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Nutrients Nov 2023Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a rare chronic cholestatic liver disease, is characterized by intrahepatic or extrahepatic strictures accompanied by biliary...
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a rare chronic cholestatic liver disease, is characterized by intrahepatic or extrahepatic strictures accompanied by biliary fibrosis. So far, there are no effective therapies to slow down the progression of this disease. Farnesoid X receptors (FXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in the control of bile acid (BA) synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. Therefore, targeting FXRs holds promise as a potential approach for treating PSC. Li05 is a probiotic that was isolated from healthy volunteers and has previously been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect in DSS-induced colitis. In this study, we established a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-Dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced cholestasis mouse model and investigated the effects of Li05 on PSC. Our findings revealed that administration of Li05 significantly attenuated liver damage, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as bile duct hyperplasia. Li05 activated the hepatic FXR-SHP and ileal FXR-FGF15 signaling pathways to decrease the expression of Cyp7a1. In addition, the Li05-modulated gut microbiota structure especially improved the abundance of 7α-dehydroxylation bacteria like . The intervention of Li05 also improved the intestinal barrier and reduced bacterial endotoxin translocation. Based on these findings, Li05 shows promise for future application as a therapeutic strategy for cholestasis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Humans; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholestasis; Liver; Probiotics; Endotoxins; Fibrosis
PubMed: 38068723
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234864 -
Diabetologia Nov 2023Modulation of gut microbiota has emerged as a promising strategy to treat or prevent the development of different metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and...
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS
Modulation of gut microbiota has emerged as a promising strategy to treat or prevent the development of different metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. Previous data from our group suggest that the strain Pediococcus acidilactici CECT9879 (pA1c) could be an effective probiotic for regulating glucose metabolism. Hence, the objectives of this study were to verify the effectiveness of pA1c on glycaemic regulation in diet-induced obese mice and to evaluate whether the combination of pA1c with other normoglycaemic ingredients, such as chromium picolinate (PC) and oat β-glucans (BGC), could increase the efficacy of this probiotic on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
METHODS
Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a screening model to describe the potential synbiotic activities, together with the underlying mechanisms of action. In addition, 4-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFS) for 6 weeks to induce hyperglycaemia and obesity. Mice were then divided into eight groups (n=12 mice/group) according to dietary supplementation: control-diet group; HFS group; pA1c group (10 colony-forming units/day); PC; BGC; pA1c+PC+BGC; pA1c+PC; and pA1c+BGC. Supplementations were maintained for 10 weeks. Fasting blood glucose was determined and an IPGTT was performed prior to euthanasia. Fat depots, liver and other organs were weighed, and serum biochemical variables were analysed. Gene expression analyses were conducted by real-time quantitative PCR. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from faecal samples of each group was performed, and differential abundance for family, genera and species was analysed by ALDEx2R package.
RESULTS
Supplementation with the synbiotic (pA1c+PC+BGC) counteracted the effect of the high glucose by modulating the insulin-IGF-1 signalling pathway in C. elegans, through the reversal of the glucose nuclear localisation of daf-16. In diet-induced obese mice, all groups supplemented with the probiotic significantly ameliorated glucose tolerance after an IPGTT, demonstrating the glycaemia-regulating effect of pA1c. Further, mice supplemented with pA1c+PC+BGC exhibited lower fasting blood glucose, a reduced proportion of visceral adiposity and a higher proportion of muscle tissue, together with an improvement in the brown adipose tissue in comparison with the HFS group. Besides, the effect of the HFS diet on steatosis and liver damage was normalised by the synbiotic. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that the synbiotic activity was mediated not only by modulation of the insulin-IGF-1 signalling pathway, through the overexpression of GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 mediators, but also by a decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1. 16S metagenomics demonstrated that the synbiotic combinations allowed an increase in the concentration of P. acidilactici, together with improvements in the intestinal microbiota such as a reduction in Prevotella and an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION
Our data suggest that the combination of pA1c with PC and BGC could be a potential synbiotic for blood glucose regulation and may help to fight insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Male; Synbiotics; Caenorhabditis elegans; Pediococcus acidilactici; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Mice, Obese; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Diet, High-Fat; Insulin; Glucose
PubMed: 37584728
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05981-w -
International Microbiology : the... Nov 2023The gut microbiota is closely related to the development of sepsis. The aim of this study was to explore changes in the gut microbiota and gut metabolism, as well as...
The gut microbiota is closely related to the development of sepsis. The aim of this study was to explore changes in the gut microbiota and gut metabolism, as well as potential relationships between the gut microbiota and environmental factors in the early stages of sepsis. Fecal samples were collected from 10 septic patients on the first and third days following diagnosis in this study. The results showed that in the early stages of sepsis, the gut microbiota is dominated by microorganisms that are tightly associated with inflammation, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcus. On sepsis day 3 compared to day 1, there was a significant decrease in Lactobacillus and Bacteroides and a significant increase in Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, and Parabacteroides. Culturomica_massiliensis, Prevotella_7 spp., Prevotellaceae, and Pediococcus showed significant differences in abundance on sepsis day 1, but not on sepsis day 3. Additionally, 2-keto-isovaleric acid 1 and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone metabolites significantly increased on sepsis day 3 compared to day 1. Prevotella_7 spp. was positively correlated with phosphate and negatively correlated with 2-keto-isovaleric acid 1 and 3-hydroxypropionic acid 1, while Prevotella_9 spp. was positively correlated with sequential organ failure assessment score, procalcitonin and intensive care unit stay time. In conclusion, the gut microbiota and metabolites are altered during sepsis, with some beneficial microorganisms decreasing and some pathogenic microorganisms increasing. Furthermore, Prevotellaceae members may play different roles in the intestinal tract, with Prevotella_7 spp. potentially possessing beneficial health properties and Prevotella_9 spp. potentially playing a promoting role in sepsis.
Topics: Humans; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Enterobacteriaceae; Sepsis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 37145385
DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00363-z -
Animal Health Research Reviews Dec 2023Animal husbandry is increasingly under pressure to meet world food demand. Thus, strategies are sought to ensure this productivity increment. The objective of this... (Review)
Review
Animal husbandry is increasingly under pressure to meet world food demand. Thus, strategies are sought to ensure this productivity increment. The objective of this review was to gather advances in the use of bacterial probiotics in animal production. Lactobacilli correspond to the most used bacterial group, with several beneficial effects already reported and described, as well as the and genera - being the latter expressively used in aquaculture. Research on the genus is mostly focused on human health, which demonstrates great effects on blood biochemical parameters. Such results sustain the possibility of expanding its use in veterinary medicine. Other groups commonly assessed for human medicine but with prospective expansion to animal health are the genera and , which have been demonstrating interesting effects on the prevention of viral diseases, and in dentistry, respectively. Although bacteria from the genera and also have great potential for use in animal production, a complete characterization of the candidate strain must be previously made, due to the existence of pathogenic and/or spoilage variants. It is noteworthy that a growing number of studies have investigated the genus , but still in very early stages. However, the hitherto excellent results endorse its application. In this way, in addition to the fact that bacterial probiotics represent a promising approach to promote productivity increase in animal production, the application of other strains than the traditionally employed genera may allow the exploitation of novel mechanisms and enlighten unexplored possibilities.
PubMed: 38073081
DOI: 10.1017/S1466252323000063 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Oct 2023In this study, bacterial ghosts (BGs) were generated from Weissella koreensis LKS42 (WKorGs) and Pediococcus pentosacues KA94 (PPGs) by chemically inducing lysis using...
In this study, bacterial ghosts (BGs) were generated from Weissella koreensis LKS42 (WKorGs) and Pediococcus pentosacues KA94 (PPGs) by chemically inducing lysis using substances such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), n-butanol, and C6H8O7. HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs exhibited complete removal of DNA and displayed transverse membrane dissolution tunnel structures under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell viability assays showed high viability of RAW 264.7 cells exposed to HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs. Additionally, treatment with HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs elevated mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in RAW 264.7 cells. These findings suggest that HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs have the potential to be used as inactivated bacterial immunostimulants, highlighting their promising applications in immunization and immunotherapy.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Immunization; Weissella; Cytokines
PubMed: 37597299
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.049 -
PeerJ 2023The microbial fermentation behind sourdough bread is among our oldest technologies, yet there are many opportunities for sourdough science to learn from traditional...
The microbial fermentation behind sourdough bread is among our oldest technologies, yet there are many opportunities for sourdough science to learn from traditional bakers. We analyzed 16S rRNA sequences in R to assess the bacterial community structure and performance of 40 starters grown from 10 types of flour over 14 days, and identified six distinct stages of succession. At each stage, bacterial taxa correlate with determinants of bread quality including pH, rise, and aromatic profile. Day 1 starter cultures were dominated by microorganisms commonly associated with plants and flour, and by aromas similar to toasted grain/cereal. Bacterial diversity peaked from days 2-6 as taxa shifted from opportunistic/generalist bacteria associated with flour inputs, toward specialized climax bacterial communities (days 10-14) characterized by acid-tolerant taxa and fruity ( < 3.03e-03), sour ( < 1.60e-01), and fermented ( < 1.47e-05) aromas. This collection of traits changes predictably through time, regardless of flour type, highlighting patterns of bacterial constraints and dynamics that are conserved across systems and scales. Yet, while sourdough climax communities exhibit similar markers of maturity (., pH ≤ 4 and enriched in (mean abundance 48.1%), (mean abundance 22.7%), and/or (mean abundance 19.1%)), we also detected specific taxa and aromas associated with each type of flour. Our results address important ecological questions about the relationship between community structure and starter performance, and may enable bakers to deliberately select for specific sourdough starter and bread characteristics.
Topics: Flour; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fermentation; Bacteria; Lactobacillus
PubMed: 37810791
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16163 -
Heliyon Nov 2023Lactic Acid Bacteria play an important role in the milk fermentation processes of traditional cheeses and have become an important target for the development of novel...
Lactic Acid Bacteria play an important role in the milk fermentation processes of traditional cheeses and have become an important target for the development of novel cheese cultures because of their ability to confer health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential of 12 Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains previously isolated and molecularly identified from an artisanal Colombian Double-Cream Cheese. Probiotic properties, including safety (hemolysis and sensibility to antibiotics), pH and bile salt tolerance, auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity, and exopolysaccharide production, were examined. None of the strains were hemolytic, and (16, 18) and (28, 29) were found to be sensitive to all antibiotics. Moreover, all the strains tolerated pH (3.0, 6.5 and 8.0) and bile salt conditions (0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 % w/v). (16), (17), (18), (21,22), (24) and (29) exhibited medium autoaggregation and affinity to chloroform. Six of the strains exhibited a ropy exopolysaccharide phenotype. Antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens, Typhimurium ATCC 14028, ATCC 19111, ATCC 25922 and ATCC 25923, was found to be strain dependent, with the strains 16, 18, 21, 26, 28 and 29 presenting a higher inhibition (>4 mm) against all of them. According to Principal Component Analysis, (16), (26), i (28), (29), and (21) showed strong probiotic properties. Our findings suggest that five strains out of the 12 sampled strains are potential probiotics that could be used in the processing of traditional dairy products on an industrial scale to improve their quality.
PubMed: 38027952
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21558 -
Journal of Veterinary Research Mar 2024The broiler chicken digestive tract microbiome maintains the bird's immunity. Its composition has been shown to be important not only for the immune system but also for...
INTRODUCTION
The broiler chicken digestive tract microbiome maintains the bird's immunity. Its composition has been shown to be important not only for the immune system but also for the gastrointestinal function and productivity of broiler chickens. If the microbiome is populated by supplementation with and spp. - microorganisms with probiotic properties and alternatives to antibiotics - the immune system is stimulated. The use of probiotic supplements in the broiler production cycle can boost bird immunity and prevent adenovirus infection. The resilience of broiler chickens in different feeding schemes including supplementation with these microorganisms was assessed.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Four groups of Ross 308 chickens vaccinated on the standard scheme were investigated over 42 days. Group P received probiotics, prebiotics and vitamins; group AO received antibiotics; group P&AO received probiotics, prebiotics, vitamins and antibiotics; and the control group C received none of these. The birds' immunocompetence against common viral poultry pathogens and their immune response to an experimental challenge with a field strain of infectious bronchitis was evaluated by ELISA and production parameters were recorded.
RESULTS
Mortality was only observed in the control group and was 10%. All birds from the P, P&AO and AO groups responded to the challenge as would be expected of appropriately immunised chickens.
CONCLUSION
The obtained results indicated that supplementation with synbiotic products and vitamins can enhance broiler chicken immunity and result in better production parameters.
PubMed: 38525219
DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0009 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Dec 2023Traditional dry cured ham (DCH) is favored by consumers for its distinctive flavor, derived from an array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Microbiota play a pivotal... (Review)
Review
Traditional dry cured ham (DCH) is favored by consumers for its distinctive flavor, derived from an array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Microbiota play a pivotal role in the formation of VOCs. To fully comprehend the pathway by which the microbiota enhance the flavor quality of DCH, it is imperative to elucidate the flavor profile of DCH, the structural and metabolic activities of the microbiota, and the intricate relationship between microbial and VOCs. Thus far, the impact of microbiota on the flavor profile of DCH has not been comprehensively discussed or reviewed, and the succession of bacteria, especially at distinct phases of processing, has not been adequately summarized. This article aims to encapsulate the considerable potential of ferments in shaping the flavor characteristics of DCH, while elucidating the underlying mechanisms through which VOCs are generated in hams microbial metabolism. Throughout the various stages of DCH processing, the composition of microbiota undergoes dynamic changes. Furthermore, they directly participate in the formation of VOCs in DCH through the catabolism of amino acids, metabolism of fatty acids, and the breakdown of carbohydrates. Several microorganisms, including , , , , and , exhibit considerable potential as fermenters in ham production.
PubMed: 38069684
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2286634 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023Empiric probiotics are commonly consumed by healthy individuals as a means of disease prevention, pathogen control, etc. However, controversy has existed for a long time...
Empiric probiotics are commonly consumed by healthy individuals as a means of disease prevention, pathogen control, etc. However, controversy has existed for a long time regarding the safety and benefits of probiotics. Here, two candidate probiotics, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, which are antagonistic to and species , were tested on under conditions. In the bacterial community of Artemia nauplii, reduced the abundance of the genera and and significantly increased the abundance of species in a positive dosage-dependent manner, while higher and lower dosages of increased and decreased the abundance of the genus , respectively. Based on the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the metabolite of and , pyruvic acid was used in an test to explain such selective antagonism; the results showed that pyruvic acid was conducive or suppressive to V. parahaemolyticus and beneficial to A. hydrophila. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate the selective antagonism of probiotics on the bacterial community composition of aquatic organisms and the associated pathogens. Over the last decade, the common preventive method for controlling potential pathogens in aquaculture has been the use of probiotics. However, the mechanisms of probiotics are complicated and mostly undefined. At present, less attention has been paid to the potential risks of probiotic use in aquaculture. Here, we investigated the effects of two candidate probiotics, and , on the bacterial community of Artemia nauplii and the interactions between these two candidate probiotics and two pathogens, and species. The results demonstrated the selective antagonism of probiotics on the bacterial community composition of an aquatic organism and its associated pathogens. This research contributes to providing a basis and reference for the long-term rational use of probiotics and to reducing the inappropriate use of probiotics in aquaculture.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Pediococcus acidilactici; Aeromonas; Artemia; Pyruvic Acid; Vibrio; Probiotics
PubMed: 37428079
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00533-23