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Developmental Neuropsychology Aug 2023Parent-youth relationships and parenting are critically important to adolescents' development. The present study examined associations between parenting behaviors (which...
Parent-youth relationships and parenting are critically important to adolescents' development. The present study examined associations between parenting behaviors (which included observed parent emotion expression and negative and positive parenting behaviors during a parent-adolescent interaction) and adolescent brain structure, and sex differences in associations, in 66 12-14 year-olds. The study found that 1) among all adolescents in the sample, greater parent negative emotion expression in parent-youth interactions was associated with greater adolescent gray matter volume (GMV) in the left hippocampus, 2) parent positive emotion expression was not associated with adolescent GMV, 3) several associations differed by sex. These findings suggest that parenting is important for adolescent brain structure and future work should consider this by sex.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Parenting; Brain; Parents; Emotions; Adolescent Development
PubMed: 37665378
DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2023.2254872 -
Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Parenting; Parents; Parent-Child Relations; Child
PubMed: 38491823
DOI: 10.1111/apa.17202 -
Prevention Science : the Official... Aug 2023In light of increasing migration rates and the unique experiences of immigrants, this meta-analysis examined the effects of parenting interventions for immigrants.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In light of increasing migration rates and the unique experiences of immigrants, this meta-analysis examined the effects of parenting interventions for immigrants. Specifically, we described the characteristics of parenting interventions for immigrants, examined cultural and/or linguistic adaptations made to the interventions, analyzed intervention effects, and examined potential moderating variables. Four electronic databases were searched in February 2021 for peer-reviewed articles published in English. Studies that involved immigrant parents, used an experimental design, and investigated an intervention targeting skills that parents could use directly with their children were included. Sixteen group design and two single-case design studies met inclusion criteria. The risk of publication bias was examined using funnel plots and found to be low. Overall, most parenting interventions for immigrants focused on young children and were delivered in groups. Interventions produced small to moderate effects on parent and child outcomes, which is comparable to those for the general population. All studies made cultural adaptations, with the most common being language. Moderator analyses indicate that the effects of interventions with surface structure adaptations were similar to those with deep structure adaptations. Limitations included the low methodological rigor of included studies and the exclusion of grey literature. More works of research on the relative effects of specific adaptations, such as ethnicity matching, are needed to better serve this population.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Parenting; Parents; Ethnicity; Emigrants and Immigrants; Language
PubMed: 36633767
DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01488-9 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Aug 2023The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted multiple aspects of family life, including normative tendencies for adolescents to establish independence from the family. This... (Review)
Review
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted multiple aspects of family life, including normative tendencies for adolescents to establish independence from the family. This disruption has had profound, but variable impacts on parent-adolescent relationships, strengthening them in some circumstances and increasing the risk for harsh parenting and maltreatment in others. Factors that moderated this influence include a family's financial situation and pandemic-related job loss, pre-existing characteristics of the parent-child relationship, and parent and adolescent mental health. Further research is needed to examine the mechanisms through which the pandemic continues to influence parent-adolescent relationships, with attention to policy-related impacts.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Parenting; Pandemics; COVID-19; Parents; Parent-Child Relations
PubMed: 37453182
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101637 -
Neuroscience Oct 2023Social interactions between parents and children are closely linked with children's development, and interbrain synchrony has been shown to be a neural marker of social... (Review)
Review
Social interactions between parents and children are closely linked with children's development, and interbrain synchrony has been shown to be a neural marker of social interaction. However, to truly capture the essence of social interactions through interbrain synchrony, it is necessary to simultaneously discuss the parental and child brains and adequately record neurological signals during parent-child interactions in interactive tasks. In the current review, we have reviewed three main contents. First, we discuss the correlation between parent-child interbrain synchrony and the development of cognitive (e.g., emotion regulation, attention, and learning) and behavioral abilities (e.g., cooperation, problem-solving) in children. Second, we examine the different neural mechanisms of interbrain synchrony in mother-child and father-child interactions, aiming to highlight the separate roles of mother and father in child development. Last, we have integrated four methods to enhance interbrain synchrony, including communication patterns, nonverbal behavior, music, and multichannel stimulation. A significant correlation exists between parent-child interbrain synchrony and the development of children's cognitive and behavioral abilities. This summary may be useful for expanding researchers' and practitioners' understanding of the ways in which parenting and the parent-child relationship shape children' cognitive and behavioral abilities.
Topics: Female; Humans; Parent-Child Relations; Brain; Mothers; Parenting; Thalamus
PubMed: 37657749
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.035 -
Family Process Sep 2023Single-parent families led by fathers are an increasing demographic globally, Furthermore, single fatherhood is associated with poorer self-reported health and mental...
Single-parent families led by fathers are an increasing demographic globally, Furthermore, single fatherhood is associated with poorer self-reported health and mental health, lifestyle practices and habits, increased health complications, psychological symptoms, hospital admissions, and higher mortality. However, there is still a dearth of evidence exploring single fathers' experiences. A systematic review and meta-synthesis were conducted using Sandelowski and Barroso's approach. Six electronic databases were searched from each database's inception to December 2021, and 34 studies were included in this review. In total, six themes were synthesized: (i) "Doing it alone": Double the work, stress, and tears; (ii) Beyond ambivalence and towards stability, (iii) Walking into the lion's den; (iv) Education as a foundation for a better future; (v) "Single but not alone": Support systems; (vi) "Reconceptualising my predicament": Double the love and growth. Our findings suggest the need to: help fathers better navigate their relationships with their children and ex-partners, increased awareness and availability of parent-teaching and support programs, and reform guidelines and policies to enable greater participation and involvement of fathers in future judicial systems, and social and public assistance services.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Parenting; Fathers; Single-Parent Family; Mental Health; Life Style
PubMed: 36305198
DOI: 10.1111/famp.12830 -
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Dec 2023Parenting children with conduct problems (CP) is challenging, yet very little research has examined parenting using both quantitative and qualitative methods, from the...
Parenting children with conduct problems (CP) is challenging, yet very little research has examined parenting using both quantitative and qualitative methods, from the perspective of the child and their parent/caregiver, and separately for those with high vs. low levels of callous-unemotional traits (HCU vs. LCU). One hundred and forty-six boys aged 11-16 [Typically developing (TD) n = 31; CP/HCU n = 35; CP/LCU n = 35] and their parents/caregivers completed the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire and provided a written qualitative statement describing their respective experiences of parenting/being parented. Parents/caregivers of CP/HCU boys reported more difficulty with child monitoring and supervision than parents of TD boys. This was echoed in qualitative reports of parents of CP/HCU boys reporting concerns regarding their child's safety. Parents/caregivers of both groups of CP boys reported more inconsistent discipline than parents of TD boys. Parental qualitative descriptions of challenging behavior in CP/HCU boys, and difficulties with setting boundaries and motivating CP/LCU boys, provided further insight to the potential triggers for inconsistent discipline. Qualitative reports from boys with CP indicated that they understood the parenting challenges their parents/caregivers faced. These findings replicate and extend previous work on the associations between parenting and CP. Children with CP/HCU and CP/LCU show some commonalities and differences in their parenting experiences and CP children and their parents/caregivers do not necessarily share all the same perceptions or concerns. CP interventions often involve parent/family engagement and this research highlights the continued importance of examining both parent and child perspectives.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Conduct Disorder; Parenting; Problem Behavior; Parents; Caregivers; Emotions; Empathy
PubMed: 36374342
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02109-0 -
Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social... Aug 2023Parental technological immersion during parenting activities has been shown to alter parent-child interactions. This concept, referred to as parental technoference, has... (Review)
Review
Parental technological immersion during parenting activities has been shown to alter parent-child interactions. This concept, referred to as parental technoference, has the potential to affect parent-child relationships and children's health and development. This scoping review utilized the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology to identify, describe, and summarize: (a) evidence of parental technoference on parent-child relationships, and children's health and development; (b) definitions and measurements of parental technoference; (c) research designs and methodologies used to investigate parental technoference; and (d) literature gaps. We searched MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews, JBI EBP Database, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus, as well as the reference lists of included studies for literature on parental technology use during parenting and parent-child interactions and its effects on parent-child relationships, and children's health and development. Sixty-four studies, found in 61 publications, met the review criteria. The effect of parental technoference on parent-child relationships was most studied, and findings demonstrated that parents recognized, and researchers observed, changes in parents' and children's behaviors. Adolescent self-reported mental health concerns and maladaptive technological behaviors (e.g., cyberbullying) were associated with more parental technoference, and findings highlighted safety concerns for children. Other aspects of children's development, although less studied, were also negatively impacted by parental technoference. No significant associations were found between parental technoference and children's medical and physiological health, yet these associations were the least studied. Additional research is needed to understand these associations and evaluate interventions designed to mitigate technoference harms.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Child Health; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Parents; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting
PubMed: 37347957
DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0278 -
Indian Pediatrics Nov 2023Adoption is gaining an increasing acceptance in the society, and is also being researched well globally; yet, the concept of single parent adoption (SPA) is viewed with...
Adoption is gaining an increasing acceptance in the society, and is also being researched well globally; yet, the concept of single parent adoption (SPA) is viewed with scepticism. Although, it is legally possible for prospective parents to proceed with adoption, there are several barriers which have made SPA a lengthy and arduous process. We present a strong case for SPA, in the absence of adequate research, by citing a basic flaw when fighting for SPA. Comparing SPA with a "two-parent model" is not only unreasonable but also unfair as it deprives a single parent of the pleasures of parenting and also denies the child an opportunity of living in a home outside the confines of an orphanage.
Topics: Child; Humans; Single Parent; Prospective Studies; Parents; Parenting; Parent-Child Relations
PubMed: 37950469
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychology and Psychotherapy Sep 2023Psychosis can present parents with complex parenting challenges and significant adverse outcomes for parents and their children have been reported. However, remarkably...
OBJECTIVES
Psychosis can present parents with complex parenting challenges and significant adverse outcomes for parents and their children have been reported. However, remarkably little is known about how parenting is experienced by these parents. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to understand the lived experiences of parents with psychosis, including how parenting support was experienced.
DESIGN AND METHODS
Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), eight biological parents (five mothers and three fathers) with psychosis were recruited and interviewed from early intervention in psychosis services in the Northwest of England.
RESULTS
Three superordinate themes and seven subordinate themes were identified. Theme 1 'Living with the Struggle: Painfully Disconnected' captured a persistent parenting struggle that distanced parents from their children and support due to all-consuming experiences of psychosis, fear and risk-focused service support. Theme 2 'Desired and Vulnerable Position: Comfortably Connected' captured parental experiences of symptom relief through connection with their children, alongside parental need to be integrated with the systems around them. Theme 3 'Exposed: Parenting Under a Spotlight' represented parental experiences of inescapable observation and judgement from the systems around them.
CONCLUSIONS
Novel insights into the role of misaligned parent and service priorities in parental perceptions of powerlessness, shame and disconnection from their children, valued parenting identities, and system supports are presented. Systemic interventions that target stigma, provide system-wide psychoeducation and promote person-centred, compassionate and meaningful connections between parents and the systems they live within are needed to promote better parenting outcomes.
Topics: Child; Humans; Parents; Psychotic Disorders; Parenting; Fear; Shame
PubMed: 36912129
DOI: 10.1111/papt.12458