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Food Chemistry Aug 2023Herein, we developed a method coupling TLC and enzyme inhibition principles to rapidly detect OPs (dichlorvos, paraoxon and parathion). After the removal of the organic...
Herein, we developed a method coupling TLC and enzyme inhibition principles to rapidly detect OPs (dichlorvos, paraoxon and parathion). After the removal of the organic solvent from the samples using TLC and paper-based chips, the enzyme was added to the detection system. The results showed that the current method effectively reduced the effects of solvents on enzyme behavior. Moreover, the pigments could be successfully retained on TLC with 40% ddHO/ACN solution (v/v) as a developing solvent. Additionally, the detection limits (LODs) were 0.002 µg/mL for dichlorvos, 0.006 µg/mL for paraoxon, and 0.003 µg/mL for parathion. Finally, the method was applied to spiked cabbage, cucumber, and spinach and showed good average recoveries ranging between 70.22% and 119.79%. These results showed that this paper-based chip had high sensitivity, precleaning, and elimination of organic solvent properties. Furthermore, it provides a valuable idea for sample pretreatment and rapid determination of pesticide residues in food.
Topics: Pesticides; Dichlorvos; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Paraoxon; Pesticide Residues; Parathion; Solvents
PubMed: 36893638
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135822 -
Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods... Sep 2023Nowadays, the presence of highly toxic and persistent residues of pesticides in water and food around the world is becoming a serious problem, and so their rapid and...
Nowadays, the presence of highly toxic and persistent residues of pesticides in water and food around the world is becoming a serious problem, and so their rapid and sensitive detection is critical to human health. In this work, a 3D composite nanoparticle of porous PDA (polydopamine) microspheres and Au NPs (PPDA@Au NPs) was proposed as a SERS substrate to detect pesticides. Porous PDA as a substrate was first synthesized with F127 (Pluronic F127), dopamine hydrochloride, and 1,3,5-TMB (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) under weakly alkaline conditions by a one-step method. Then, HAuCl was reduced in the pores of PPDA spheres and grew sequentially for effecting the reducibility of PPDA. As a result, uniform 3D PPDA@Au NPs with "hot spots" were successfully synthesized as SERS substrates, which could effectively avoid the agglomeration of gold nanoparticles to greatly improve the sensitivity and uniformity of the SERS platform. At the same time, methyl parathion, 4-chlorophenol, and 2,4-D as representatives of pesticides were detected with the proposed PPDA@Au NP-based SERS platform, with detection limits lower than 7.26, 7.52, and 11 ng mL, separately. The current work presents a simple preparation method to prepare sensitive and uniform SERS platform PPDA@Au NPs, which have potential for applications in actual pesticide and drug testing.
Topics: Humans; Pesticides; Vegetables; Gold; Porosity; Metal Nanoparticles; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 37702073
DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00808h -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Jul 2023The evaluation of the bioavailability of pollutants in soil is crucial to accurately assess the pollution risk, and whole-cell biosensor is one of the important tools...
The evaluation of the bioavailability of pollutants in soil is crucial to accurately assess the pollution risk, and whole-cell biosensor is one of the important tools for such evaluation. This study aimed to develop a novel whole-cell biosensor for the detection of methyl parathion in soil using. First, a whole-cell biosensor was constructed by the screened methyl parathion hydrolase gene, the existing specific induction element R, and the pUC19 plasmid skeleton. Then, the detection method of methyl parathion in soil extracts was established using 96-well microtiter plate as carrier and five whole-cell biosensors as indicator. The method was applied in the detection of methyl parathion in tested and field soil extracts. Taking . DH5α/pMP-AmilCP with the best detection performance as an example, this biosensor had a detection limit of 6.21-6.66 µg/L and a linear range of 10-10 000 µg/L for methyl parathion in four soil extracts. . DH5α/pMP-RFP and . DH5α/pMP-AmilCP methods have good detection performance for the analysis of methyl parathion in soil extract samples. This biosensor method can help to quickly assess the bioavailability of methyl parathion in soil, and thus help to understand the risk of soil pollution caused by organophosphorus pesticide methyl parathion.
Topics: Methyl Parathion; Pesticides; Organophosphorus Compounds; Escherichia coli; Soil; Farms; Biosensing Techniques
PubMed: 37584126
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230129 -
Food Chemistry Jul 2023Simple and rapid multiresidue trace detection of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) is extremely important for various reasons, including food safety, environmental...
Simple and rapid multiresidue trace detection of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) is extremely important for various reasons, including food safety, environmental monitoring, and national health. Here, a catalytic hairpin self-assembly (CHA)-based competitive fluorescent immunosensor was developed to detect OPs in agricultural products, involving enabled dual signal amplification followed by a CHA reaction. The developed method could detect 0.01-50 ng/mL triazophos, parathion, and chlorpyrifos, with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.012, 0.0057, and 0.0074 ng/mL, respectively. The spiked recoveries of samples measured using this assay ranged from 82.8 % to 110.6 %, with CV values ranging between 5.5 % and 18.5 %. This finding suggests that the CHA-based competitive fluorescent immunosensor is a reliable and accurate method for detecting OPs in agricultural products. The results correlated well with those obtained from the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, indicating that the CHA-based biosensor is able to accurately detect OPs and can be used as a reliable alternative to the LC-MS/MS method. Additionally, the CHA-based biosensor is simpler and faster than LC-MS/MS, which makes it a more practical and cost-effective option for the detection of OPs. In summary, the CHA-based competitive fluorescent immunosensor can be considered a promising approach for trace analysis and multiresidue determination of pesticides, which can open up new horizons in the fields of food safety, environmental monitoring, and national health.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Biosensing Techniques; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Immunoassay; Pesticides; Insecticides; Chlorpyrifos
PubMed: 36773354
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135607 -
Journal of Water and Health Jun 2024Despite the negative effects that the use of pesticides (such as herbicides and insecticides) have on human health and water resources, a significant portion of the...
Despite the negative effects that the use of pesticides (such as herbicides and insecticides) have on human health and water resources, a significant portion of the world's agricultural production depends on them. The purpose of this study was to determine selected residual concentrations of pesticides (diazinon, ethion, malathion, alachlor, methyl-parathion, trifluralin, atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and azinphos-methyl) in samples from Shiraz potable water sources. For this purpose, water treatment plant, groundwater wells, treated surface water, and a mixture of groundwater and treated surface water were taken. In addition, statistical and risk analyses (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic) were used. According to the results, chlorpyrifos with 84.4% had the highest removal efficiency and methyl-parathion with 10% had the lowest removal rate in the Shiraz water treatment plant process. The highest mean concentration was related to azinphos-methyl (1.5 μg/L) and chlorpyrifos (0.59 μg/L) in the groundwater samples. All measured compounds in water source samples were below standard levels, except for chlorpyrifos and azinphos-methyl, which were reported in groundwater above the limit recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The results showed that while the selected pesticides measured had a low non-carcinogenic risk for both adults and children, malathion and trifluralin posed a high carcinogenic risk for adults.
Topics: Water Pollutants, Chemical; Herbicides; Risk Assessment; Insecticides; Groundwater; Water Wells; Environmental Monitoring; Water Purification; Drinking Water; Humans; Iran
PubMed: 38935459
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.076 -
BioImpacts : BI 2024A new analytical method based on the coupling of microextraction and microfluidics was developed and investigated for the pre-concentration, separation, and...
INTRODUCTION
A new analytical method based on the coupling of microextraction and microfluidics was developed and investigated for the pre-concentration, separation, and electrochemical detection of fenitrothion (FT) and parathion (PA) at the sub-ppm concentrations.
METHODS
In the first step, the microchip capillary electrophoresis technique was used to serve as a separation and detection system. Analytes were injected in the 40 mm long microchannel with 10 mm sidearms. Then, they were separated by applying a direct electrical field (+1800 V) between the buffer and detection reservoirs. 2-(n-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer (20 mM, pH 5) was used as a running buffer. The electrochemical detection was performed using three Pt microelectrodes with the width of working, counter, and reference electrodes (50, 250, and 250 µm, respectively) in the out-channel approach.
RESULTS
The system was devised to have the optimum detection potential equal to -1.2 V vs. pseudo-reference electrode. The dimensions of the SU-8 channel have 20 µm depth and 50 µm width. In the second step, an air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction technique was used to extract and preconcentration of analytes from human blood plasma. Then, 1, 2 di-bromoethan was used as extractant solvent, the analytes were preconcentrated, and the sedimented solvent (50 µL) was evaporated in a 60 ˚C water bath followed by substitution of running buffer containing 10% ethanol. The optimal extraction cycles were found to be 8 with adding 1% NaCl to the aqueous phase. Analyzing time of the mentioned analytes was less than 100s, the precision range was 3.3 - 8.2 with a linear range of 0.8-100 ppm and 1.2-100 ppm for FT and PA, respectively. The extraction recoveries were about 91% and 87% for FT and PA, respectively. The detection limits for FT and PA were 240 and 360 ppb, respectively. Finally, the reliability of the method was investigated by GC-FID.
CONCLUSION
The proposed method and device were validated and can be used as in situ and portable detection systems for detecting fenitrothion and parathion insecticides.
PubMed: 38938753
DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.25288 -
International Journal of Toxicology Jun 2024Organophosphate pesticides are widely used; however, their use is limited due to neurotoxicity and, to a lesser extent, cardiotoxicity in humans. Given the high energy...
Organophosphate pesticides are widely used; however, their use is limited due to neurotoxicity and, to a lesser extent, cardiotoxicity in humans. Given the high energy demands of cardiac muscle, which is characterized by a dense population of mitochondria, any damage to these organelles can exacerbate cardiotoxicity. This study aims to elucidate whether the cardiotoxic effects of organophosphate pesticides originate from mitochondrial dysfunction. To investigate this, toxicogenomic analyses were performed using various tools, such as the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database, GeneMANIA, STRING, and Cytoscape. Results revealed that 11 out of the 13 WHO-recommended Class Ia organophosphate pesticides target genes associated with cardiotoxicity. Notably, three of these genes were mitochondrial, with catalase (CAT) being the common differentially expressed gene among parathion, methyl parathion, and phorate. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction analysis indicated a strong association between CAT and superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial (SOD2). Subsequently, isolated heart mitochondria were utilized to assess CAT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities . The findings demonstrated that at a concentration of 7.5 ng/µL, both methyl parathion and phorate significantly decreased CAT activity by approximately 35%. Moreover, phorate reduced total SOD and SOD2 activities by 17% and 19%, respectively, at the same concentration. In contrast, none of the three organophosphate pesticides induced the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. These results suggest that the reduction in CAT and SOD2 activities, critical antioxidant enzymes, leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within mitochondria, ultimately resulting in mitochondrial damage. This mechanism likely underlies the observed cardiotoxicity induced by these organophosphate pesticides.
PubMed: 38897602
DOI: 10.1177/10915818241261624 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023In modern agricultural practices, organophosphorus pesticides or insecticides (OPs) are regularly used to restrain pests. Their limits are closely monitored since their...
A Multi-Enzyme Cascade Response for the Colorimetric Recognition of Organophosphorus Pesticides Utilizing Core-Shell Pd@Pt Nanoparticles with High Peroxidase-like Activity.
In modern agricultural practices, organophosphorus pesticides or insecticides (OPs) are regularly used to restrain pests. Their limits are closely monitored since their residual hinders the capability of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and brings out a threatening accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), which affects human well-being. Therefore, spotting OPs in food and the environment is compulsory to prevent human health. Several techniques are available to identify OPs but encounter shortcomings like time-consuming, operating costs, and slow results achievement, which calls for further solutions. Herein, we present a rapid colorimetric sensor for quantifying OPs in foods using TMB as a substrate, a multi-enzyme cascade system, and the synergistic property of core-shell Palladinum@Platinum (Pd@Pt) nanoparticles. The multi-enzyme cascade response framework is a straightforward and effective strategy for OPs recognition and can resolve the previously mentioned concerns. Numerous OPs, including Carbofuran, Malathion, Parathion, Phoxim, Rojor, and Phosmet, were successfully quantified at different concentrations. The cascade method established using Pd@Pt had a simple and easy operation, a lower detection limit range of (1-2.5 ng/mL), and a short detection time of about 50 min. With an R value of over 0.93, OPs showed a linear range of 10-200 ng/mL, portraying its achievement in quantifying pesticide residue. Lastly, the approach was utilized in food samples and recovered more than 80% of the residual OPs.
PubMed: 37685251
DOI: 10.3390/foods12173319 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Oct 2023In this work, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) including Fe-MIL-101 and Ti-MIL-125 were prepared and fixed on the melamine foam (MF) by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to...
In this work, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) including Fe-MIL-101 and Ti-MIL-125 were prepared and fixed on the melamine foam (MF) by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare MF/PVDF/MOFs, which was used as adsorbents in pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE) for rapid extraction of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). Then, a gas chromatograph-flame thermionic detector (GC-FTD) was used for simultaneous analysis of Dimethoate (DMT), Iprobenfos (IBF), Parathion-methyl (PAM), and Chlorpyrifos (CPF). The morphology, crystal structure, and functional groups of MF/PVDF/MOFs were characterized, indicating that Ti-MIL-125 and Fe-MIL-101 were successfully synthesized and distributed on MF. The Fe-MIL-101 and Ti-MIL-125 showed good extraction ability for OPPs, which was mainly due to the π-π interaction and the multiple porous structures. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) of four OPPs was 0.03-0.14 μg L and the RSDs were less than 9.9%. The developed PT-SPE method showed a short extraction time (<3 min). The recoveries in fruits and vegetables (Celery, cabbages, and oranges) ranged from 75.3%-118.8% (RSDs<9.6%). The prepared MF/PVDF/MOFs demonstrated the efficient extraction performance of OPPs, contributing to the rapid pretreatment of OPPs from food and the environment.
Topics: Pesticides; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Organophosphorus Compounds; Vegetables; Fruit; Solid Phase Extraction; Limit of Detection
PubMed: 37755595
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30055-0 -
Environmental Analysis, Health and... Mar 2024Developing countries like Nigeria are increasingly employing pesticides to boost the productivity of their agriculture and food supply, despite the fact that doing so...
Developing countries like Nigeria are increasingly employing pesticides to boost the productivity of their agriculture and food supply, despite the fact that doing so poses a health risk to the general populace. The purpose of this study was to assess pesticide residue levels in Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 18 samples from three neighbourhood markets were collected, and they were then examined for the presence of organochlorine (Endosulfan I, Pentachlorophenol, Heptachlor epoxide, and Endosulfan II) and organophosphate (Dichlorvos, Dimethoate, Phorate, and methyl parathion) residues. During the pre-treatment, the multi-residue Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS citrate) method with the addition of acetonitrile was used, and then samples were analysed using GC-MS. All of the samples contained dichlorvos, but the orange sample's concentration was below the limit of quantification, making quantification impossible. Dimethoate concentrations were below MRLs except waterleaf sample. With a concentration of 0.043 μg/mL, Waterleaf had the highest quantity of dimethoate in the sample. The findings of this study indicate that in order to safeguard the health of consumers, it is necessary to closely monitor organochlorine and organophosphate use nationwide, along with other related pesticides, and to test for pesticide residues in food products.
PubMed: 38631394
DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2024002