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Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Aug 2023A large body of research in the study of memory has accumulated to date on the part-list cuing impairment in recall. This phenomenon refers to the lower recall of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A large body of research in the study of memory has accumulated to date on the part-list cuing impairment in recall. This phenomenon refers to the lower recall of studied information in the presence of some studied words provided as retrieval cues compared to when no cues are provided. We review the current literature on the part-list cuing impairment in recall and report a meta-analysis utilizing the procedural and statistical information obtained from 109 samples (N = 5,605). In each experiment, participants studied a list of words and subsequently performed a recall task either in the presence or absence of part-list cues. The meta-analysis shows that the part-list cuing impairment is a robust, medium-sized impairment (Cohen, 1988). This recall impairment was not significantly sensitive to the number of study items provided, the relationship among study items, the number of part-list cues provided, the amount of time provided for recall, or certain other factors of interest. Our analyses also demonstrate that longer retention periods between study and retrieval mitigate the part-list cuing impairment in recall. We discuss the implications of meta-analysis results for elements of experimental design, the findings of past literature, as well as the underlying theoretical mechanisms proposed to account for this impairment in recall and the applied consequences of this recall impairment.
Topics: Humans; Mental Recall; Cues; Research Design
PubMed: 36917371
DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02263-9 -
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine May 2024Percutaneous tracheostomy placement is a common procedure performed in the intensive care unit. The use of an anterior neck ultrasound exam is routinely performed... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Percutaneous tracheostomy placement is a common procedure performed in the intensive care unit. The use of an anterior neck ultrasound exam is routinely performed preprocedure, allowing for vessel visualization in determining the safety and feasibility of performing the procedure bedside. This prospective observational cohort study was conducted to determine whether vasculature in the anterior neck, seen on bedside ultrasound exam, contributes to bleeding complications during or after percutaneous tracheostomy (PCT) placement. Do the vessels identified on preprocedure neck ultrasound affect the risk of bleeding during and after bedside PCT placement? Preprocedural ultrasound was used to identify standard anatomical landmarks and vascular structures in the anterior neck in all patients undergoing bedside PCT placement under bronchoscopic guidance. A blinded survey of our recorded preprocedural images was provided to an expert panel who regularly perform bedside PCTs to determine the influence the images have on their decision to perform the procedure at the bedside. One out of 15 patients (7%) had intra-operative minimal bleeding which was not clinically significant and resolved by gauze compression for 30 s. None of the patients had post-procedural bleeding after tracheostomy placement. Based on the blinded interpretation of neck ultrasound, there was 0.214 inter-operator variability among the expert panelists for decision-making regarding performing bedside PCT. Vessels visualized with anterior neck ultrasound were found to be small venous structures and did not significantly contribute to bleeding risk in patients who underwent PCT placement. The size and location of veins on neck ultrasound may commonly contribute to abandoning bedside PCT. This study suggests that veins measuring 3.9 mm or smaller identified at the site of access do not increase the risk of bleeding in PCT placement.
Topics: Humans; Tracheostomy; Prospective Studies; Ultrasonography; Intensive Care Units; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 37931902
DOI: 10.1177/08850666231212858 -
Systematic Reviews Jul 2023Insomnia disorder remains one of the most common sleep disorders in the elderly, with high prevalence and substantial consequences for patients' general health. Despite...
BACKGROUND
Insomnia disorder remains one of the most common sleep disorders in the elderly, with high prevalence and substantial consequences for patients' general health. Despite that increasing clinical trials have indicated that acupuncture seems to be effective for insomnia disorder in the elderly, comparative efficacy and safety of different acupuncture methods for elderly individuals with insomnia disorder has been unclear. Therefore, this protocol outlined a plan to evaluate and rank the efficacy and safety of various acupuncture approaches for insomnia disorder in the elderly.
METHODS
A systematic search of 8 bibliographic databases will be conducted from their inception to 18 June 2023, including Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). Randomized controlled trials investigating acupuncture methods for insomnia disorder in the elderly, published in English or Chinese will be included. The primary outcome is sleep quality measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Two reviewers will independently perform study selection, data extraction and risk assessment of bias. The quality of included literatures will be appraised using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB 2.0). ADDIS (Aggregate Data Drug Information System) V.1.16.8 will be used to conduct Bayesian network meta-analysis. The quality of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation System (GRADE).
DISCUSSION
In this study, the results will provide credible evidence to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapies for elderly patients with insomnia disorder, assisting patients, physicians and clinical research investigators to select the most appropriate acupuncture method.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
The protocol has been registered at OSF ( https://osf.io/3kjpq/ ) with a registration number https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/3KJPQ .
Topics: Aged; Humans; Acupuncture Therapy; Bayes Theorem; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Network Meta-Analysis; Research Design; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 37452408
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02287-1 -
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Apr 2024Patients' race and/or ethnicity are increasingly being associated with differential surgical access and outcomes in cardiac surgery. However, deriving evidence-based... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Patients' race and/or ethnicity are increasingly being associated with differential surgical access and outcomes in cardiac surgery. However, deriving evidence-based conclusions that can inform surgical care has been difficult because of poor diversity in study populations and conflicting research methodology and findings. Using a fictional patient example, this review identifies areas of concern in research engagement, methodology, and analyses, as well as potential steps to improve race and ethnicity considerations in cardiac surgical research.
METHODS
A narrative literature review was performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases, with a combination of cardiac surgery, race, ethnicity, and disparities keywords.
RESULTS
Less than half of the published cardiac surgery randomized control trials report the race and/or ethnicity of research participants. Racial and/or ethnic minorities make up <20% of most study populations and are significantly underrepresented relative to their proportions of the general population. Further, race and/or ethnicity of research participants is variably categorized based on ancestry, geographic regions, cultural similarities, or minority status. There is growing consideration of analyzing interrelated and confounding variables, such as socioeconomic status, geographic location, or hospital quality, to better elucidate racial and/or ethnic disparities; however, intersectionality considerations remain limited in cardiac surgery research.
CONCLUSIONS
Racial and/or ethnic disparities are increasingly being reported in research engagement, cardiac pathologies, and surgical outcomes. To promote equitable surgical care, tangible efforts are needed to recruit racially and/or ethnically minoritized patients to research studies, be transparent and consistent in their groupings, and elucidate the impact of their intersectional social identities.
Topics: Humans; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Ethnicity; Minority Groups; Research Design; Social Class; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37914147
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.10.025 -
International Journal of Implant... Dec 2023This systematic review aimed to investigate the accuracy of intraoral scan (IOS) impressions of implant-supported restorations in in vivo studies. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
This systematic review aimed to investigate the accuracy of intraoral scan (IOS) impressions of implant-supported restorations in in vivo studies.
METHODS
A systematic electronic search and review of studies on the accuracy of IOS implant impressions were conducted to analyze the peer-reviewed literature published between 1989 and August 2023. The bias analysis was performed by two reviewers. Data on the study characteristics, accuracy outcomes, and related variables were extracted. A meta-analysis of randomized control trials was performed to investigate the impact of IOS on peri-implant crestal bone loss and the time involved in the impression procedure.
RESULTS
Ten in vivo studies were included in this systematic review for final analysis. Six studies investigated the trueness of IOS impressions, but did not reach the same conclusions. One study assessed the precision of IOS impressions for a single implant. Four clinical studies examined the accuracy of IOS implant impressions with a follow-up of 1-2 years. In full arches, IOS impression procedure needed significantly less time than conventional one (mean difference for procedure time was 8.59 min [6.78, 10.40 min], P < 0.001), prosthetic survival rate was 100%, and marginal bone levels of all participants could be stably maintained (mean difference in marginal bone loss at 12 months was 0.03 mm [-0.08, 0.14 mm], P = 0.55).
CONCLUSIONS
The accuracy of IOS impressions of implant-supported restorations varied greatly depending on the scanning strategy. The trueness and precision of IOS in the partial and complete arches remain unclear and require further assessment. Based on follow-up clinical studies, IOS impressions were accurate in clinical practice. However, these results should be interpreted with caution, as some evidences are obtained from the same research group.
Topics: Humans; Dental Implants; Research Design; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Clonal Hematopoiesis; Electronics
PubMed: 38055096
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-023-00517-8 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroimmunology literature to determine the average immune cell counts reported by flow cytometry in wild-type...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroimmunology literature to determine the average immune cell counts reported by flow cytometry in wild-type (WT) homogenized mouse brains.
BACKGROUND
Mouse models of gene dysfunction are widely used to study age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The importance of the neuroimmune system in these multifactorial disorders has become increasingly evident, and methods to quantify resident and infiltrating immune cells in the brain, including flow cytometry, are necessary. However, there appears to be no consensus on the best approach to perform flow cytometry or quantify/report immune cell counts. The development of more standardized methods would accelerate neuroimmune discovery and validation by meta-analysis.
METHODS
There has not yet been a systematic review of 'neuroimmunology' by 'flow cytometry' via examination of the PROSPERO registry. A protocol for a systematic review was subsequently based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) using the Studies, Data, Methods, and Outcomes (SDMO) criteria. Literature searches were conducted in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. From that search, 900 candidate studies were identified, and 437 studies were assessed for eligibility based on formal exclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Out of the 437 studies reviewed, 58 were eligible for inclusion and comparative analysis. Each study assessed immune cell subsets within homogenized mouse brains and used flow cytometry. Nonetheless, there was considerable variability in the methods, data analysis, reporting, and results. Descriptive statistics have been presented on the study designs and results, including medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs) and overall means with standard deviations (SD) for specific immune cell counts and their relative proportions, within and between studies. A total of 58 studies reported the most abundant immune cells within the brains were TMEM119 microglia, bulk CD4 T cells, and bulk CD8 T cells.
CONCLUSION
Experiments to conduct and report flow cytometry data, derived from WT homogenized mouse brains, would benefit from a more standardized approach. While within-study comparisons are valid, the variability in methods of counting of immune cell populations is too broad for meta-analysis. The inclusion of a minimal protocol with more detailed methods, controls, and standards could enable this nascent field to compare results across studies.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Brain; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Flow Cytometry; Research Design; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 38022545
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281705 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Dec 2023The aim of this double-blind, and randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the 5-year clinical performance of posterior resin composite restorations placed... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this double-blind, and randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the 5-year clinical performance of posterior resin composite restorations placed with the incremental filling technique [IF] or the bulk-fill technique [BF]. Two different adhesive systems were used: etch-&-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE).
METHODS
Posterior dental teeth of 72 participants (n = 236), with a cavity depth of at least 3 mm, were randomly divided into four groups. Restorations were applied with either Tetric N-Bond or Tetric N-Bond SE. The composite resin Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill was placed either with IF or BF. Restorations were evaluated using FDI criteria at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed rank test (a=0.05).
RESULTS
Two hundred and four restorations were evaluated after 5 years. Eleven restorations were considered 'failed', ten due to fracture (4 IF and 6 BF) and one due to secondary caries (IF). The annual failure rate was 1.2% for BF and 1% for IF (p = 0.35). When comparing BF and IF, no significant differences were found for any of the parameters evaluated (p > 0.05). Regarding the adhesive systems, 44 and 51 restorations showed minor problems in terms of marginal adaptation and staining, with significantly more marginal discoloration when the self-etch adhesive was used (p = 0.002).
SIGNIFICANCE
The bulk-fill restorative technique showed good clinical behavior compared to the incremental filling technique, especially when using an etch-&-rinse adhesive, after 5 years of clinical evaluation.
Topics: Humans; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Composite Resins; Double-Blind Method; Dental Caries; Resin Cements; Dental Marginal Adaptation
PubMed: 37839995
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.018 -
European Journal of Endocrinology Aug 2023In many biomedical studies, subgroup analyses are performed to identify subgroups of patients in whom a treatment is most effective, or a risk factor has the largest...
In many biomedical studies, subgroup analyses are performed to identify subgroups of patients in whom a treatment is most effective, or a risk factor has the largest effect. While both are referred to as subgroup analysis, it is important to distinguish between the estimation of effects within subgroups and the comparison of effects across subgroups. Both are discussed, and we outline the implications regarding sample size and statistical methods for estimation of effects. Also, the risk of false-positive findings-which potentially increases with subgroup analysis-is discussed, as well as the distinction between effect modification and interaction.
Topics: Humans; Sample Size; Research Design
PubMed: 37527541
DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad089 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Oct 2023It is estimated that approximately one in four men and one in 20 women will develop an inguinal hernia over the course of their lifetime. A non-mesh inguinal hernia... (Review)
Review
It is estimated that approximately one in four men and one in 20 women will develop an inguinal hernia over the course of their lifetime. A non-mesh inguinal hernia repair via the Shouldice technique is a unique approach that necessitates dissection of the entire groin region as well as careful assessment for any secondary hernias. Subsequently, a pure tissue laminated closure allows the repair to be performed without tension. Herein, the authors describe a brief overview of inguinal hernias and discuss the relevant patient evaluation, operative steps of the Shouldice procedure, and postoperative considerations.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Hernia, Inguinal; Patient Selection; Dissection; Postoperative Period
PubMed: 37709392
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.04.001 -
Surgical Endoscopy Sep 2023Operative performance may affect the internal and external validity of randomized trials. The aim of this study was to review the use of surgical quality assurance... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Operative performance may affect the internal and external validity of randomized trials. The aim of this study was to review the use of surgical quality assurance mechanisms of published trials on laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery, with the objective to appraise their internal (research quality) and external validity (applicability to the clinical setting).
METHODS
Building upon a previous systematic review and network meta-analysis published by the authors, Medline, Embase, AMED, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and OpenGrey databases were searched for randomized control trials comparing different methods of laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery for the management of gastroesophageal disease. Quality assurance in individual studies was appraised using a specified framework addressing surgeon accreditation, procedure standardization, and performance monitoring.
RESULTS
In total, 2276 articles were screened to obtain 43 publications reporting 29 randomized controlled trials. Twenty-five out of 43 (58.1%) articles reported the number of participating centers and surgeons involved. Additionally, only 21/43 (48.8%) of articles reported consistent use of a bougie, while 23/43 (53.5%) of articles reported consistent division of the short gastric arteries during fundoplication. Surgical experience and credentials were stated in half of the studies. Standardization of the technique was reported in almost 70% of cases, whereas operative notes or video was submitted in one fourth of the studies. Monitoring of the operative performance during the trial was not documented in most of the trials (62%).
CONCLUSION
Surgical quality assurance in randomized trials on laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery is insufficient, which does not allow appraisal of the internal and external validity of this research. With improved reporting, trials assessing the use of laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery will enable surgeons to make informed treatment decisions to enhance patient care in the surgical management of GERD.
Topics: Humans; Fundoplication; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Laparoscopy; Esophagoplasty; Network Meta-Analysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37563340
DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10325-1