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Journal of Physical Activity & Health Aug 2023Parents play an important role in shaping youth's lifestyle behaviors. This study aimed to investigate physical activity parenting practices (PAPP) for Chinese early...
BACKGROUND
Parents play an important role in shaping youth's lifestyle behaviors. This study aimed to investigate physical activity parenting practices (PAPP) for Chinese early adolescents and compare reporting discrepancies between parents and adolescent boys and girls.
METHODS
Fifty-five adolescent-parent dyads participated in 16 paired focus group interviews, and an additional 122 dyads completed questionnaire surveys with open-ended questions. Participants were recruited from 3 public middle schools in Suzhou, China. Qualitative data were analyzed inductively using an open-coding scheme. Frequencies of codes were compared by parent-child role and adolescent gender using chi-square tests.
RESULTS
Eighteen types of PAPP were identified and grouped into 6 categories: goals/control, structure, parental physical activity participation, communication, support, and discipline. These PAPP were viewed as promotive, preventive, or ineffective. Participants had mixed opinions on the effects of 11 PAPP and identified parental, adolescent, and environmental barriers for parents to promote youth physical activity. Compared with parents, adolescents were more likely to value the effects of setting expectation, scheduling, and coparticipation as well as dislike pressuring, restriction, and punishment. Girls were more likely to favor coparticipation and were more sensitive about negative communication than boys. Parents paid more attention to environmental barriers, whereas adolescents, especially girls, focused more on personal issues.
CONCLUSIONS
Future studies need to address both positive and negative PAPP as well as perception discrepancies by child-parent role and adolescent gender to generate more evidence to promote parents as favorable socialization agents of youth physical activity.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Parenting; Exercise; East Asian People; Parents; Parent-Child Relations
PubMed: 37279897
DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0433 -
Journal of Research on Adolescence :... Sep 2023Evidence suggests significant interrelations among parent and adolescent sleep (i.e., concordance). However, less is known regarding how parent-adolescent sleep...
Evidence suggests significant interrelations among parent and adolescent sleep (i.e., concordance). However, less is known regarding how parent-adolescent sleep concordance varies as a function of the family context. This study examined daily and average concordance between parent and adolescent sleep and explored adverse parenting and family functioning (e.g., cohesion, flexibility) as potential moderators. One hundred and twenty-four adolescents (M = 12.90) and their parents (93% mothers) wore actigraphy watches assessing sleep duration, efficiency, and midpoint across 1 week. Multilevel models indicated daily (within-family) concordance between parent and adolescent sleep duration and midpoint. Average (between-family) concordance was found for sleep midpoint only. Family flexibility was linked with greater daily concordance in sleep duration and midpoint, whereas adverse parenting predicted discordance in average sleep duration and efficiency.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Child; Sleep; Parents; Mothers; Actigraphy; Parenting
PubMed: 36810860
DOI: 10.1111/jora.12842 -
Journal of Adolescence Jul 2023Parental personality traits are predicted to influence offspring outcomes through parenting behavior and offspring personality traits. This study explored whether mother...
INTRODUCTION
Parental personality traits are predicted to influence offspring outcomes through parenting behavior and offspring personality traits. This study explored whether mother and father personality traits relate to offspring behavior problems in mid-late adolescence METHOD: In total, 3089 Australian adolescents (1576 boys, 1513 girls; M = 16.46 ± 0.50 years) and their parents completed questionnaires assessing personality, conduct problems, emotional and social functioning, antisocial and criminal behavior, cigarette smoking and drug use, at a single time-point.
RESULTS
After controlling for sociodemographic factors, results showed that problem behaviors in adolescence were most consistently related to mothers' scores on neuroticism and conscientiousness, and fathers' scores on neuroticism. Father personality traits were most important for antisocial and criminal behavior, whereas mother personality traits were most important for social and emotional functioning. Moderation analysis showed that associations between fathers' personality traits and some adolescent outcomes (cigarette smoking and drug use) were stronger for adolescent boys than for adolescent girls. Mediation models further demonstrated that adolescent personality traits mediated associations between parent personality and adolescent outcomes in almost all cases. Indirect effects expressed as a percentage showed that between 1.4% and 33.3% of the variance in the association between parent personality and adolescent outcomes was shared with the corresponding adolescent personality trait.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the findings of this study provide evidence that traits inherited (directly or indirectly) from parents might have an important role in shaping problem behavior in adolescence.
Topics: Male; Female; Adolescent; Humans; Problem Behavior; Australia; Parents; Personality; Mothers; Parenting; Adolescent Behavior
PubMed: 36942756
DOI: 10.1002/jad.12164 -
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 2023Considering the emphasis on parent-led sexual abuse education (PLSAE) in child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention, and the imperative of prevention in families living with...
Considering the emphasis on parent-led sexual abuse education (PLSAE) in child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention, and the imperative of prevention in families living with demonstrated risk factors, it is important to understand the extent to which this group delivers PLSAE to their children, whether this is associated with any barriers or facilitators, whether parents are engaging in other protective behaviors (such as monitoring and involvement) and the relationship between these variables and other risk factors such as parent and child symptomology. We surveyed 117 parents, with children ranging in age from 25-89 months (67% boys), attending a parenting program for assistance with a range of parenting difficulties and child behavior problems from 2020-22. A large majority of parents reported not giving their children comprehensive prevention messages, discussing body integrity and abduction dangers to a greater extent. PLSAE was significantly positively associated with child internalizing and externalizing symptoms; parent and child age; and discussion of body integrity and abduction. However, PLSAE was not associated with any other measured variables (protective parenting; CSA knowledge; parenting self-efficacy; general and own-child risk appraisal; parent burnout, stress, depression or anxiety; child diagnosis; parental education level; employment or marital status; or income). The current findings suggest that investing resources into increasing parental knowledge, risk perception and confidence may be misguided. Future endeavors should consider helping parents be protective in other ways, for example, through the creation of safe environments and reducing the risks of CSA.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child, Preschool; Child; Female; Parenting; Child Abuse, Sexual; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Child Abuse; Educational Status
PubMed: 37290017
DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2023.2222116 -
Journal of Family Psychology : JFP :... Dec 2023Utilizing an actor-partner interdependence model, this study examined whether dependency was transmitted from parents to their preschool-aged offspring and, if so,...
Utilizing an actor-partner interdependence model, this study examined whether dependency was transmitted from parents to their preschool-aged offspring and, if so, whether dependency-oriented parenting (DOP) mediated such transmission. The mothers and fathers of 488 preschool-aged Chinese children ( = 42.36 months, = 3.62 months) participated first at 1 month before entry into preschool (Time 1) and then 4 months later (Time 2). Positive relations were found between one parent's dependency and the child's physical dependency on that parent (i.e., actor effect), and one parent's dependency was negatively associated with the child's emotional dependency on the other parent (i.e., partner effect). Additionally, one parent's DOP positively predicted the child's emotional and physical dependency on that parent (i.e., actor effect). Moreover, one parent's DOP partially mediated the relation between the parent's dependency and the child's physical dependency on the parent (i.e., actor effect). Finally, both actor and partner effects were similar for mothers and fathers and for boys and girls. The findings highlight the importance of including both parents and examining actor and partner effects for a comprehensive understanding of the intergenerational transmission of dependency. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Male; Child; Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Parenting; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Mothers; Educational Status
PubMed: 37155263
DOI: 10.1037/fam0001105 -
Journal of Child Health Care : For... Jun 2024Parent and child wellbeing are reciprocal. Attentive, responsive parenting, is contingent on parental wellbeing. Insights into mechanisms of early parenting... (Review)
Review
Parent and child wellbeing are reciprocal. Attentive, responsive parenting, is contingent on parental wellbeing. Insights into mechanisms of early parenting interventions that seek to improve parent and child outcomes are needed. This scoping review aimed to systematically map research reporting on parenting interventions for parents experiencing early parenting difficulty. A secondary aim was to synthesise existing research using a realist lens, to provide context, mechanism and outcome insights into elements of early parenting interventions. A systematic search was conducted across six databases within the publication period of 2010-2020, to identify evidence on interventions targeting early parenting difficulty. Using pre-determined inclusion criteria, fifteen studies were selected for review. Deductive reflexive thematic analysis identified three themes: conceptual disparities in early parenting difficulty, early parenting intervention diversity and an absence of theory to explain interventions or outcomes. Neither early parenting difficulty nor the theoretical basis for early parenting interventions were well defined. Identification of contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of early parenting interventions is a unique contribution of this study. These insights may be used to inform planning, implementation and evaluation activities to promote context-focused, early parenting interventions targeting a critical phase of child development.
Topics: Humans; Parenting; Parents; Parent-Child Relations; Child Development; Child; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 35930709
DOI: 10.1177/13674935221116696 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... Dec 2023Given the robust evidence base for the efficacy of evidence-based treatments targeting youth anxiety, researchers have advanced beyond efficacy outcome analysis to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Given the robust evidence base for the efficacy of evidence-based treatments targeting youth anxiety, researchers have advanced beyond efficacy outcome analysis to identify mechanisms of change and treatment directionality. Grounded in developmental transactional models, interventions for young children at risk for anxiety by virtue of behaviorally inhibited temperament often target parenting and child factors implicated in the early emergence and maintenance of anxiety. In particular, overcontrolling parenting moderates risk for anxiety among highly inhibited children, just as child inhibition has been shown to elicit overcontrolling parenting. Although longitudinal research has elucidated the temporal unfolding of factors that interact to place inhibited children at risk for anxiety, reciprocal transactions between these child and parent factors in the context of early interventions remain unknown.
METHOD
This study addresses these gaps by examining mechanisms of change and treatment directionality (i.e., parent-to-child vs. child-to-parent influences) within a randomized controlled trial comparing two interventions for inhibited preschoolers (N = 151): the multicomponent Turtle Program ('Turtle') and the parent-only Cool Little Kids program ('CLK'). Reciprocal relations between parent-reported child anxiety, observed parenting, and parent-reported accommodation of child anxiety were examined across four timepoints: pre-, mid-, and post-treatment, and one-year follow-up (NCT02308826).
RESULTS
Hypotheses were tested via latent curve models with structured residuals (LCM-SR) and latent change score (LCS) models. LCM-SR results were consistent with the child-to-parent influences found in previous research on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for older anxious youth, but only emerged in Turtle. LCS analyses revealed bidirectional effects of changes in parent accommodation and child anxiety during and after intervention, but only in Turtle.
CONCLUSION
Our findings coincide with developmental transactional models, suggesting that the development of child anxiety may result from child-to-parent influences rather than the reverse, and highlight the importance of targeting parent and child factors simultaneously in early interventions for young, inhibited children.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child, Preschool; Parenting; Anxiety Disorders; Anxiety; Parents; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
PubMed: 37644651
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13879 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Aug 2023This systematic review and narrative synthesis characterized parents' physiological stress responses to child distress and how parents' physiological and behavioural... (Review)
Review
This systematic review and narrative synthesis characterized parents' physiological stress responses to child distress and how parents' physiological and behavioural responses relate. The review was pre-registered with PROSPERO (#CRD42021252852). In total, 3607 unique records were identified through Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Fifty-five studies reported on parents' physiological stress responses during their young child's (0-3 years) distress and were included in the review. Results were synthesized based on the biological outcome and distress context used and risk of bias was evaluated. Most studies examined cortisol or heart rate variability (HRV). Small to moderate decreases in parents' cortisol levels from baseline to post-stressor were reported across studies. Studies of salivary alpha amylase, electrodermal activity, HRV, and other cardiac outcomes reflected weak or inconsistent physiological responses or a paucity of relevant studies. Among the studies that examined associations between parents' physiological and behavioural responses, stronger associations emerged for insensitive parenting behaviours and during dyadic frustration tasks. Risk of bias was a significant limitation across studies and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Topics: Child; Humans; Parenting; Hydrocortisone; Parents; Heart Rate
PubMed: 37196925
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105229 -
Journal of Family Nursing Nov 2023A primary role in infant parenting is feeding, and this role undergoes a significant transition when introducing complementary foods (CF), with important long-term... (Review)
Review
A primary role in infant parenting is feeding, and this role undergoes a significant transition when introducing complementary foods (CF), with important long-term health implications. Understanding the influences on parental decision-making around timing the introduction to CF can help health care providers provide parents with effective support for feeding; however, the factors that influence parental decision-making have not been recently reviewed in the United States. To determine influences and information sources, this integrative review examined the literature from 2012 to 2022. Results indicated that parents are confused and distrustful of inconsistent and changing guidelines around CF introduction. Instead, developmental readiness signs may be a more appropriate way for practitioners and researchers to support parents in appropriate CF introduction. Future work is needed to evaluate interpersonal and societal influences on parental decision-making, as well as to develop culturally sensitive practices to support healthful parental decisions.
Topics: Infant; Humans; United States; Parents; Parenting; Decision Making
PubMed: 36899486
DOI: 10.1177/10748407231156914 -
The International Journal of Social... Nov 2023There is no consensus about the etiology of schizophrenia (SQZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Both hereditary and environmental factors are recognized, but the importance...
BACKGROUND
There is no consensus about the etiology of schizophrenia (SQZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Both hereditary and environmental factors are recognized, but the importance of variables like the role of parental attachment and trauma is still under research.
AIMS
Evaluate and compare the patient-parent bonding and the frequency and severity of various types of trauma in patients with SQZ, BD, and a control group from Primary Health Care.
METHOD
This study included 50 patients with SQZ and 50 with BD followed at a psychiatric hospital, through a convenience sample. Each participant of the clinical sample was paired with a control with no psychiatric background of the same gender and similar age, from a primary health center. Two scales were applied - Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF).
RESULTS
Regarding PBI, there was a higher frequency of the most dysfunctional attachment style (affectionless control), in patients with SQZ and BD, with < .001 (always), both for the father and the mother. In addition, ideal parenting style (optimal parenting) was significantly more common in control samples, with = .002 or <.001, both for the father and for the mother. Trauma was more frequent and severe in SQZ and BD than controls, in all evaluated dimensions. Again, differences between groups are obvious, with = .012 or <.001. Parental bonding style and scores in the care and overprotection dimensions were also correlated. The only parental bonding style in which correlations were found was in affectionless control. Correlations were more common in cases of neglect compared to abuse.
CONCLUSIONS
In this research we found important differences in terms of parental attachment and childhood trauma between patients with SQZ and BD, compared with controls of the same gender and age.
Topics: Female; Humans; Child; Bipolar Disorder; Schizophrenia; Case-Control Studies; Parents; Parenting
PubMed: 37095736
DOI: 10.1177/00207640231168037