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Journal of Periodontal Research Apr 2024Numerous studies have proposed that periodontitis is a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However, the association between periodontitis and brain normal...
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have proposed that periodontitis is a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However, the association between periodontitis and brain normal cognition in aged and elderly individuals (NCs) is unclear. Such a link could provide clues to Alzheimer's disease development and strategies for early prevention.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the associations between periodontal condition and metrics of both brain structure and function among NCs with the help of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
METHODS
High-resolution T1-weighted structural data, resting-state functional-MRI data, and measures of periodontal condition were collected from 40 NCs. Cortical volume, thickness, and area as well as regional homogeneity were calculated with the aid of DPABISurf software. Correlation analyses were then conducted between each imaging metric and periodontal index.
RESULTS
Consistent negative correlations were observed between severity of periodontitis (mild, moderate, severe) and cortical volume, area, and thickness, not only in brain regions that took charge of primary function but also in brain regions associated with advanced cognition behavior. Among participants with mild attachment loss (AL) and a shallow periodontal pocket depth (PPD), periodontal index was positively correlated with most measures of brain structure and function, while among participants with severe AL and deep PPD, periodontal index was negatively correlated with measures of brain structure and function (all p < .005 for each hemisphere).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate that periodontitis is associated with widespread changes in brain structure and function among middle-aged and elderly adults without signs of cognitive decline, which might be a potential risk factor for brain damage.
Topics: Aged; Adult; Middle Aged; Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Periodontitis; Cognition; Brain; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 38014515
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13214 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Oct 2023To explore the mechanism of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1)-mediated necroptosis during periodontitis progression.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the mechanism of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1)-mediated necroptosis during periodontitis progression.
BACKGROUND
RIP3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) have been detected to be upregulated in periodontitis models. Because RIP1 is involved in necroptosis, it might also play a role in the progression of periodontitis.
METHODS
An experimental periodontitis model in BALB/c mice was established by inducing oral bacterial infection. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were used to detect RIP1 expression in the periodontal ligament. Porphyromonas gingivalis was used to stimulate L929 and MC3T3-E1. RIP1 was inhibited using small-interfering RNA. Western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses were used to detect the effect of necroptosis inhibition on the expression of damage-associated molecular patterns and inflammatory cytokines. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) was intraperitoneally injected to inhibit RIP1 expression in mice. Necroptosis activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in periodontal tissue were verified. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was applied to observe osteoclasts in the bone tissues of different groups.
RESULTS
RIP1-mediated necroptosis was activated in mice with periodontitis. P. gingivalis induced RIP1-mediated necroptosis in L929 and MC3T3-E1 cells. After RIP1 inhibition, the expression levels of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and inflammatory cytokines were downregulated. After inhibiting RIP1 with Nec-1 in vivo, necroptosis was also inhibited, the expression levels of HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines were downregulated, and osteoclast counts in the periodontal tissue decreased.
CONCLUSION
RIP1-mediated necroptosis plays a role in the pathological process of periodontitis in mice. Nec-1 inhibited necroptosis, alleviated inflammation in periodontal tissue, and reduced bone resorption in periodontitis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; HMGB1 Protein; Necroptosis; Periodontitis; Cytokines; Apoptosis
PubMed: 37334934
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13150 -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2023Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease caused by plaque that leads to alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. Inflammation control and achieving better...
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease caused by plaque that leads to alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. Inflammation control and achieving better tissue repair are the key to periodontitis treatment. In this study, human β-Defensin 1 short motif Pep-B with inflammation inhibition and differentiation regulation properties, is firstly used in the treatment of periodontitis, and an injectable photopolymerizable Pep-B/chitosan methacryloyl composite hydrogel (CMSA/Pep-B) is constructed. We confirm that Pep-B improves inflammation, and restores osteogenic behavior and function of injured stem cells. CMSA/Pep-B has good injectability, fluidity and photopolymerizability, and can sustainably release Pep-B to maintain drug concentration in periodontal pockets. Furthermore, animal experiments showed that CMSA/Pep-B significantly ameliorated the inflammation of the periodontium and reduced the alveolar bone loss by decreasing inflammatory infiltration, osteoclast formation and collagen destruction. In conclusion, CMSA/Pep-B is envisaged to be a novel bioactive material or therapeutic drug for treating periodontitis.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Chitosan; Hydrogels; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Inflammation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Alveolar Bone Loss
PubMed: 37524282
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126060 -
Journal of Periodontology Sep 2023This study tests the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) versus SRP plus minocycline hydrochloride microspheres (SRP+MM) on 11 periodontal pathogens and clinical... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
This study tests the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) versus SRP plus minocycline hydrochloride microspheres (SRP+MM) on 11 periodontal pathogens and clinical outcomes in Stage II-IV Grade B periodontitis participants.
METHODS
Seventy participants were randomized to receive SRP (n = 35) or SRP+MM (n = 35). Saliva and clinical outcomes were collected for both groups at baseline before SRP, 1-month reevaluation, and at 3- and 6-month periodontal recall. MM were delivered to pockets ≥5 mm immediately after SRP and immediately after the 3-month periodontal maintenance in the SRP+MM group. A proprietary saliva test was utilized to quantitate 11 putative periodontal pathogens. Microorganisms and clinical outcomes were compared between groups using generalized linear mixed-effects models with fixed effects and random effects terms. Mean changes from baseline were compared between groups via group-by-visit interaction tests.
RESULTS
Significant reduction in Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, and Eikenella corrodens were identified at the 1-month reevaluation after SRP+MM. Six months after SRP with a re-application of MM 3 months after SRP, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens were significantly reduced. SRP+MM participants had significant clinical outcome reductions in pockets ≥5 mm at the reevaluation, 3- and 6-month periodontal maintenance, and clinical attachment loss gains at the 6-month periodontal maintenance.
CONCLUSION
MM delivered immediately after SRP and reapplication at 3 months appeared to contribute to improved clinical outcomes and sustained decreased numbers of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens at 6 months.
Topics: Humans; Minocycline; Root Planing; Microspheres; Periodontal Pocket; Dental Scaling; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Prevotella intermedia; Eikenella corrodens; Follow-Up Studies; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37191955
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.23-0002 -
Oral Diseases Apr 2024Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that involves an imbalance in the oral microbiota, activation of inflammatory and immune responses, and alveolar bone... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that involves an imbalance in the oral microbiota, activation of inflammatory and immune responses, and alveolar bone destruction. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a versatile cytokine involved in several pathological reactions, including inflammatory processes and bone destruction, both of which are characteristics of periodontitis. While the roles of MIF in cancer and other immune diseases have been extensively characterized, its role in periodontitis remains inconclusive.
RESULTS
In this review, we describe a comprehensive analysis of the potential roles of MIF in periodontitis from the perspective of immune response and bone regulation at the cellular and molecular levels. Moreover, we discuss its potential reliability as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for periodontitis.
CONCLUSION
This review can aid dental researchers and clinicians in understanding the current state of MIF-related pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontitis.
Topics: Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Humans; Periodontitis; Biomarkers; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; Alveolar Bone Loss
PubMed: 36883414
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14558 -
BMC Oral Health Oct 2023Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease associated with systemic factors. Visfatin is a pleiotropic adipokine that exerts metabolic and immune functions. Studies... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease associated with systemic factors. Visfatin is a pleiotropic adipokine that exerts metabolic and immune functions. Studies have shown visfatin played roles in the development of periodontitis. The present study aims to compare the levels of visfatin in body fluids including serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) between periodontitis patients and healthy individuals, and to elucidate the alteration of visfatin levels after periodontal treatments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The database searched included Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. According to the Eligibility criteria, the records were screened and the eligible studies were included. The methodological qualities of the included case-controlled studies were assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) was applied for assessing the qualities of the included clinical trials. The statistical analyses were processed using STATA 15.0.
RESULTS
Twenty-three studies were included in the statistical analyses. The meta-analysis showed significantly elevated visfatin levels of GCF, serum, and saliva in the periodontitis population compared with the controls (GCF: SMD = 5.201, 95% CI: 3.886-6.516, Z = 7.75, P < 0.05; Serum: SMD = 7.417, 95% CI: 3.068-11.767, Z = 3.34, P = P < 0.05; Saliva: SMD = 2.683, 95% CI: 1.202-4.163, Z = 3.34, P < 0.05). Visfatin levels of saliva serum and GCF were significantly decreased after periodontal treatment. (Saliva: SMD = -1.338, 95% CI: -2.289-0.487, Z = 39.77, P < 0.05; Serum: SMD = -2.890, 95% CI: -5.300-0.480, Z = 2.35, P < 0.05; GCF: SMD = -6.075, 95% CI: -11.032-1.117, Z = 2.40, P = 0.016; I 2 = 95.9%, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Periodontitis elevated the visfatin levels in GCF, serum, and saliva. Additionally, GCF, serum, and saliva visfatin levels could be reduced after periodontal treatment.
Topics: Humans; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; Periodontitis; Saliva; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Periodontitis
PubMed: 37884949
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03384-2 -
Journal of Dental Research Feb 2024Recent studies have indicated that periodontitis promotes metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance by affecting the function of white adipose tissue (WAT)....
Recent studies have indicated that periodontitis promotes metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance by affecting the function of white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the mechanisms linking periodontitis to adipose tissue dysfunction still need to be explored. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) deliver messages to distal sites and regulate their function. Also, recent studies have shown that periodontitis changes the composition of EVs in body fluids and that EVs might be one of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between periodontitis and insulin resistance. Herein, we explored the impact of polymicrobial oral infection with periodontal pathogens on the function of WAT and the role of gingival EVs (gEVs) in the process. Mice were subjected to oral inoculation with 10 and 10 every other day for 14 wk. This prolonged bacterial infection induced WAT dysfunction, characterized by reduced levels of AKT phosphorylation, adiponectin, leptin, and genes associated with adipogenesis and lipogenesis. We successfully isolated gEVs with satisfactory yield and purity. The RNA sequencing results showed that the differentially expressed microRNAs in the gEVs of mice with polymicrobial oral infection were involved in insulin signaling and adipose tissue function. Notably, our in vitro experiments and RNA sequencing results revealed the functional similarities between gEVs and plasma-derived EVs. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection with gEVs derived from mice with oral infection induced the dysfunction of WAT in healthy mice. Overall, our findings provide evidence for the influence of polymicrobial oral infection on WAT function and propose gEVs as a novel pathway through which periodontal infection may exert its effects on WAT.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Insulin Resistance; Coinfection; Adipose Tissue; Periodontitis; Extracellular Vesicles
PubMed: 38095271
DOI: 10.1177/00220345231211210 -
The European Journal of General Practice Dec 2024Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory non-communicable disease (NCD) characterised by the destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus (periodontium), including... (Review)
Review
Periodontal diseases and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and respiratory diseases: Summary of the consensus report by the European Federation of Periodontology and WONCA Europe.
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory non-communicable disease (NCD) characterised by the destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus (periodontium), including alveolar bone, the presence of periodontal pockets, and bleeding on probing.
OBJECTIVES
To outline, for family doctors, the implications of the association between periodontal and systemic diseases; to explore the role of family doctors in managing periodontitis as an ubiquitous non-communicable disease (NCD).
METHODS
The consensus reports of previous focused collaborative workshops between WONCA Europe and the European Federation of Periodontology (using previously undertaken systematic reviews), and a specifically commissioned systematic review formed the technical papers to underpin discussions. Working groups prepared proposals independently, and the proposals were subsequently discussed and approved at plenary meetings.
RESULTS
Periodontitis is independently associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, and COVID-19 complications. Treatment of periodontitis has been associated with improvements in systemic health outcomes. The article also presents evidence gaps. Oral health care professionals (OHPs) and family doctors should collaborate in managing these conditions, including implementing strategies for early case detection of periodontitis in primary medical care centres and of systemic NCDs in oral/dental care settings. There is a need to raise awareness of periodontal diseases, their consequences, and the associated risk factors amongst family doctors.
CONCLUSION
Closer collaboration between OHPs and family doctors is important in the early case detection and management of NCDs like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and respiratory diseases. Strategies for early case detection/prevention of NCDs, including periodontitis, should be developed for family doctors, other health professionals (OHPs), and healthcare funders. Evidence-based information on the reported associations between periodontitis and other NCDs should be made available to family doctors, OHPs, healthcare funders, patients, and the general population.
Topics: Humans; Noncommunicable Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Consensus; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Diabetes Mellitus; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Europe
PubMed: 38511739
DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2024.2320120 -
Single-cell and spatially resolved interactomics of tooth-associated keratinocytes in periodontitis.Nature Communications Jun 2024Periodontitis affects billions of people worldwide. To address relationships of periodontal niche cell types and microbes in periodontitis, we generated an integrated...
Periodontitis affects billions of people worldwide. To address relationships of periodontal niche cell types and microbes in periodontitis, we generated an integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) atlas of human periodontium (34-sample, 105918-cell), including sulcular and junctional keratinocytes (SK/JKs). SK/JKs displayed altered differentiation states and were enriched for effector cytokines in periodontitis. Single-cell metagenomics revealed 37 bacterial species with cell-specific tropism. Fluorescence in situ hybridization detected intracellular 16 S and mRNA signals of multiple species and correlated with SK/JK proinflammatory phenotypes in situ. Cell-cell communication analysis predicted keratinocyte-specific innate and adaptive immune interactions. Highly multiplexed immunofluorescence (33-antibody) revealed peri-epithelial immune foci, with innate cells often spatially constrained around JKs. Spatial phenotyping revealed immunosuppressed JK-microniches and SK-localized tertiary lymphoid structures in periodontitis. Here, we demonstrate impacts on and predicted interactomics of SK and JK cells in health and periodontitis, which requires further investigation to support precision periodontal interventions in states of chronic inflammation.
Topics: Humans; Keratinocytes; Single-Cell Analysis; Periodontitis; Cell Communication; Cytokines; Periodontium; Immunity, Innate; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Male; Metagenomics; Bacteria; Female; Adult; Adaptive Immunity
PubMed: 38876998
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49037-y -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2023periodontitis is the sixth leading long-term complication of diabetes mellitus which can impair diabetic patients' metabolic control. Patients with both diabetes...
INTRODUCTION
periodontitis is the sixth leading long-term complication of diabetes mellitus which can impair diabetic patients' metabolic control. Patients with both diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease present with the challenge of managing these two chronic diseases, each of which may impact the other. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence of periodontitis and oral hygiene practices among diabetic and non-diabetic patients attending a large tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.
METHODS
this was a cross-sectional comparative study involving 110 diabetics and 110 non-diabetic patients aged 40 years and above. They were recruited from the diabetes and general medical out-patient clinics respectively in a large tertiary hospital in Lagos using a systematic sampling method. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. In addition, blood tests for glycated haemoglobin and oral examination using a simplified periodontal examination were conducted. The prevalence and severity of periodontitis and oral hygiene practices were compared between both groups. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 21 Software.
RESULTS
the prevalence of periodontitis was higher among the diabetics 100 (90.9%) compared to the non-diabetic patients 79 (71.8%), and this was statistically significant (p<0.001). Severity of periodontitis among both groups was also statistically high 54 (49.1%) vs. 35 (31.8%) p<0.001.
CONCLUSION
the prevalence of periodontitis was higher and more severe among diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Oral hygiene practices in both groups are not statistically significant p>0.05. Oral health education programs targeted at diabetic patients should be carried out to prevent and control periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Oral Hygiene; Prevalence; Tertiary Care Centers; Nigeria; Periodontitis; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37790148
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.131.37904