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Pediatric Radiology Apr 2024Pediatric lung infections continue to be a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Although both pediatric and general radiologists are familiar with typical... (Review)
Review
Pediatric lung infections continue to be a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Although both pediatric and general radiologists are familiar with typical lung infections and their imaging findings in children, relatively rare lung infections continue to present a diagnostic challenge. In addition, the advances in radiological imaging and emergence of several new lung infections in recent years facilitated the need for up-to-date knowledge on this topic. In this review article, we discuss the imaging findings of pediatric lung infections caused by unusual/uncommon and new pathogens. We review the epidemiological, clinical, and radiological imaging findings of viral (coronavirus disease 2019, Middle East respiratory syndrome, bird flu), bacterial (Streptococcus anginosus, Francisella tularensis, Chlamydia psittaci), and parasitic lung infections (echinococcosis, paragonimiasis, amoebiasis). Additional disorders whose clinical course and imaging findings may mimic lung infections in children (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, eosinophilic pneumonia) are also presented, to aid in differential diagnosis. As the clinical presentation of children with new and unusual lung infections is often non-specific, imaging evaluation plays an important role in initial detection, follow-up for disease progression, and assessment of potential complications.
Topics: Child; Humans; Lung; Pneumonia; COVID-19; Lung Diseases; Thorax
PubMed: 38097820
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05818-z -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Dec 2023Pulmonary paragonimiasis, a food-borne zoonotic helminthiasis, is a parasitic disease of the lung caused by infection with trematodes species of the genus Paragonimus....
BACKGROUND
Pulmonary paragonimiasis, a food-borne zoonotic helminthiasis, is a parasitic disease of the lung caused by infection with trematodes species of the genus Paragonimus. Although pneumothorax has been reported as occuring with paragonimiasis, to date no study has been performed concerning the clinical features and predictive risk factors for this condition.
METHODS
This retrospective study, which aims to fill this gap, was conducted at Jeonbuk National University Hospital. All patients (aged ≥19 years) were diagnosed with paragonimiasis between May 2011 and December 2021. Medical records were reviewed and information concerning age, sex, vital signs, underlying diseases, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, radiologic findings, treatment, and clinical outcomes was collected. An odds ratio (OR) for the risk factors associated with pneumothorax was calculated using the binary logistic regression model.
RESULTS
Among 179 consecutive patients diagnosed with pulmonary paragonimiasis, the postive rate of pneumothorax was 10.6% (19/179). Pneumothorax occurred mostly in the right lung (78.9%, 15/19), and intrapulmonary parenchymal lesions showed an ipsilateral relationship with pneumothorax (94.7%, 18/19). Fifteen patients (78.9%, 15/19) of pneumothorax associated with pulmonary paragonimiasis are accompanied by pleural effusion. Most of patients with pneumothorax (89.5%, 17/19) underwent chest tube insertion as a first treatment. Three patients (15.8%) showed relapses but in no case was a death recorded. Asthma (odds ratio [OR] 8.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43-45.91), chest pain (OR 8.15, 95% CI 2.70-24.58), and intrapulmonary lesions (OR 8.94, 95% CI 1.12-71.36) were independent risk factors for pulmonary paragonimiasis-associated pneumothorax.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that clinicians should keep in mind the possibility of pneumothorax when approached by patients with pulmonary paragonimiasis complaining of chest pain, accompanied by intrapulmonary lesions or with asthma as an underlying disease.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Pneumothorax; Retrospective Studies; Paragonimus; Risk Factors; Asthma; Chest Pain
PubMed: 38100524
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011828 -
Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2023is a genus of parasitic flatworms known as lung flukes that cause the parasitic disease paragonimiasis in humans and other mammals. We aimed to use bibliometric...
BACKGROUND
is a genus of parasitic flatworms known as lung flukes that cause the parasitic disease paragonimiasis in humans and other mammals. We aimed to use bibliometric analysis to identify the global characteristics and temporal trends of published literature about paragonimiasis.
METHODS
Using the Web of Science database, we identified all original articles on paragonimiasis 1997 to 2022. After collecting the bibliographic and citation data, keywords, citation networks, and co-citations pertaining to paragonimiasis was carried out using the VOSviewer program.
RESULTS
The study identified 563 paragonimiasis articles published in 250 journals. Publications in paragonimiasis research have been cited 6190 times and 2803 times without self-citations. The years with the most publications were 2013, 2016, and 2021. The minimal threshold for analysis was met by 19 of the 52 countries investigated. The study included 19 items, yielding 170 links between countries. The total strength of these links was discovered to be 104772. The journal with the most publications in this category was Parasitology Research (n=31). The most frequently used terms in paragonimiasis study were "paragonimiasis", "", and "lung-fluke."
CONCLUSION
The study concluded by providing an overview of the paragonimiasis research field, including current trends, development, and researcher collaboration. By addressing gaps in this bibliometric analysis and increasing collaboration, stake-holders could strengthen their strategies to effectively combat paragonimiasis and improve public health outcomes.
PubMed: 37886253
DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v18i3.13760 -
International Journal of Infectious... Aug 2023
Topics: Animals; Humans; Paragonimus westermani; Mediastinal Cyst; Paragonimiasis
PubMed: 37150353
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.05.001 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Feb 2024
PubMed: 38311422
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3179-23 -
Medical Journal, Armed Forces India 2023A pulmonary nodule is a common radiological finding encountered in routine medical practice. It needs to be extensively evaluated as the differential diagnosis can range...
A pulmonary nodule is a common radiological finding encountered in routine medical practice. It needs to be extensively evaluated as the differential diagnosis can range from sinister malignancies to fully treatable infectious causes. Here, we present a rare case of pulmonary paragonimiasis presenting as pulmonary nodule. This case report aims to sensitise the medical practitioner regarding pulmonary paragonimiasis which is completely treatable but carries a high risk of being under diagnosed.
PubMed: 37719913
DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.02.009 -
Pancreas Apr 2024A few pediatric cases of abdominal paragonimiasis have been described. Here we describe a case of pulmonary and abdominal paragonimiasis with involvement of the pancreas...
A few pediatric cases of abdominal paragonimiasis have been described. Here we describe a case of pulmonary and abdominal paragonimiasis with involvement of the pancreas in a 9-year-old boy. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiological features of pancreatic paragonimiasis in children and raise the awareness of this disease.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Paragonimiasis; Lung; Radiography; Pancreas
PubMed: 38345919
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000002307 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2024In this study, we examined the value of chest CT signs combined with peripheral blood eosinophil percentage in differentiating between pulmonary paragonimiasis and...
OBJECTIVE
In this study, we examined the value of chest CT signs combined with peripheral blood eosinophil percentage in differentiating between pulmonary paragonimiasis and tuberculous pleurisy in children.
METHODS
Patients with pulmonary paragonimiasis and tuberculous pleurisy were retrospectively enrolled from January 2019 to April 2023 at the Kunming Third People's Hospital and Lincang People's Hospital. There were 69 patients with pulmonary paragonimiasis (paragonimiasis group) and 89 patients with tuberculous pleurisy (tuberculosis group). Clinical symptoms, chest CT imaging findings, and laboratory test results were analyzed. Using binary logistic regression, an imaging model of CT signs and a combined model of CT signs and eosinophils were developed to calculate and compare the differential diagnostic performance of the two models.
RESULTS
CT signs were used to establish the imaging model, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.856 (95% CI: 0.799-0.913), the sensitivity was 66.7%, and the specificity was 88.9%. The combined model was established using the CT signs and eosinophil percentage, and the ROC was plotted. The AUC curve was 0.950 (95% CI: 0.919-0.980), the sensitivity was 89.9%, and the specificity was 90.1%. The differential diagnostic efficiency of the combined model was higher than that of the imaging model, and the difference in AUC was statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
The combined model has a higher differential diagnosis efficiency than the imaging model in the differentiation of pulmonary paragonimiasis and tuberculous pleurisy in children. The presence of a tunnel sign on chest CT, the absence of pulmonary nodules, and an elevated percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils are indicative of pulmonary paragonimiasis in children.
Topics: Humans; Eosinophils; Paragonimiasis; Male; Female; Child; Retrospective Studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Tuberculosis, Pleural; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; ROC Curve; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 38851671
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09461-3 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Jul 2024Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease primarily contracted through consumption of undercooked freshwater crustaceans or wild boar meat. Large-scale nationwide...
BACKGROUND
Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease primarily contracted through consumption of undercooked freshwater crustaceans or wild boar meat. Large-scale nationwide epidemiological data on paragonimiasis are lacking. In this study, we aimed to investigate the nationwide epidemiology of hospitalized patients with paragonimiasis in Japan using a comprehensive nationwide Japanese administrative database.
METHODS
We evaluated the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) data of patients diagnosed with pulmonary paragonimiasis between April 1, 2012 and March 30, 2020. The patients' address and information, including age, sex, treatment (medication: praziquantel; surgery: open thoracotomy or intracranial mass extirpation), Japan coma scale, comorbidities, and length of hospital stay, were extracted.
RESULTS
Of the 49.6 million hospitalized patients, data were extracted on 73 patients with paragonimiasis, of whom 36 were male and 37 were female. The mean age was 49.7 years and the mean length of stay was 12.5 days. The most frequent comorbidity was pleural effusion (31.5 %), followed by pneumothorax (13.7 %). The sites of ectopic paragonimiasis in organs other than the lung included the liver (5.5 %), skin (4.1 %), and brain (2.7 %). Geographically, most patients were from the Kyushu region (54.8 %), followed by the Kanto region (22.0 %). Fukuoka Prefecture had the highest number of patients (22.0 %) by prefecture. During the study period, an average of 9.1 patients/year were hospitalized with lung paragonimiasis in Japan.
CONCLUSION
Paragonimiasis has not completely disappeared in Japan; thus, physicians should be aware of paragonimiasis in the Kyushu region, especially in the Fukuoka Prefecture.
Topics: Humans; Paragonimiasis; Japan; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Databases, Factual; Aged; Length of Stay; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Young Adult; Hospitalization; Praziquantel; Adolescent; Animals; Comorbidity; East Asian People
PubMed: 38219980
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.01.005 -
International Journal of Infectious... Oct 2023Pleural effusion caused by lung fluke is a rare etiology of exudative pleural effusion (EPE), which is often misdiagnosed or delayed. We aim to summarize the diagnosis...
OBJECTIVES
Pleural effusion caused by lung fluke is a rare etiology of exudative pleural effusion (EPE), which is often misdiagnosed or delayed. We aim to summarize the diagnosis and treatment course of EPE caused by lung fluke infection and put forward a practical diagnosis approach.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of 14 cases of EPE caused by lung fluke infection diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibodies or egg detection.
RESULTS
All patients (100%) with an absolute count of eosinophils in peripheral blood exceeded 0.5 × 10/l, and 10 patients (71.4%) had a history of special ingestion. Eosinophilic PE occurred in 11 patients (78.6%), pleural biopsy of medical thoracoscopic demonstrated eosinophils infiltration in nine patients (64.3%), and parasite eggs in one patient. All patients showed positive intradermal tests for Paragonimus-specific antigens and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibodies to Paragonimus.
CONCLUSION
For patients with unexplained PE, lung fluke infection should be highly suspected when pleural fluid or pleural biopsy shows eosinophilic PE or eosinophils infiltration, especially for patients with certain diet history.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Pleural Effusion; Paragonimiasis; Eosinophilia; Paragonimus; Antibodies; Lung
PubMed: 37507085
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.07.013