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Nutrients Nov 2023Over the last few decades, numerous scientific studies have investigated the possible association between sleep duration and adiposity during childhood, since it has... (Review)
Review
Over the last few decades, numerous scientific studies have investigated the possible association between sleep duration and adiposity during childhood, since it has been reported that sleep deprivation causes a related increase in caloric intake. Even though the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are still under study and not completely known, the effect of dietetic habits and nutrient intake on sleep quality and patterns has been reported. The aim of this study is to explore the intricate interplay between food intake/diet patterns and pediatric sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with obesity, emphasizing the importance of not underestimating this aspect in the prevention and treatment of this complex disease. Recent evidence supports a high correlation between specific diet patterns and foods with sleep disturbances in children at all ages. Diets rich in fiber, fruit, vegetables, and anti-inflammatory nutrients and low in saturated fats seem to promote better sleep quality. Sleep disturbances are, in turn, risk factors for the development of obesity. Therefore, food strategies should be applied to counteract this harmful process. Unraveling the complex links between dietary habits, sleep patterns, and obesity is essential for developing effective strategies to combat this critical public health issue.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Pediatric Obesity; Diet; Energy Intake; Fruit; Sleep Deprivation; Feeding Behavior; Eating; Dietary Fiber; Sleep
PubMed: 38004130
DOI: 10.3390/nu15224736 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2024To present the different aspects that may be involved in the genesis and maintenance of obesity in children and adolescents. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To present the different aspects that may be involved in the genesis and maintenance of obesity in children and adolescents.
DATA SOURCE
Narrative review of articles published in the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, using the search terms: overweight, obesity, pre-conception, prenatal, infants, schoolchildren, children, and adolescents. The search was conducted in studies written in Portuguese, English and Spanish, including narrative, integrative or systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies, published between 2003 and 2023.
DATA SYNTHESIS
A total of 598 studies were initially screened and 60 of them, which showed the main biopsychosocial aspects related to greater risks of excessive adiposity in the pediatric age, were included in the review. The data were presented taking into account the incidence of risk factors and their consequences in six periods: pre-conception, pre-natal, infant, preschool, school age, and adolescence.
CONCLUSIONS
The causal factors described in the scientific literature that have been shown to be related to obesity in childhood and adolescence are presented.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Adiposity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Factors; Infant, Newborn; Review Literature as Topic; Meta-Analysis as Topic
PubMed: 37918812
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.09.011 -
Nutrients Feb 2024The increasing incidence of obesity in the pediatric population requires attention to its serious complications. It turns out that in addition to typical, well-known... (Review)
Review
The increasing incidence of obesity in the pediatric population requires attention to its serious complications. It turns out that in addition to typical, well-known metabolic complications, obesity as a systemic disease carries the risk of equally serious, although less obvious, non-metabolic complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic kidney disease, asthma, thyroid dysfunction, immunologic and dermatologic conditions, and mental health problems. They can affect almost all systems of the young body and also leave their mark in adulthood. In addition, obesity also contributes to the exacerbation of existing childhood diseases. As a result, children suffering from obesity may have a reduced quality of life, both physically and mentally, and their life expectancy may be shortened. It also turns out that, in the case of obese pregnant girls, the complications of obesity may also affect their unborn children. Therefore, it is extremely important to take all necessary actions to prevent the growing epidemic of obesity in the pediatric population, as well as to treat existing complications of obesity and detect them at an early stage. In summary, physicians treating a child with a systemic disease such as obesity must adopt a holistic approach to treatment.
Topics: Child; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Quality of Life; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Biochemical Phenomena
PubMed: 38398863
DOI: 10.3390/nu16040539 -
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Nov 2023Pediatric obesity is a global public health concern. Obesity-related physiological changes may affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs and lead to therapeutic failure or... (Review)
Review
Pediatric obesity is a global public health concern. Obesity-related physiological changes may affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs and lead to therapeutic failure or toxicities. An earlier review of pediatric drug development programs from 2007 to 2016 found that, of 89 programs listing obesity-related terms, only 4 (4%) products described pharmacokinetic changes associated with obesity. This review examined obesity considerations for 185 drug products for which pediatric drug development programs were submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2016 and 2021. The FDA-authored review documents and drug product labeling were queried for obesity-related terms and the review found 97/185 (52%) drug products had obesity-related terms in these sources. Of the 97 drug products, 55/97 (57%) had obesity-related terms in the FDA-authored reviews only, 13/97 (13%) had obesity-related terms in the drug product labeling only, and 29/97 (30%) had obesity-related terms in both FDA-authored reviews and drug product labeling. Most of the obesity-related information in the drug product labeling originated from data collected from adults. Only 13/185 (7%) drug product labeling contained obesity-related terms in reference to drug pharmacokinetics. Specific dosage recommendations for the use of the drug products in pediatric patients who are obese remain lacking. The dearth of available information to guide drug dosages in the obese pediatric population suggests that further research, innovative approaches, and evidence-based guidelines are needed to inform the optimal therapeutic use of drugs in this population.
Topics: Adult; United States; Child; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Drug Development; Pediatric Obesity; Drug Labeling; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 37942908
DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2305 -
Investigative and Clinical Urology Mar 2024Pediatric obesity is increasing in many countries as socioeconomic status improves and the consumption of high calorie food increases. Thus, effect of obesity on genital...
PURPOSE
Pediatric obesity is increasing in many countries as socioeconomic status improves and the consumption of high calorie food increases. Thus, effect of obesity on genital development is an important topic. This study aimed to determine relationships of body mass index (BMI) with penile parameters and testicular volume in pediatric patients without penile or testicular abnormalities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data from 1,499 male pediatric patients from our center were analyzed. Patients with penile or testicular abnormalities were excluded. Their age ranged from 2 to 18 years. These patients were divided into two groups based on their BMI: normal BMI (5th-85th percentile) and high BMI (≥85th percentile). Factors used in analysis included age, anthropometric indicators, baseline penile length (BPL), stretched penile length (SPL), penile circumference (PC), and mean testicular volume. These same parameters were analyzed for different age groups.
RESULTS
Pediatric patients with normal BMI showed longer BPL and SPL than patients with high BMI (p<0.05). However, PC and mean testicular volumes showed no significant difference between the two groups. BPL was significantly longer in the normal BMI group starting at ten years of age. SPL was significantly longer in the normal BMI group starting at eleven years of age.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study confirms that having a higher BMI during childhood has a negative effect on penile length. However, there was no significant relationship between BMI and PC or testicular volume.
Topics: Humans; Male; Child; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Testis; Pediatric Obesity; Body Mass Index; Anthropometry; Penis
PubMed: 38454829
DOI: 10.4111/icu.20230287 -
The Journal of Asthma : Official... Jul 2023We hypothesized that children with obesity-related asthma would have worse self-reported asthma control, report an increased number of asthma symptoms and have lower...
OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that children with obesity-related asthma would have worse self-reported asthma control, report an increased number of asthma symptoms and have lower FEV/FVC associated with worse clinical asthma outcomes compared to children with asthma only.
METHODS
Cross sectional analyses examined two hundred and eighteen (obesity-related asthma = 109, asthma only = 109) children, ages 7-15 that were recruited from clinics and hospitals within the Bronx, NY. Pulmonary function was assessed by forced expiratory volume in the first second (percent predicted FEV) and the ratio of FEV to the forced vital capacity of the lungs (FEV/FVC). Structural equation modeling examined if pulmonary function was associated with asthma control and clinical outcomes between groups.
RESULTS
Lower percent predicted FEV was associated with increased hospitalizations ( = 0.03) and oral steroid bursts in the past 12 months ( = 0.03) in the obesity-related asthma group but not in the asthma only group. FEV/FVC was also associated with increased hospitalizations ( = 0.02) and oral steroid bursts ( = 0.008) in the obesity-related asthma group but not the asthma only group. Lower FEV/FVC was associated with the number of asthma symptoms endorsed in the asthma only group but not in the obesity-related asthma group. Percent predicted FEV and FEV/FVC was not associated with asthma control in either group.
CONCLUSIONS
Pulmonary function was associated with oral steroid bursts and hospitalizations but not self-reported asthma control, suggesting the importance of incorporating measures of pulmonary function into the treatment of pediatric obesity-related asthma.
Topics: Child; Humans; Asthma; Cross-Sectional Studies; Lung; Forced Expiratory Volume; Vital Capacity; Pediatric Obesity; Steroids
PubMed: 36420526
DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2152351 -
Clinical Pediatrics Jun 2024For pediatric patients with cancer, a healthy lifestyle is important for treatment outcomes and beyond. General pediatricians play a major role in the care of these... (Review)
Review
For pediatric patients with cancer, a healthy lifestyle is important for treatment outcomes and beyond. General pediatricians play a major role in the care of these patients, particularly given the improved rates of survival. Pediatric obesity has many negative consequences, but it is an area where primary care providers can make an impact and provide support to childhood cancer survivors. To provide the best quality of care for this population, there must be collaboration between primary care and oncology providers. Additionally, general practioners should feel empowered to offer standard nutrition and physical activity recommendations to all childhood cancer survivors. For pediatric patients who carry a cancer diagnosis, cure is no longer the only goal. Pediatric providers across specialties need to work as a team to improve long-term quality of life for these patients, starting with modifiable healthy habits.
Topics: Humans; Child; Pediatric Obesity; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Pediatrics; Pediatricians; Cancer Survivors; Physician's Role; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 37542412
DOI: 10.1177/00099228231191957 -
Journal of Hypertension Jul 2023The causal relationship between childhood obesity and hypertension in pregnancy remains unclear. To examine the causal association between childhood obesity and...
BACKGROUND
The causal relationship between childhood obesity and hypertension in pregnancy remains unclear. To examine the causal association between childhood obesity and hypertension in pregnancy, two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was applied.
METHODS
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with childhood obesity were obtained from a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 13 848 European individuals. Summary-level data for hypertension in pregnancy were obtained from the FinnGen consortium (11534 cases and 162212 controls). Inverse-variance weighted analysis, weighted-median analysis, and Mendelian randomization-Egger regression were conducted in this Mendelian randomization analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the accuracy and robustness of our results.
RESULTS
Genetically determined childhood obesity significantly affects hypertension in pregnancy by IVW [odds ratio (OR) = 1.161, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.086-1.039; P = 9.92 × 10 -6 ] and weighted median (OR = 1.123, 95% CI 1.038-1.214; P = 0.004). These results were validated by multiple sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSION
A causal effect between genetically predicted childhood obesity and the risk of hypertension in pregnancy was identified. The prevention of hypertension in pregnancy should be promoted in populations with childhood obesity.
Topics: Child; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Pediatric Obesity; Hypertension; Odds Ratio; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 37074353
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003442 -
Nutrients Dec 2023Nutrition interventions to prevent pediatric obesity can help to establish healthy habits to improve current and future health. The objective of this umbrella review of... (Review)
Review
Nutrition interventions to prevent pediatric obesity can help to establish healthy habits to improve current and future health. The objective of this umbrella review of systematic reviews (SRs) is to examine the impact of obesity prevention interventions with a nutrition component on body mass index measures, overweight/obesity prevalence, and cost-effectiveness in participants 2-17 years old. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methods were used, and this umbrella review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023443033). Included SRs were required to search ≥2 databases and to assess the risk of bias (RoB) of primary studies, and they were published 2017-June 2023. Database searches identified 4776 articles, and 31 SRs were included. In all age groups combined, interventions with both nutrition and physical activity were effective and cost-effective in all settings combined, and in the community setting specifically. In children ≤5 years old, interventions in the home and family, community, and healthcare settings demonstrated some efficacy, whereas in children 6-12 years old, school interventions were most effective. Evidence with individuals 13-17 years was limited. The certainty of evidence was generally low due to RoB in included studies, inconsistency, and imprecision. Pediatric obesity prevention interventions with nutrition should be tailored to the developmental stage to ensure appropriateness and efficacy.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Pediatric Obesity; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Body Mass Index; Overweight; Exercise
PubMed: 38140356
DOI: 10.3390/nu15245097 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Dec 2023Obesity is the leading risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Childhood obesity represents an alarming health challenge because... (Review)
Review
Obesity is the leading risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Childhood obesity represents an alarming health challenge because children with obesity are prone to remain with obesity throughout their life and have an increased morbidity and mortality risk. The ability of adipose tissue to store lipids and expand in size during excessive calorie intake is its most remarkable characteristic. Cellular and lipid turnovers determine adipose tissue size and are closely related with metabolic status. The mechanisms through which adipose tissue expands and how this affects systemic metabolic homeostasis are still poorly characterized. Furthermore, the mechanism through which increased adiposity extends from childhood to adulthood and its implications in metabolic health are in most part, still unknown. More studies on adipose tissue development in healthy and children with obesity are urgently needed. In the present review, we summarize the dynamics of white adipose tissue, from developmental origins to the mechanisms that allows it to grow and expand throughout lifetime and during obesity in children and in different mouse models used to address this largely unknown field. Specially, highlighting the role that excessive adiposity during the early life has on future's adipose tissue dynamics and individual's health.
Topics: Child; Animals; Mice; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Pediatric Obesity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Adipose Tissue; Adipose Tissue, White; Adiposity
PubMed: 37608466
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13627