-
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Pellagra; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 37129558
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad077 -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Pellagra
PubMed: 36857583
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad032 -
The South African Journal of Psychiatry... 2023The case report depicts the complex interplay between mental and physical illness and contests the notion of mind-body dualism in medicine. It emphasises the importance...
INTRODUCTION
The case report depicts the complex interplay between mental and physical illness and contests the notion of mind-body dualism in medicine. It emphasises the importance of holistic management of patients and the misnomer of schizophrenia as a purely mental illness.
PATIENT PRESENTATION
Mr S is a 35-year-old male who presented to a South African specialist psychiatric hospital via the forensic system. He had multiple physical symptoms involving the abdominal, haematological, dermatological and neurological systems, in addition to an eight year duration of untreated psychosis with a marked decline in cognition and functioning.
MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME
An extensive medical examination during his admission excluded conditions such as early onset dementia, Huntington's disease, pellagra, Wilson's disease, autoimmune encephalitis and substance-related complications. A definitive diagnosis of schizophrenia was made, and both physical and psychiatric symptoms responded well to the administration of an antipsychotic resulting in an eventual discharge from the hospital.
CONCLUSION
Mind-body dualism can result in a delayed diagnosis of schizophrenia and subsequent increased duration of untreated psychosis and other complications.
CONTRIBUTION
This case emphasises the flaws of mind-body dualism, and the interplay of mental and physical illness.
PubMed: 37795458
DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v29i0.2081 -
Pediatric Dermatology 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Pellagra
PubMed: 37970692
DOI: 10.1111/pde.15316 -
Cureus Oct 2023This case report documents a rare occurrence of pellagra in a chronic alcoholic individual, characterized by a pruritic rash and gastrointestinal symptoms. The patient,...
This case report documents a rare occurrence of pellagra in a chronic alcoholic individual, characterized by a pruritic rash and gastrointestinal symptoms. The patient, a Caucasian male in his 60s, with a history of alcohol use disorder, presented with worsening skin lesions and non-bloody diarrhea. Laboratory findings revealed significant deficiencies in niacin and related metabolites, confirming the diagnosis. Prompt initiation of niacin supplementation, dietary adjustments, and supportive care led to notable improvements. This case shows the critical importance of recognizing pellagra in chronic alcoholism, emphasizing the triad of symptoms - rash, diarrhea, and malnutrition - as key diagnostic markers. Early intervention holds the potential to significantly enhance the patient's well-being and prevent disease progression.
PubMed: 38034227
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47909 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Amorphous silica as a food additive (E 551) is used in food materials (e.g., sweeteners, dairy products) for its anti-caking properties. The physicochemical properties...
Amorphous silica as a food additive (E 551) is used in food materials (e.g., sweeteners, dairy products) for its anti-caking properties. The physicochemical properties of SiO also make it suitable to serve as a carrier of active substances in functional foods, dietary supplements, and drugs. Deficiency of niacinamide (vitamin B3, niacin) leads to several pathologies in the nervous system and causes one of the nutritional diseases called pellagra. The present study focuses on the use of hybrid ordered mesoporous silicas (SBA-15/SBA-16) functionalized with amino groups introduced through grafting or co-condensation with (N-vinylbenzyl)aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (Z-6032) as novel carriers of niacinamide. They combine the characteristics of a relatively stable and chemically inert amorphous silica matrix with well-defined structural/textural parameters and organic functional groups that give specific chemical properties. The highest degree of carrier loading with niacinamide (16 wt.%) was recorded for the unmodified SBA-15. On the other hand, the highest degree of niacinamide release characterizes the functionalized SBA-15 sample (60% after 24 h), indicating that the presence of amino groups affects the release profile of niacinamide from the structure of the mesoporous silica.
Topics: Silicon Dioxide; Niacinamide; Niacin
PubMed: 38139403
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417567 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2023Photodermatoses represent a broad spectrum of skin diseases caused because of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. It is categorized mainly as idiopathic photosensitive...
Photodermatoses represent a broad spectrum of skin diseases caused because of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. It is categorized mainly as idiopathic photosensitive disorders, drug or chemical induced photosensitivity reactions, DNA repair-deficiency photodermatoses and photoaggravated dermatoses. Despite being under the photodermatoses umbrella, the pathophysiology of each type of photodermatoses varies. We reported 4 cases of photodermatoses including azathioprine induced pellagra, adult onset actinic prurigo, and photoallergic contact dermatitis due to NSAIDs and cutting fluids. Photoprotection with the usage of photoprotective clothing, broad-spectrum sunscreen application and avoidance of photosensitizing drugs and chemicals are crucial.
PubMed: 38371556
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_542_23 -
Journal of the American College of... Dec 2023
PubMed: 38029019
DOI: 10.1002/emp2.13065 -
ACS Chemical Biology Jun 2024Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a critical component of the cellular metabolism and also serves as an alternative 5' cap on various RNAs. However, the...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a critical component of the cellular metabolism and also serves as an alternative 5' cap on various RNAs. However, the function of the NAD RNA cap is still under investigation. We studied NAD capping of RNAs in HIV-1-infected cells because HIV-1 is responsible for the depletion of the NAD/NADH cellular pool and causing intracellular pellagra. By applying the NAD captureSeq protocol to HIV-1-infected and uninfected cells, we revealed that four snRNAs (e.g., U1) and four snoRNAs lost their NAD cap when infected with HIV-1. Here, we provide evidence that the presence of the NAD cap decreases the stability of the U1/HIV-1 pre-mRNA duplex. Additionally, we demonstrate that reducing the quantity of NAD-capped RNA by overexpressing the NAD RNA decapping enzyme DXO results in an increase in HIV-1 infectivity. This suggests that NAD capping is unfavorable for HIV-1 and plays a role in its infectivity.
Topics: HIV-1; Humans; NAD; RNA, Small Nucleolar; RNA, Small Nuclear; HIV Infections; RNA Caps
PubMed: 38747804
DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00151 -
Journal of the European Academy of... May 2024
PubMed: 38695739
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20057