in healthy individuals. Therefore, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 106 healthy adults. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotics (containing HN019 1.5 × 10 CFU/d, HN001 7.5 × 10 CFU/d, and fructooligosaccharide 500 mg/d) or placebo for 8 weeks. Immune parameters and gut microbiota composition were measured at baseline, mid, and end of the study. Compared to the placebo group, participants receiving synbiotic supplementation exhibited greater reductions in plasma C-reactive protein ( = 0.088) and interferon-gamma ( = 0.008), along with larger increases in plasma interleukin (IL)-10 ( = 0.008) and stool secretory IgA (sIgA) ( = 0.014). Additionally, synbiotic supplementation led to an enrichment of beneficial bacteria (, , , and ) and several functional pathways related to amino acids and short-chain fatty acids biosynthesis, whereas reduced potential pro-inflammatory compared to baseline. Importantly, alternations in anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 and sIgA) were significantly correlated with microbial variations triggered by synbiotic supplementation. Stratification of participants into two enterotypes based on pre-treatment -to- (/) ratio revealed a more favorable effect of synbiotic supplements in individuals with a higher / ratio. In conclusion, this study suggested the beneficial effects of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters, which were correlated with synbiotics-induced microbial changes and modified by microbial enterotypes. These findings provided direct evidence supporting the personalized supplementation of synbiotics for immunomodulation.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Synbiotics; Actinobacteria; Amino Acids; Bacteroides
PubMed: 37614109
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2247025 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Sep 2023Men demonstrate higher incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) than women. This study aims to explain the potential causes of such sexual dimorphism in...
Men demonstrate higher incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) than women. This study aims to explain the potential causes of such sexual dimorphism in CRC from the perspective of sex-biased gut microbiota and metabolites. The results show that sexual dimorphism in colorectal tumorigenesis is observed in both Apc mice and azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice with male mice have significantly larger and more tumors, accompanied by more impaired gut barrier function. Moreover, pseudo-germ mice receiving fecal samples from male mice or patients show more severe intestinal barrier damage and higher level of inflammation. A significant change in gut microbiota composition is found with increased pathogenic bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and deplets probiotic Parabacteroides goldsteinii in both male mice and pseudo-germ mice receiving fecal sample from male mice. Sex-biased gut metabolites in pseudo-germ mice receiving fecal sample from CRC patients or CRC mice contribute to sex dimorphism in CRC tumorigenesis through glycerophospholipids metabolism pathway. Sexual dimorphism in tumorigenesis of CRC mouse models. In conclusion, the sex-biased gut microbiome and metabolites contribute to sexual dimorphism in CRC. Modulating sex-biased gut microbiota and metabolites could be a potential sex-targeting therapeutic strategy of CRC.
Topics: Male; Female; Animals; Mice; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dextran Sulfate; Carcinogenesis; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
PubMed: 37400423
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206238 -
MBio Apr 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of IBD remains elusive, but the disease is suggested...
UNLABELLED
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of IBD remains elusive, but the disease is suggested to arise from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors that trigger inadequate immune responses and inflammation in the intestine. The gut microbiome majorly contributes to disease as an environmental variable, and although some causative bacteria are identified, little is known about which specific members of the microbiome aid in the intestinal epithelial barrier function to protect from disease. While chemically inducing colitis in mice from two distinct animal facilities, we serendipitously found that mice in one facility showed remarkable resistance to disease development, which was associated with increased markers of epithelial barrier integrity. Importantly, we show that and were significantly increased in the microbiota of resistant mice. To causally connect these microbes to protection against disease, we colonized susceptible mice with the two bacterial species. Our results demonstrate that and . synergistically drive a protective effect in both acute and chronic models of colitis by boosting the frequency of type 3 innate lymphoid cells in the colon and by improving gut epithelial integrity. Altogether, our work reveals a combined effort of commensal microbes in offering protection against severe intestinal inflammation by shaping gut immunity and by enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier stability. Our study highlights the beneficial role of gut bacteria in dictating intestinal homeostasis, which is an important step toward employing microbiome-driven therapeutic approaches for IBD clinical management.
IMPORTANCE
The contribution of the gut microbiome to the balance between homeostasis and inflammation is widely known. Nevertheless, the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease, which is known to be influenced by genetics, immune response, and environmental cues, remains unclear. Unlocking novel players involved in the dictation of a protective gut, namely, in the microbiota component, is therefore crucial to develop novel strategies to tackle IBD. Herein, we revealed a synergistic interaction between two commensal bacterial strains, and , which induce protection against both acute and chronic models of colitis induction, by enhancing epithelial barrier integrity and promoting group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the colonic mucosa. This study provides a novel insight on how commensal bacteria can beneficially act to promote intestinal homeostasis, which may open new avenues toward the use of microbiome-derived strategies to tackle IBD.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Immunity, Innate; Lymphocytes; Colitis; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Inflammation; Verrucomicrobia; Akkermansia; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 38470269
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00078-24 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2023Dysregulation of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid (BA) metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease...
Dysregulation of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid (BA) metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our previous studies found that bisphenol A (BPA) exposure induced hepatic steatosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, whether the gut microbiota-dependent BA metabolism alterations were involved in BPA-induced hepatic steatosis remains unclear. Therefore, we explored the gut microbiota-related metabolic mechanisms of hepatic steatosis induced by BPA. Male CD-1 mice were exposed to low-dose BPA (50 μg/kg/day) for 6 months. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail (ABX) treatment were further adopted to test the role of gut microbiota in the adverse effects of BPA. We found that BPA induced hepatic steatosis in mice. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that BPA reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Akkermansia, which are associated with BA metabolism. Metabolomic analyses demonstrated that BPA significantly altered the ratio of conjugated to unconjugated BAs and increased the total level of taurine-α/β-muricholic acid while decreasing the level of chenodeoxycholic acid, thus inhibiting the activation of special receptors, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), in the ileum and liver. The inhibition of FXR reduced short heterodimer partner and subsequently induced cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c expression, which is related to hepatic BA synthesis and lipogenesis, eventually leading to liver cholestasis and steatosis. Furthermore, we found that mice that received FMT from BPA-exposed mice developed hepatic steatosis, and the influences of BPA on hepatic steatosis and FXR/TGR5 signaling pathways could be eliminated by ABX treatment, confirming the role of gut microbiota in BPA effects. Collectively, our study illustrates that suppressed microbiota-BA-FXR/TGR signaling pathways may be a potential mechanism for hepatic steatosis induced by BPA, providing a new target for the prevention of BPA-induced NAFLD.
Topics: Male; Mice; Animals; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bile Acids and Salts; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 37211107
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164307 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Nov 2023As the concerned emerging pollutants, several lines of evidence have indicated that nanoplastics (NPs) lead to reproductive toxicity. However, the biological mechanism... (Review)
Review
As the concerned emerging pollutants, several lines of evidence have indicated that nanoplastics (NPs) lead to reproductive toxicity. However, the biological mechanism underlying NPs disturbed spermatogenesis remains largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the potential mechanism of impaired spermatogenesis caused by long-term NPs exposure from the perspective of integrated metabolome and microbiome analysis. After 12 weeks of gavage of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and animo-modified polystyrene nanoplastics (Amino-NPs), a well-designed two-exposure stages experimental condition. We found that NPs exposure induced apparent abnormal spermatogenesis, which appeared more severe in the Amino-NPs group. Mechanistically, 14 floras associated with glucose and lipid metabolism were significantly altered, as evidenced by 16 S rRNA sequencing. Testicular metabolome revealed that the Top 50 changed metabolites were also enriched in lipid metabolism. Subsequently, the combined gut microbiome and metabolome analysis uncovered the strong correlations between Klebsiella, Blautia, Parabacteroides, and lipid metabolites (e.g., PC, LysoPC and GPCho). We speculate that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota-related disturbed lipid metabolism may be responsible for long-term NPs-induced damaged spermatogenesis, which provides new insights into NPs-induced dysregulated spermatogenesis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microplastics; Polystyrenes; Spermatogenesis; Metabolome
PubMed: 37890247
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115626 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023Gastrointestinal symptoms are more prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than in typically developing (TD) children. Constipation is a significant... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Gastrointestinal symptoms are more prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than in typically developing (TD) children. Constipation is a significant gastrointestinal comorbidity of ASD, but the associations among constipated autism spectrum disorder (C-ASD), microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are still debated. We enrolled 80 children, divided into the C-ASD group (n = 40) and the TD group (n = 40). In this study, an integrated 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach was applied to explore the association of the gut microbiota and SCFAs in C-ASD children in China. The community diversity estimated by the Observe, Chao1, and ACE indices was significantly lower in the C-ASD group than in the TD group. We observed that Ruminococcaceae_UCG_002, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG_003, Phascolarctobacterium, Megamonas, Ruminiclostridium_5, Parabacteroides, Prevotella_2, Fusobacterium, and Prevotella_9 were enriched in the C-ASD group, and Anaerostipes, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ralstonia, Eubacterium_eligens_group, and Ruminococcus_1 were enriched in the TD group. The propionate levels, which were higher in the C-ASD group, were negatively correlated with the abundance of Lactobacillus taxa, but were positively correlated with the severity of ASD symptoms. The random forest model, based on the 16 representative discriminant genera, achieved a high accuracy (AUC = 0.924). In conclusion, we found that C-ASD is related to altered gut microbiota and SCFAs, especially decreased abundance of Lactobacillus and excessive propionate in faeces, which provide new clues to understand C-ASD and biomarkers for the diagnosis and potential strategies for treatment of the disorder. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ; trial registration number ChiCTR2100052106; date of registration: October 17, 2021).
Topics: Child; Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Constipation; East Asian People; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillales; Propionates; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Veillonellaceae
PubMed: 37925571
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46566-2 -
Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.) Oct 2023The clinical relevance and pathogenic role of gut microbiome in both myositis and its associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) are still unclear. The purpose of this...
PURPOSE
The clinical relevance and pathogenic role of gut microbiome in both myositis and its associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of gut microbiome in myositis through comprehensive metagenomic-wide association studies (MWAS).
METHODS
We conducted MWAS of the myositis gut microbiome in a Chinese cohort by using whole-genome shotgun sequencing of high depth, including 30 myositis patients and 31 healthy controls (HC). Among the myositis patients, 11 developed rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and 10 had chronic ILD (C-ILD).
RESULTS
Analysis for overall distribution level of the bacteria showed Alistipes onderdonkii, Parabacteroides distasonis and Escherichia coli were upregulated, Lachnospiraceae bacterium GAM79, Roseburia intestinalis, and Akkermansia muciniphila were downregulated in patients with myositis compared to HC. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Parabacteroides distasonis and Escherichia coli were upregulated, Bacteroides A1C1 and Bacteroides xylanisolvens were downregulated in RP-ILD cases compared with C-ILD cases. A variety of biological pathways related to metabolism were enriched in the myositis and HC, RP-ILD and C-ILD comparison. And in the analyses for microbial contribution in metagenomic biological pathways, we have found that E. coli played an important role in the pathway expression in both myositis group and myositis-associated RP-ILD group. Anti-PL-12 antibody, anti-Ro-52 antibody, and anti-EJ antibody were found to have positive correlation with bacterial diversity (Shannon-wiener diversity index and Chao1, richness estimator) between myositis group and control groups. The combination of E. coli and R. intestinalis could distinguish myositis group from HC effectively. R. intestinalis can also be applied in the distinguishment of RP-ILD group vs. C-ILD group in myositis patients.
CONCLUSION
Our MWAS study first revealed the link between gut microbiome and pathgenesis of myositis, which may help us understand the role of gut microbiome in the etiology of myositis and myositis-associated RP-ILD.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Metagenome; Escherichia coli; Myositis; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Bacteria; Autoantibodies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37595937
DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109738 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Dec 2023The composition of the gut microbiome has been associated with development of atopic conditions such as food allergy (FA) and asthma. African American or Black children...
BACKGROUND
The composition of the gut microbiome has been associated with development of atopic conditions such as food allergy (FA) and asthma. African American or Black children with FA have higher rate of asthma compared to their White counterparts.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to investigate whether the diversity and relative abundance (RA) of gut microbiota is different between children with FA from different racial backgrounds living in the same cities. Furthermore, we aimed to understand whether the difference in the gut microbiota is associated with asthma in children with FA.
METHODS
We analyzed and compared the stool microbiome of a cohort of Black and White children with FA by shotgun genomic sequencing.
RESULTS
A total of 152 children with IgE-mediated FA enrolled onto FORWARD (Food Allergy Outcomes Related to White and African American Racial Differences); 30 Black and 122 White children were included. The RA of several bacteria was associated with race and asthma. Most notably the RA of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Chlamydia thrachomatis, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, and Bacteroides eggerthii were significantly higher, while the RA of Bifidobacterium sp CAG:754, Parabacterium johnsonii, Bacteroides intestinalis, and Bifidobacterium breve were significantly lower in stool samples of Black children compared to White children. Asthma was associated with lower RA of B breve, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Prevotella copri, Veilloella sp CAG:933, and Bacteroides plebius, and higher RA of 3 Bacteroides species.
CONCLUSIONS
The observed variations in the gut microbiota of Black and White children such as differences in the Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species along with their association to history of asthma in our cohort is indicative of their potential role in the higher rate of asthma observed among Black children with FA.
Topics: Child; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Food Hypersensitivity; Microbiota; Feces; Asthma
PubMed: 37714436
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.07.024 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2023An obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as strain GYB001, was isolated from the blood of a patient with a sigmoid...
An obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as strain GYB001, was isolated from the blood of a patient with a sigmoid colon perforation. Taxonomic characterization of the novel isolate was performed using a polyphasic approach. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences revealed that GYB001 represented a member of the genus , in the family . The closest species, based on 16S rRNA sequence, was DSM 23371 with 97.4 % similarity. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain GYB001 and DSM 23371 were 86.7 and 28.7% and between GYB001 and JCM 18682 were 86.6 and 27.7 %, respectively. The genome was 6.57 Mbp long with 43.3 mol% G+C content. Colonies on Brucella blood agar (BBA) were circular, convex, smooth, grey and small in size. Growth was observed on trypticase soy agar (TSA), TSA +5 % sheep blood and agar. Growth occurred at 18-42 °C on BBA in the presence of 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) and at pH 6.0-8.5. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phospholipids. The major fatty acids in strain GYB001 were anteiso-C and iso-C 3-OH, and the predominant respiratory quinones were menaquinone-10 (MK-10) and MK-9. The cell wall contained -diaminopimelic acid. Considering these phenotypic features and comparative genome analyses, we propose strain GYB001 as the type strain of sp. nov. (=KCTC 25738=KBN12P06525=LMG 32797).
Topics: Humans; Animals; Sheep; Fatty Acids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Agar; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Phospholipids; Comparative Genomic Hybridization; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 37999940
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006187