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Plant Biotechnology Journal Sep 2023Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and cash crop. Pod size is one of the major traits determining yield and commodity characteristic of peanut....
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and cash crop. Pod size is one of the major traits determining yield and commodity characteristic of peanut. Fine mapping of quantitative trait locus (QTL) and identification of candidate genes associated with pod size are essential for genetic improvement and molecular breeding of peanut varieties. In this study, a major QTL related to pod size, qAHPS07, was fine mapped to a 36.46 kb interval on chromosome A07 using F , recombinant inbred line (RIL) and secondary F populations. qAHPS07 explained 38.6%, 23.35%, 37.48%, 25.94% of the phenotypic variation for single pod weight (SPW), pod length (PL), pod width (PW) and pod shell thickness (PST), respectively. Whole genome resequencing and gene expression analysis revealed that a RuvB-like 2 protein coding gene AhRUVBL2 was the most likely candidate for qAHPS07. Overexpression of AhRUVBL2 in Arabidopsis led to larger seeds and plants than the wild type. AhRUVBL2-silenced peanut seedlings represented small leaves and shorter main stems. Three haplotypes were identified according to three SNPs in the promoter of AhRUVBL2 among 119 peanut accessions. Among them, SPW, PW and PST of accessions carrying Hap_ATT represent 17.6%, 11.2% and 26.3% higher than those carrying Hap_GAC,respectively. In addition, a functional marker of AhRUVBL2 was developed. Taken together, our study identified a key functional gene of peanut pod size, which provides new insights into peanut pod size regulation mechanism and offers practicable markers for the genetic improvement of pod size-related traits in peanut breeding.
Topics: Arachis; Chromosome Mapping; Plant Breeding; Quantitative Trait Loci; Phenotype
PubMed: 37256840
DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14076 -
BMC Plant Biology Apr 2024This study aims to decipher the genetic basis governing yield components and quality attributes of peanuts, a critical aspect for advancing molecular breeding...
BACKGROUND
This study aims to decipher the genetic basis governing yield components and quality attributes of peanuts, a critical aspect for advancing molecular breeding techniques. Integrating genotype re-sequencing and phenotypic evaluations of seven yield components and two grain quality traits across four distinct environments allowed for the execution of a genome-wide association study (GWAS).
RESULTS
The nine phenotypic traits were all continuous and followed a normal distribution. The broad heritability ranged from 88.09 to 98.08%, and the genotype-environment interaction effects were all significant. There was a highly significant negative correlation between protein content (PC) and oil content (OC). The 10× genome re-sequencing of 199 peanut accessions yielded a total of 631,988 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with 374 significant SNP loci identified in association with the nine traits of interest. Notably, 66 of these pertinent SNPs were detected in multiple environments, and 48 of them were linked to multiple traits of interest. Five loci situated on chromosome 16 (Chr16) exhibited pleiotropic effects on yield traits, accounting for 17.64-32.61% of the observed phenotypic variation. Two loci on Chr08 were found to be strongly associated with protein and oil contents, accounting for 12.86% and 14.06% of their respective phenotypic variations, respectively. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) block analysis of these seven loci unraveled five nonsynonymous variants, leading to the identification of one yield-related candidate gene and two quality-related candidate genes. The correlation between phenotypic variation and SNP loci in these candidate genes was validated by Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, molecular markers were developed for genetic loci associated with yield and quality traits through a GWAS investigation of 199 peanut accessions across four distinct environments. These molecular tools can aid in the development of desirable peanut germplasm with an equilibrium of yield and quality through marker-assisted breeding.
Topics: Genome-Wide Association Study; Arachis; Quantitative Trait Loci; Plant Breeding; Chromosome Mapping; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 38575936
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04937-5 -
Food Technology and Biotechnology Mar 2024Peanut oil ( L.) is a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids. Its consumption has been reported to have biological effects on human health. Unsaturated, especially...
RESEARCH BACKGROUND
Peanut oil ( L.) is a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids. Its consumption has been reported to have biological effects on human health. Unsaturated, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) found in peanut oil are highly susceptible to oxidation, leading to the formation of harmful compounds during processing and storage. The aim of this study is to prevent the oxidation of peanut oil PUFA by encapsulation in a protein-polysaccharide complex using microwave drying.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
The combined effect of corn starch (CS) and whey protein isolate (WPI) was evaluated for ultrasound-assisted microwave encapsulation of peanut oil to prevent oxidative degradation. The effect of independent parameters, . CS:WPI mass ratio (1:1 to 5:1), lecithin mass fraction (0-5 %), ultrasonication time (0-10 min) and microwave power (150-750 W) on the encapsulation of peanut oil was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). The process responses, . viscosity and stability of the emulsion, encapsulation efficiency, peroxide value, antioxidant activity, free fatty acids (FFA), moisture, angle of repose and flowability (Hausner ratio (HR) and Carr's Index (CI)) were recorded and analysed to optimize the independent variables.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The viscosity of all emulsions prepared for encapsulation by ultrasonication ranged from 0.0069 to 0.0144 Pa·s and more than 90 % of prepared combinations were stable over 7 days. The observed encapsulation efficiency of peanut oil was 21.82-74.25 %. The encapsulation efficiency was significantly affected by the CS:WPI mass ratio and ultrasonication. The peroxide value, antioxidant activity and FFA ranged from 1.789 to 3.723 mg/kg oil, 19.81-72.62 % and 0.042-0.127 %, respectively. Physical properties such as moisture content, angle of repose, HR and CI were 1.94-8.70 %, 46.5-58.3°, 1.117-1.246 and 10.48-22.14 %, respectively. The physical properties were significantly affected by surface properties of the capsules. The higher efficiency (74.25 %) of peanut oil encapsulation was achieved under optimised conditions of CS:WPI mass ratio 1.25, 0.25 % lecithin, 9.99 min ultrasonication and 355.41 W microwave power.
NOVELTY AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION
The results of this work contribute to the fields of food science and technology by providing a practical approach to preserving the nutritional quality of peanut oil and improving its stability through encapsulation, thereby promoting its potential health benefits to consumers and applications in various industries such as dairy and bakery.
PubMed: 38601957
DOI: 10.17113/ftb.62.01.24.8206 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024Peanuts () are an essential oilseed crop known for their unique developmental process, characterized by aerial flowering followed by subterranean fruit development. This... (Review)
Review
Peanuts () are an essential oilseed crop known for their unique developmental process, characterized by aerial flowering followed by subterranean fruit development. This crop is polyploid, consisting of A and B subgenomes, which complicates its genetic analysis. The advent and progression of omics technologies-encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, and metabolomics-have significantly advanced our understanding of peanut biology, particularly in the context of seed development and the regulation of seed-associated traits. Following the completion of the peanut reference genome, research has utilized omics data to elucidate the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seed weight, oil content, protein content, fatty acid composition, sucrose content, and seed coat color as well as the regulatory mechanisms governing seed development. This review aims to summarize the advancements in peanut seed development regulation and trait analysis based on reference genome-guided omics studies. It provides an overview of the significant progress made in understanding the molecular basis of peanut seed development, offering insights into the complex genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that influence key agronomic traits. These studies highlight the significance of omics data in profoundly elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of peanut seed development. Furthermore, they lay a foundational basis for future research on trait-related functional genes, highlighting the pivotal role of comprehensive genomic analysis in advancing our understanding of plant biology.
PubMed: 38766472
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393438 -
Food Chemistry: X Jun 2024This study aimed to extract sturgeon oil (SO) from the sturgeon head and apply it to sturgeon meat to produce surimi gel. The effects of SO and its Pickering emulsion on...
This study aimed to extract sturgeon oil (SO) from the sturgeon head and apply it to sturgeon meat to produce surimi gel. The effects of SO and its Pickering emulsion on the qualities of surimi gel were investigated. The results demonstrated that Pickering emulsions improved the quality deterioration of the gel caused by the direct addition of SO, especially the soy isolate protein (SPI) emulsion and the pea isolate protein (PPI) emulsion. Pickering emulsions contributed to a more uniform and compact network structure of the gel, improved the texture properties, enhanced the freeze-thaw stability, and reduced lipid oxidation. Additionally, compared to the addition of exogenous lipids such as peanut oil and linseed oil, SO and its Pickering emulsion better maintained the characteristic flavor of sturgeon surimi gel. This study provides valuable data and feasible ideas for expanding the utilization of sturgeon by-products and developing new types of surimi gel products.
PubMed: 38803671
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101451 -
Genes Jan 2024Peanuts play a pivotal role as an economic crop on a global scale, serving as a primary source of both edible oil and protein. Peanut rust ( Speg.) disease constitutes a... (Review)
Review
Peanuts play a pivotal role as an economic crop on a global scale, serving as a primary source of both edible oil and protein. Peanut rust ( Speg.) disease constitutes a significant global biotic stress, representing a substantial economic threat to the peanut industry by inducing noteworthy reductions in seed yields and compromising oil quality. This comprehensive review delves into the distinctive characteristics and detrimental symptoms associated with peanut rust, scrutinizing its epidemiology and the control strategies that are currently implemented. Notably, host resistance emerges as the most favored strategy due to its potential to surmount the limitations inherent in other approaches. The review further considers the recent advancements in peanut rust resistance breeding, integrating the use of molecular marker technology and the identification of rust resistance genes. Our findings indicate that the ongoing refinement of control strategies, especially through the development and application of immune or highly resistant peanut varieties, will have a profound impact on the global peanut industry.
Topics: Arachis; Plant Breeding; Puccinia; Basidiomycota; Connective Tissue Diseases; Eczema; Seeds
PubMed: 38254991
DOI: 10.3390/genes15010102 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The cultivated peanut ( L.) is an important oilseed crop worldwide, and fatty acid composition is a major determinant of peanut oil quality. In the present study, we...
The cultivated peanut ( L.) is an important oilseed crop worldwide, and fatty acid composition is a major determinant of peanut oil quality. In the present study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for nine fatty acid traits using the whole genome sequences of 160 representative Chinese peanut landraces and identified 6-1195 significant SNPs for different fatty acid contents. Particularly for oleic acid and linoleic acid, two peak SNP clusters on Arahy.09 and Arahy.19 were found to contain the majority of the significant SNPs associated with these two fatty acids. Additionally, a significant proportion of the candidate genes identified on Arahy.09 overlap with those identified in early studies, among which three candidate genes are of special interest. One possesses a significant missense SNP and encodes a known candidate gene . The second gene is the gene closest to the most significant SNP for linoleic acid. It codes for an MYB protein that has been demonstrated to impact fatty acid biosynthesis in . The third gene harbors a missense SNP and encodes a JmjC domain-containing protein. The significant phenotypic difference in the oleic acid/linoleic acid between the genotypes at the first and third candidate genes was further confirmed with PARMS analysis. In addition, we have also identified different candidate genes (i.e., , , and ) for the remaining fatty acids. Our findings can help us gain a better understanding of the genetic foundation of peanut fatty acid contents and may hold great potential for enhancing peanut quality in the future.
PubMed: 38202325
DOI: 10.3390/plants13010016 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024Water stress is an important factor that substantially impacts crop production. As a result, there is a need for various strategies that can mitigate these negative...
Water stress is an important factor that substantially impacts crop production. As a result, there is a need for various strategies that can mitigate these negative effects. One such strategy is the application of potassium humate (Kh) and cobalt (Co), which have been reported to enhance the resistance of crop plants. Therefore, the present experiment was designed to investigate whether the application of Kh and Co could positively affect proline, chlorophyll and mineral elements contents, and antioxidant defense systems which in turn will mitigate the negative impact of water stress under different irrigation strategies. In 2021 and 2022, an open-field experiments were conducted by using a split-plot design. The main plots were divided to represent different irrigation strategies (ST), with additional control of full irrigation requirements (ST1). Four STs were implemented, with ST1, followed by the application of 75%, 50%, and 25% irrigation strategies in ST2, ST3, and ST4 respectively, in the next irrigation, followed by the full requirements, and so on. In the subplots, peanut plants were treated with tap water (Control), Kh at 2 g l and 3 g l, Co, Co + Kh 2 g l and Co + Kh 3 g l. The yield was negatively affected by the implementation of ST4, despite the increase in proline contents. Furthermore, there was a decrease in relative water content, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes, protein, and mineral nutrient elements. However, the application of Kh or Co showed better improvements in most of the studied parameters. It is worth noting that there was an antagonistic relationship between Co and iron/manganese, and the intensity of this relationship was found to depend on the STs implemented. The highest mineral nutrient accumulation, chlorophyll content, relative water content, protein content, oil content, seed yield, and water productivity were observed when peanut plants were treated with Kh 3 g l + Co under the ST2 water strategy.
Topics: Antioxidants; Arachis; Potassium; Dehydration; Cobalt; Proline; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; Minerals; Chlorophyll; Homeostasis; Nutrients
PubMed: 38238388
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50714-z -
Food Chemistry: X Jun 2024This study aimed to explore the possibility of enriching cold-pressed Virginia (VIO) and Valencia (VAO) peanut oils with omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) from walnut oil (WO)...
This study aimed to explore the possibility of enriching cold-pressed Virginia (VIO) and Valencia (VAO) peanut oils with omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) from walnut oil (WO) to produce blended oils with improved nutritional value. The oxidative stability of pure and blended oils was examined under accelerated conditions (60 °C) for 28 days. The FA and tocopherol profiles, as well as nutritional quality indices, were determined. As the proportion of WO increased in the blends, the levels of linoleic and α-linolenic essential FAs increased, while oleic acid content decreased. Furthermore, γ- and δ-tocopherol levels rose, whereas α-tocopherol declined. Among the studied blends, VIO:WO blends, especially at a (70:30) ratio, were nutritionally favorable with a balanced FA profile. During storage, notable changes were observed in tocopherol levels, along with subtle alterations in the FA profile of the blended oils. Hence, the oxidative stability of pure VIO and VAO decreased with WO incorporation.
PubMed: 38803670
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101453 -
ACS Omega Apr 2024Edible oil is essential for people's daily life but also results in a large amount of oily wastewater simultaneously. Oil-water separation is a practical route that can...
Edible oil is essential for people's daily life but also results in a large amount of oily wastewater simultaneously. Oil-water separation is a practical route that can not only purify wastewater but also recycle valuable edible oil. In this study, the superhydrophobic copper mesh (SCM) was prepared by chemical etching, and a novel oil-water centrifugal device was designed for high-efficiency separation of edible oil wastewater. The kernel is a self-prepared SCM, which has a water contact angle (WCA) of 155.1 ± 1.8° and an oil contact angle (OCA) of 0°. Besides, the separation performance of the SCM for edible oil-water mixtures was studied in this study. The results showed that the SCM exhibited excellent oil/water separation performance, with a separation efficiency of up to 96.7% for sunflower seed oil-water wastewater, 93.3% for corn oil-water wastewater, and 98.3% for peanut oil-water wastewater, respectively. Moreover, the separation efficiency was still over 90% after 18 cycles. A model was established to analyze the oil-water separation mechanism via centrifugation. The oil-water centrifugal separation device has great potential for scale-up applications.
PubMed: 38617616
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10436