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Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Feb 2024Bioactive materials are a type of biomaterials that can generate special biological or chemical reactions on the surface or interface of materials. These reactions can... (Review)
Review
Bioactive materials are a type of biomaterials that can generate special biological or chemical reactions on the surface or interface of materials. These reactions can impact the interaction between tissues and materials, stimulate cell activity, and guide tissue regeneration. In recent years, bioactive materials have been widely used in periodontal tissue regeneration. This review aims to consolidate the definition and characteristics of bioactive materials, as well as summarize their utilization in periodontal tissue regeneration. These findings shed new light on the application of bioactive materials in this field.
Topics: Tissue Engineering; Periodontium; Biocompatible Materials; Wound Healing
PubMed: 38369828
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230234 -
PloS One 2023This study aims to restore grating lobe artifacts and improve the image resolution of sparse array ultrasonography via a deep learning predictive model. A deep learning...
This study aims to restore grating lobe artifacts and improve the image resolution of sparse array ultrasonography via a deep learning predictive model. A deep learning assisted sparse array was developed using only 64 or 16 channels out of the 128 channels in which the pitch is two or eight times the original array. The deep learning assisted sparse array imaging system was demonstrated on ex vivo porcine teeth. 64- and 16-channel sparse array images were used as the input and corresponding 128-channel dense array images were used as the ground truth. The structural similarity index measure, mean squared error, and peak signal-to-noise ratio of predicted images improved significantly (p < 0.0001). The resolution of predicted images presented close values to ground truth images (0.18 mm and 0.15 mm versus 0.15 mm). The gingival thickness measurement showed a high level of agreement between the predicted sparse array images and the ground truth images, as indicated with a bias of -0.01 mm and 0.02 mm for the 64- and 16-channel predicted images, respectively, and a Pearson's r = 0.99 (p < 0.0001) for both. The gingival thickness bias measured by deep learning assisted sparse array imaging and clinical probing needle was found to be <0.05 mm. Additionally, the deep learning model showed capability of generalization. To conclude, the deep learning assisted sparse array can reconstruct high-resolution ultrasound image using only 16 channels of 128 channels. The deep learning model performed generalization capability for the 64-channel array, while the 16-channel array generalization would require further optimization.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Deep Learning; Ultrasonography; Artifacts; Generalization, Psychological; Gingiva; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 37903113
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293468 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Apr 2024Botulinum toxin has been widely and mainly used for the treatment of conditions affecting the upper and middle face; however, recent efforts have expanded the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Botulinum toxin has been widely and mainly used for the treatment of conditions affecting the upper and middle face; however, recent efforts have expanded the indications of botulinum toxin injection to the lower face and neck areas for cosmetic and medical purposes.
AIMS
We have reviewed the latest updates on using botulinum toxin in the lower face and neck focusing on cosmetic purposes and have discussed the existing concerns as well as the adverse sequelae of these newer indications.
PATIENTS/METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was performed using the following keywords [[botulinum] AND [[Toxin] OR [Neurotoxin]]] AND [[Lower AND Face] AND/OR [Neck]] within the main databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and gray literature on and before February 2023. The data were screened using titles and abstracts and those relevant to the topic were included in the paper.
RESULTS
Botulinum toxin injection has considerable cosmetic and therapeutic effect on facial contouring, masseteric hypertrophy, lower face and neck scars, gummy smile, drooping lip corner and even skin rejuvenation.
CONCLUSION
BNT injection has been widely used for the treatment of different medical and cosmetic purposes. Low rates of side effects, which were self-limited in most cases, have been reported in the literature, making BNT a safe therapeutic medication in most cases. However, regulatory status needs to be updated and more accurately revised in many countries and more comprehensive research is required to address the existing gaps in this area including the site, dosage, and method of injection in each case.
Topics: Humans; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Esthetics, Dental; Gingiva; Smiling; Neurotoxins; Neuromuscular Agents
PubMed: 38059697
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16116 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Aug 2023Kangfuxin (KFX) shows potential in wound healing, but its role in socket healing is unclear. This research finds increased bone mass, mineralization, and collagen...
Kangfuxin (KFX) shows potential in wound healing, but its role in socket healing is unclear. This research finds increased bone mass, mineralization, and collagen deposition in KFX-treated mice. Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are treated with KFX under osteogenic induction. RNA-sequencing reveals upregulated chemokine-related genes, with a threefold increase in chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2). The conditioned medium (CM) of hPDLSCs and hDPSCs treated with KFX promotes endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Ccl2 knockdown abolishes CM-induced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis, which can be reversed by recombinant CCL2 treatment. KFX-treated mice showed increased vasculature. In conclusion, KFX increases the expression of CCL2 in stem cells, promoting bone formation and mineralization in the extraction socket by inducing endothelial cell angiogenesis. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Periodontal Ligament; Up-Regulation; Chemokine CCL2; Stem Cells; Wound Healing; Osteogenesis; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 37221128
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4860 -
Human Cell Sep 2023Teeth are a kind of masticatory organs of special histological origin, unique to vertebrates, playing an important role in chewing, esthetics, and auxiliary... (Review)
Review
Teeth are a kind of masticatory organs of special histological origin, unique to vertebrates, playing an important role in chewing, esthetics, and auxiliary pronunciation. In the past decades, with the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the studies of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) gradually attracted the interest of researchers. Accordingly, several types of MSCs have been successively isolated in teeth or teeth-related tissues, including dental pulp stem cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, dental follicle stem cells, stem cells from apical papilla and gingival mesenchymal stem cells. These dental stem cells (DSCs) are easily accessible, possess excellent stem cell characteristics, such as high proliferation rates and profound immunomodulatory properties. Small-molecule drugs are widely used and show great advantages in clinical practice. As research progressed, small-molecule drugs are found to have various complex effects on the characteristics of DSCs, especially the enhancement of biological characteristics of DSCs, which has gradually become a hot issue in the field of DSCs research. This review summarizes the background, current status, existing problems, future research directions, and prospects of the combination of DSCs with three common small-molecule drugs: aspirin, metformin, and berberine.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Regenerative Medicine; Tooth; Periodontal Ligament; Tissue Engineering; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Dental Pulp
PubMed: 37358734
DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00943-1 -
Clinical Advances in Periodontics Jun 2024The tunnel technique (TUN) preserves the integrity of the papilla by creating envelope flaps that allow for the insertion of a connective tissue graft, and/or... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The tunnel technique (TUN) preserves the integrity of the papilla by creating envelope flaps that allow for the insertion of a connective tissue graft, and/or biomaterials.
METHODS
(1) A comprehensive overview of tunneling flap procedures in the treatment of gingival recessions (GRs) for soft tissue coverage is presented and (2) A classification system for soft and hard tissue anatomy of GR sites which may aid the clinician in determining the surgical complexity is being introduced.
RESULTS
A novel clinical classification system is proposed to illustrate complexity levels determined by soft and hard tissue anatomy of GR sites such as the mucogingival junction proximity to the gingival margin, bone morphotype, and mucosal margin thickness.
CONCLUSIONS
TUN is highly effective in treating single/multiple GRs. Its limitations are related to variability in surgical site anatomy and operator expertise. A classification system based on anatomical soft and hard tissue variations has been proposed to help identify complexity levels encountered during tunneling procedures.
KEY POINTS
Site-related factors directly impact the surgical variables related to tissue trauma, flap tension, soft tissue management, muscle pull, and wound stability during the healing of gingival recessions (GRs). The achievement of expedited and favorable wound healing is crucial to obtaining quantitative and qualitative success in the treatment of GR and the long-term stability of root coverage. A classification system based on anatomical soft and hard tissue variations has been proposed to facilitate tunneling procedures while respecting surgical principles.
Topics: Humans; Surgical Flaps; Gingival Recession; Gingiva; Connective Tissue; Wound Healing
PubMed: 37812141
DOI: 10.1002/cap.10267 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Aug 2023Teeth are subject to a variety of mechanical forces and vectors. The periodontal ligament (PDL), fibrous tissue that connects the cementum of the tooth to the bony... (Review)
Review
Teeth are subject to a variety of mechanical forces and vectors. The periodontal ligament (PDL), fibrous tissue that connects the cementum of the tooth to the bony socket, plays a decisive role in transmitting force to alveolar bone via Sharpey fibers, transforming and converting these forces into biological signals. This interaction effects significant osteoblastic and osteoclastic responses via autocrine proliferative and paracrine responses. Recent discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch by the Nobel laureates David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, respectively have a profound impact on orthodontics. Transient receptor vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1), initially described as a receptor for temperature, has been proposed to participate in the sensing of force. TRPV4, another ion channel receptor, perceives tensile forces as well as thermal and chemical stimuli. Piezo1 and 2, the classic receptors for touch, in addition to the aforementioned receptors, have similarly been described on PDL-derived cells. In this text, we review the role of the temperature-sensitive ion channels and mechanosensitive ion channels on their biological function and influence in orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Periodontal Ligament; Temperature; Ion Channels; Dental Cementum; Mechanotransduction, Cellular
PubMed: 37291724
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13137 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2024In traditional Chinese medicine, propolis has been used for treating oral diseases for centuries, widely. Flavonoid extract is the main active ingredient in propolis,...
Flavonoid extract from propolis alleviates periodontitis by boosting periodontium regeneration and inflammation resolution via regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and RANK/NF-κB pathway.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
In traditional Chinese medicine, propolis has been used for treating oral diseases for centuries, widely. Flavonoid extract is the main active ingredient in propolis, which has attracted extensive attention in recent years.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The objective and novelty of the current study aims to identify the mechanism of total flavonoid extract of propolis (TFP) for the treatment of periodontitis, and evaluate the therapeutic effect of TFP-loaded liquid crystal hydrogel (TFP-LLC) in rats with periodontitis.
METHODS
In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide-stimulated periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to construct in vitro inflammation model, and investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of TFP by expression levels of inflammatory factors. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed using alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining. Meanwhile, the expression of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) etc, were quantitated to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of TFP. Finally, we constructed TFP-LLC using a self-emulsification method and administered it to rats with periodontitis via periodontal pocket injection to evaluate the therapeutic effects. The therapeutic index, microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT), H&E staining, TRAP staining, and Masson staining were used for this evaluation.
RESULTS
TFP reduced the expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB and inflammatory factor in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PDLSCs. Meanwhile, TFP simultaneously regulating alkaline phosphatase, RANK, runt-associated transcription factor-2 and matrix metalloproteinase production to accelerate osteogenic differentiation and collagen secretion. In addition, TFP-LLC can stably anchor to the periodontal lesion site and sustainably release TFP. After four weeks of treatment with TFP-LLC, we observed a decrease in the levels of NF-κB and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the periodontal tissues of rats, as well as a significant reduction in inflammation in HE staining. Similarly, Micro CT results showed that TFP-LLC could significantly inhibit alveolar bone resorption, increase bone mineral density (BMD) and reduce trabecular bone space (Tb.Sp) in rats with periodontitis.
CONCLUSION
Collectively, we have firstly verified the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of TFP in PDLSCs for periodontitis treatment. Our results indicate that TFP perform anti-inflammatory and tissue repair activities through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and RANK/NF-κB pathways in PDLSCs. Meanwhile, for the first time, we employed LLC delivery system to load TFP for periodontitis treatment. The results showed that TFP-LLC could be effectively retained in the periodontal pocket and exerted a crucial role in inflammation resolution and periodontal tissue regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Periodontal Ligament; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; NF-kappa B; Propolis; Periodontal Pocket; Alkaline Phosphatase; Lipopolysaccharides; Osteogenesis; X-Ray Microtomography; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Inflammation; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Alveolar Bone Loss; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37852336
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117324 -
European Journal of Orthodontics Sep 2023Orthodontic mechanical force on the periodontal ligament induces extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release. However, mechanosensitive molecules have not been...
OBJECTIVES
Orthodontic mechanical force on the periodontal ligament induces extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release. However, mechanosensitive molecules have not been confirmed functionally in periodontal ligament cells. In the present study, we examined the roles of mechanosensitive PIEZO channels in the mechanically stimulated release of ATP in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
To examine PIEZO expression in HPdLFs, we performed reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, fluorescent immunostaining, and Ca2+ imaging. ATP concentrations were measured in culture medium after applications of the PIEZO1 agonist Yoda1 and compression force in a newly developed in vitro weight-loaded cell model (IVWLC) using balance weights and a 48-well plate. The mechanosensitive channel inhibitor GsMTx4 and the ATP-releasing route inhibitors clodronic acid, meclofenamic acid, and probenecid were used. To suppress PIEZO1 expression, short interference RNA (siRNA) treatment of the PIEZO1 gene was performed.
RESULTS
PIEZO1 mRNA was expressed more abundantly than PIEZO2 mRNA in HPdLFs. HPdLF cell bodies were immunoreactive to anti-PIEZO1 antibody. Yoda1 increased intracellular Ca2+ and extracellular ATP concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. ATP release was inhibited by GsMTx4 and inhibitors of ATP release routes. In the IVWLC, HPdLFs released ATP in response to compression force but not in response to hypoxic stimulation that was simultaneously applied to cells. Mechanically stimulated ATP release was inhibited by GsMTx4, inhibitors of ATP-releasing routes and siRNA treatment of PIEZO1.
CONCLUSIONS
PIEZO1 on the cell membranes of HPdLFs is activated by compression force and then induces ATP release via intracellular Ca2+-dependent exocytosis and ATP-permeable channels.
Topics: Humans; Calcium; Periodontal Ligament; Fibroblasts; Adenosine Triphosphate; RNA, Small Interfering
PubMed: 37632763
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad052 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Nov 2023Periodontal bone regeneration is a major challenge in the treatment of periodontitis. However, the regenerative vitality of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) declines...
Periodontal bone regeneration is a major challenge in the treatment of periodontitis. However, the regenerative vitality of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) declines in the environment of periodontitis and accompanying oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the functional mechanisms of Bach1, a transcriptional suppressor involved in oxidative stress response, and its regulation of PDLC osteogenesis under inflammatory conditions. We observed a significant elevation in Bach1 expression in periodontal tissues with periodontitis and PDLCs under inflammatory conditions. Knockdown of Bach1 alleviated the inflammation-induced oxidative stress level and partly offset the inhibitory effect of inflammatory conditions on osteogenesis, as well as the expression of osteogenic genes BMP6, OPG and RUNX2. Similarly, knockdown of Bach1 protects PDLCs from inflammatory damage to periodontal bone regeneration in vivo. Furthermore, we found that Bach1 could bind to the histone methyltransferase EZH2, and the binding increased under inflammatory conditions. Bach1 enhanced the ability of EZH2 to catalyse H3K27me3 on the promoter region of RUNX2 and BMP6, thus repressing the expression of osteoblastic genes. In conclusion, our study revealed that knockdown of Bach1 effectively rescued the osteogenesis and oxidative stress of PDLCs with inflammation. Bach1 could be a promising target for enhancing periodontal tissue regeneration under periodontitis conditions.
Topics: Humans; Bone Regeneration; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Inflammation; Osteogenesis; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis
PubMed: 37602966
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17916