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Chinese Medical Journal Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Erythema Infectiosum; Lymphadenopathy
PubMed: 37592836
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002789 -
Viruses Nov 2023Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) has a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from an asymptomatic infection to a life threatening one. During pregnancy, it can lead to fetal loss...
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) has a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from an asymptomatic infection to a life threatening one. During pregnancy, it can lead to fetal loss and hydrops fetalis. This retrospective study examined the incidence rates of B19V in Israel, analyzing anonymized electronic medical records of 2.7 million individuals between January 2015 and September 2023. A generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution was fit to the data, adjusting for potential confounders. A marked increase in B19V was observed in 2023, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 6.6 (95% CI 6.33-6.89) when comparing 2023 to previous years. When specifically comparing 2023 to COVID-19 years (2020-2022), adjusted IRR climbs to 9.21 (8.66-9.80). Moreover, in 2023, previously existing seasonality has largely disappeared. High SES characterized most infected individuals with a marked discrepancy in social sectors; the Arab population was significantly less likely to be found B19V positive, even when adjusting for SES. Most infections occurred in school-aged children (6-11 years old). Pregnant women experienced the most significant rise in B19V, with an adjusted IRR of 11.47 (9.44-13.97) in 2023 compared to previous years; most cases were diagnosed in the first trimester. This study demonstrates that Israel is currently experiencing the largest and longest reported outbreak of B19V to date. Policymakers should consider setting screening policies in place, at least for populations at risk, while specifically studying and potentially targeting low socioeconomic populations and specific social sectors to avoid health inequalities.
Topics: Child; Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Parvovirus B19, Human; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Retrospective Studies; Israel; Parvoviridae Infections; DNA, Viral
PubMed: 38005937
DOI: 10.3390/v15112261 -
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology... Nov 2023Goose parvovirus (GPV) has garnered global attention due to its association with severe symptoms in waterfowl. However, the process underlying the global emergence and...
Goose parvovirus (GPV) has garnered global attention due to its association with severe symptoms in waterfowl. However, the process underlying the global emergence and spread of GPV remains largely elusive. In this study, we illustrated the evolutionary characteristics of GPVs from a global perspective using phylogenetic analysis, recombination analysis, selection pressure analysis, and phylogeographic analysis. Our findings indicate that GPV and muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) diverge into two distinct branches. Within GPV, there are two classifications: classical GPV (C-GPV) and novel GPV (N-GPV), each containing three subgroups, underscoring the significant genetic diversity of GPV. Recombination analysis revealed 11 recombination events, suggesting C-GPV, N-GPV, and MDPV co-infections. Further, phylogeographic analysis revealed that China is an important exporter of GPV and that trade might serve as a potential transmission conduit. Nonetheless, a detailed understanding of its geographic transmission dynamics warrants further investigation due to the limited scope of current genomic data in our study. This study offers novel insights into the evolutionary state and spread of GPV, holding promise for informing preventive and containment strategies against GPV infection.
Topics: Animals; Phylogeography; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Parvoviridae Infections; Recombination, Genetic; Parvovirus; Geese
PubMed: 37812834
DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102079 -
Acta Ortopedica Brasileira 2023Osteoarthritis and Parvovirus B19 infection present silent and gradual evolution, since the former is a degenerative process while the latter is often asymptomatic and... (Review)
Review
Osteoarthritis and Parvovirus B19 infection present silent and gradual evolution, since the former is a degenerative process while the latter is often asymptomatic and may persist in the individual's body during their life. This study aims to analyze clinical studies that establish a correlation between degenerative osteoarthritis and Parvovirus B19 infection. Of the 62 studies found, 25 were chosen for reading in full. Analyzing only the studies that establish the correlation between the pathologies, seven confirm this relationship between Parvovirus B19 and Osteoarthritis, while one reports no relationship. No objective correlation could be found between the other articles studied. Our findings suggest that there is a close relationship between Parvovirus B19 and Osteoarthritis, with a higher prevalence of acquired causes, women and older adults, but it can manifest during life. However, it is essential to carry out new studies involving family history of patients with Osteoarthritis with positivity of Parvovirus B19, cohort studies between childhood and adult-old adult, so that it can elucidate this duality of congenital-acquired cause and, finally, raise treatment alternatives.
PubMed: 37469492
DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220233103e267046 -
Transplant Infectious Disease : An... Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Parvovirus B19, Human; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Erythema Infectiosum; Stem Cell Transplantation; Parvoviridae Infections
PubMed: 37610327
DOI: 10.1111/tid.14138 -
Reproduction in Domestic Animals =... Sep 2023Abortion in sows or the expulsion of foetuses between days 35 and 109 of gestation results in major financial losses. Abortion is the result of maternal failure due to... (Review)
Review
Abortion in sows or the expulsion of foetuses between days 35 and 109 of gestation results in major financial losses. Abortion is the result of maternal failure due to factors interfering with either the endocrine control of pregnancy or causing endometrial damage. In addition, causes of fetal origin, due to infections with a special affinity for the fetus, can also lead to abortion. Many different non-infectious and infectious factors may be involved. Non-infectious risk factors include inappropriate ambient temperature, seasonal effects, different stress factors, and toxic substances. Microorganisms that may cause abortion can be classified as facultative pathogenic and specific pathogenic microorganisms. The first category includes mostly bacteria that are endemic in many pig farms and that are normally harmless commensals. They can cause abortion only in case of decreased immunity or other predisposing factors. Different specific pathogenic microorganisms, especially viruses and bacteria, can cause fetal death and abortion. Some may have a special affinity for the reproductive tract and the foetuses (e.g. Aujeszky's disease virus, parvovirus, Leptospira sp.), while others may cause clinical disease or fever in sows (e.g. swine influenza viruses, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae), subsequently leading to abortion. Diagnosis of fetal death and abortion is challenging due to the broad array of processes that may be involved, and the fact that the inciting cause may happen well in advance of the abortion. The diagnostic process should start with a thorough evaluation of the clinical problem and the farm. In case an infectious cause is suspected, proper samples should be collected, preferably from different sows and foetuses, for the detection of specific pathogens. Prevention of abortion mainly relies on the implementation of good management practices, hygiene and biosecurity measures, and for some pathogens also on vaccination.
Topics: Pregnancy; Animals; Female; Swine; Farms; Fetus; Vaccination; Fetal Death; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 37724658
DOI: 10.1111/rda.14436 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Parvoviruses are a group of non-enveloped DNA viruses that have a broad spectrum of natural infections, making them important in public health. NS1 is the largest and... (Review)
Review
Parvoviruses are a group of non-enveloped DNA viruses that have a broad spectrum of natural infections, making them important in public health. NS1 is the largest and most complex non-structural protein in the parvovirus genome, which is indispensable in the life cycle of parvovirus and is closely related to viral replication, induction of host cell apoptosis, cycle arrest, DNA damage response (DDR), and other processes. Parvovirus activates and utilizes the DDR pathway to promote viral replication through NS1, thereby increasing pathogenicity to the host cells. Here, we review the latest progress of parvovirus in regulating host cell DDR during the parvovirus lifecycle and discuss the potential of cellular consequences of regulating the DDR pathway, targeting to provide the theoretical basis for further elucidation of the pathogenesis of parvovirus and development of new antiviral drugs.
Topics: Humans; Parvovirus; Parvoviridae Infections; Virus Replication; Parvovirus B19, Human; DNA Repair
PubMed: 38464523
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324531