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Advances in Clinical Chemistry 2024The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the brain parenchyma and the peripheral blood. The BBB is... (Review)
Review
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the brain parenchyma and the peripheral blood. The BBB is mainly composed of endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes. The integrity of this structure is essential for maintaining brain and spinal cord homeostasis and protection from injury or disease. However, in various neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, the BBB can become compromised thus allowing passage of molecules and cells in and out of the central nervous system parenchyma. These agents, however, can serve as biomarkers of BBB permeability and neuronal damage, and provide valuable information for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Herein, we provide an overview of the BBB and changes due to aging, and summarize current knowledge on biomarkers of BBB disruption and neurodegeneration, including permeability, cellular, molecular and imaging biomarkers. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities for developing a biomarker toolkit that can reliably assess the BBB in physiologic and pathophysiologic states.
Topics: Blood-Brain Barrier; Humans; Biomarkers; Animals
PubMed: 38797540
DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.004 -
Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi Jan 2024There are many congenital anomalies of the lung, some of which have no clinical symptoms and are detected incidentally, while others, particularly in the neonatal and... (Review)
Review
There are many congenital anomalies of the lung, some of which have no clinical symptoms and are detected incidentally, while others, particularly in the neonatal and infant period, are recognized by their typical signs, symptoms, and radiological appearance. Some congenital lung anomalies are so important that they can cause the death of the patient if not diagnosed and treated early. Classification of congenital lung anomalies is difficult since these anomalies may be related to the airway, arterial and venous vascular system, pulmonary parenchyma, and primitive anterior intestinal anomalies from which the lung originates, and some anomalies may have several etiologic origins. In this review, all subgroups of congenital pulmonary malformations will be discussed.
PubMed: 38584784
DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2024.25713