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Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jul 2023The resolution of inflammation is an essential endogenous process that protects host tissues from an exaggerated chronic inflammatory response. Multiple interactions... (Review)
Review
The resolution of inflammation is an essential endogenous process that protects host tissues from an exaggerated chronic inflammatory response. Multiple interactions between host cells and resident oral microbiome regulate the protective functions that lead to inflammation in the oral cavity. Failure of appropriate regulation of inflammation can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases that result from an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution mediators. Thus, failure of the host to resolve inflammation can be considered an essential pathological mechanism for progression from the late stages of acute inflammation to a chronic inflammatory response. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which are essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived autacoid mediators, aid in regulating the endogenous inflammation resolving process by stimulating immune cell-mediated clearance of apoptotic polymorphonuclear neutrophils, cellular debris, and microbes, restricting further neutrophil tissue infiltration, and counter-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The SPM superfamily contains four specialized lipid mediator families: lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins that can activate resolution pathways. Understanding the crosstalk between resolution signals in the tissue response to injury has therapeutic application potential for preventing, maintaining, and regenerating chronically damaged tissues. Here, we discuss the fundamental concepts of resolution as an active biochemical process, novel concepts demonstrating the role of resolution mediators in tissue regeneration in periodontal and pulpal diseases, and future directions for therapeutic applications with particular emphasis on periodontal therapy.
Topics: Humans; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Inflammation Mediators; Inflammation; Eicosanoids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
PubMed: 37244405
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108453 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Cannabinoids are a well-documented treatment modality for various immune and inflammatory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn's... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Cannabinoids are a well-documented treatment modality for various immune and inflammatory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn's disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and a range of neurodegenerative conditions. However, limited information is available regarding the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in treating periodontal disease.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to analyze the current evidence on the antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of cannabis and its role in the healing and regeneration processes within periodontal tissues.
RESULTS
This review discusses the potential role of cannabinoids in restoring periodontal tissue homeostasis.
CONCLUSIONS
The examination of the endocannabinoid system and the physiological effects of cannabinoids in the periodontium suggests that they possess immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties, which could potentially promote proper tissue healing and regeneration.
PubMed: 38136721
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121687 -
Journal of Dental Research Nov 2023Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is the major iatrogenic complication of orthodontic treatment, seriously endangering tooth longevity and...
Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is the major iatrogenic complication of orthodontic treatment, seriously endangering tooth longevity and impairing masticatory function. Osteoclasts are thought to be the primary effector cells that initiate the pathological process of OIIRR; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for OIIRR remain unclear. Our previous studies revealed that cementocytes, the major mechanically responsive cells in cementum, respond to compressive stress to activate and influence osteoclasts locally. For this study, we hypothesized that the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway, a key mechanotransduction pathway in cementocytes, may regulate osteoclasts under the different magnitudes of either physiologic compressive stress that causes tooth movement or pathologic stress that causes OIIRR. Here, we show a biphasic effect of higher compression force stimulating the synthesis and secretion of S1P, whereas lower compression force reduced signaling in IDG-CM6 cementocytes. Using conditioned media from force-loaded cementocytes, we verified the cell-to-cell communication between cementocytes and osteoclasts and show that selective knockdown of S1PR1 and Rac1 plays a role in cementocyte-driven osteoclastogenesis via the S1P/S1PR1/Rac1 axis. Most importantly, the use of inhibitors of this axis reduced or prevented the pathological process of OIIRR. The intercellular communication mechanisms between cementocytes and osteoclasts may serve as a promising therapeutic target for OIIRR.
Topics: Humans; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Osteogenesis; Dental Cementum; Root Resorption; Signal Transduction; Tooth Movement Techniques; Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors
PubMed: 37735908
DOI: 10.1177/00220345231195765 -
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin Jul 2023Periodontal disease is the most common oral disease. This disease can be considered as an inflammatory disease. The immune response to bacteria accumulated in the gum... (Review)
Review
Periodontal disease is the most common oral disease. This disease can be considered as an inflammatory disease. The immune response to bacteria accumulated in the gum line plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In addition to immune cells, periodontal ligament cells and gingival epithelial cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. miRNAs which are small RNA molecules with around 22 nucleotides have a considerable relationship with the immune system affecting a wide range of immunological events. These small molecules are also in relation with periodontium tissues especially periodontal ligament cells. Extensive studies have been performed in recent years on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In this review paper, we have reviewed the results of these studies and discussed the role of miRNAs in the immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease comprehensively. miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and maybe helpful therapeutic targets for the treatment of periodontal disease.
PubMed: 37646047
DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.048 -
Experimental Dermatology Jan 2024In order to retrospectively analyse the multi-site involvement pattern of erosive lichen planus patients, we retrospectively reported the clinical and medical data of...
In order to retrospectively analyse the multi-site involvement pattern of erosive lichen planus patients, we retrospectively reported the clinical and medical data of three patients with erosive lichen planus which involving their vulva, vagina, gingiva, and ear canal. We confirmed the existence of otic lichen planus, and found that it is more common in patients with vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome of erosive lichen planus. Therefore, we propose 'vulvovaginal-gingival-otic syndrome' to further describe this rare compound pattern of lichen planus.
Topics: Female; Humans; Vaginal Diseases; Gingiva; Retrospective Studies; Vulvar Diseases; Lichen Planus; Lichen Planus, Oral; Syndrome; Vulva; Vagina
PubMed: 37612855
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14912 -
Primary Dental Journal Dec 2023Traumatic dental injuries pose a variety of complex ongoing issues to the dental practitioner. As dental injuries are commonly experienced at a young age, the treatment... (Review)
Review
Traumatic dental injuries pose a variety of complex ongoing issues to the dental practitioner. As dental injuries are commonly experienced at a young age, the treatment often takes place during adolescence or early in adulthood years at crucial development stages and very early in the life of the permanent successor. Therefore, the ability to correctly diagnose the injury, and follow an appropriate management plan should increase practitioners' ability to improve both the outcomes of dental trauma and long-term prognosis of the tooth.The consequences of dental trauma can be explored by taking into consideration the type of injury, which enables an assessment of the degree of insult to the pulpal tissues, neurovascular bundle, periodontal ligament and cemental cells. This has a direct influence on post-trauma complications. Early intervention, where indicated, and appropriate follow-up utilising international guidelines is imperative to identify changing diagnoses and act accordingly. This review paper will discuss the classification of traumatic injuries and their associated outcomes with management strategies for emerging disease including potential endodontic and restorative complexities and when to refer to secondary care.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Tooth Injuries; Dentists; Professional Role; Tooth; Dental Pulp
PubMed: 38018673
DOI: 10.1177/20501684231213908 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Dec 2023Periodontitis, a chronic infectious disease, primarily arises from infections and the invasion of periodontal pathogens. This condition is typified by alveolar bone loss... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis, a chronic infectious disease, primarily arises from infections and the invasion of periodontal pathogens. This condition is typified by alveolar bone loss resulting from host immune responses and inflammatory reactions. Periodontal pathogens trigger aberrant inflammatory reactions within periodontal tissues, thereby exacerbating the progression of periodontitis. Simultaneously, these pathogens and metabolites stimulate osteoclast differentiation, which leads to alveolar bone resorption. Moreover, a range of systemic diseases, including diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, can contribute to the development and progression of periodontitis. Many studies have underscored the pivotal role of gut microbiota in bone health through the gut-alveolar bone axis. The circulation may facilitate the transfer of gut pathogens or metabolites to distant alveolar bone, which in turn regulates bone homeostasis. Additionally, gut pathogens can elicit gut immune responses and direct immune cells to remote organs, potentially exacerbating periodontitis. This review summarizes the influence of oral microbiota on the development of periodontitis as well as the association between gut microbiota and periodontitis. By uncovering potential mechanisms of the gut-bone axis, this analysis provides novel insights for the targeted treatment of pathogenic bacteria in periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Alveolar Bone Loss; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Periodontitis; Inflammation; Periodontium
PubMed: 37712722
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13168 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Jul 2023Scaffolds are implants commonly used to deliver cells, drugs, and genes into the body. Their regular porous structure ensures the proper support for cell attachment,... (Review)
Review
Scaffolds are implants commonly used to deliver cells, drugs, and genes into the body. Their regular porous structure ensures the proper support for cell attachment, proliferation, differentiated function, and migration. Techniques to fabricate a scaffold include leaching, freeze-drying, supercritical fluid technology, thermally induced phase separation, rapid prototyping, powder compaction, sol-gel, and melt molding. Gene delivery from the scaffold represents a versatile approach to influence the environment for managing cell function. Scaffolds can be used for various tissue engineering purposes, e.g. bone formation, periodontal regeneration, cartilage development, artificial corneas, heart valves, tendon repair, or ligament replacement. Moreover, they are also instrumental in cancer therapy, inflammation, diabetes, heart disease, and wound dressings. Scaffolds provide a platform to extend the delivery of drugs and genetic materials at a controlled timeframe, besides potentially being used to prevent infection upon surgery and other chronic diseases, provided that they can be formulated with specific medicines. This review discusses the need to design advanced functional scaffolds with the potential for modified drug delivery and tissue engineering in a synergistic approach. Special attention is given to works published in 2023 to generate the bibliometric map.
Topics: Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Drug Delivery Systems; Gene Transfer Techniques; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 37286137
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.05.042 -
Inflammation May 2024The periodontium is a highly organized ecosystem, and the imbalance between oral microorganisms and host defense leads to periodontal diseases. The periodontal... (Review)
Review
The periodontium is a highly organized ecosystem, and the imbalance between oral microorganisms and host defense leads to periodontal diseases. The periodontal pathogens, mainly Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, colonize the periodontal niches or enter the blood circulation, resulting in periodontal tissue destruction and distal organ damage. This phenomenon links periodontitis with various systemic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, steatohepatitis, and Alzheimer's disease. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular self-degradation process essential for eliminating internalized pathogens. Nowadays, increasing studies have been carried out in cells derived from periodontal tissues, immune system, and distant organs to investigate the relationship between periodontal pathogen infection and autophagy-related activities. On one hand, as a vital part of innate and adaptive immunity, autophagy actively participates in host resistance to periodontal bacterial infection. On the other, certain periodontal pathogens exploit autophagic vesicles or pathways to evade immune surveillance, therefore achieving survival within host cells. This review provides an overview of the autophagy process and focuses on periodontopathogen-related autophagy and their involvements in cells of different tissue origins, so as to comprehensively understand the role of autophagy in the occurrence and development of periodontal diseases and various periodontitis-associated systemic illnesses.
PubMed: 38762837
DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02049-8 -
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high incidence and severity in the elderly population, making it a significant public health concern. Ageing is a... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high incidence and severity in the elderly population, making it a significant public health concern. Ageing is a primary risk factor for the development of periodontitis, exacerbating alveolar bone loss and leading to tooth loss in the geriatric population. Despite extensive research, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between ageing and periodontitis remain elusive. Understanding the intricate mechanisms that connect ageing and inflammation may help reveal new therapeutic targets and provide valuable options to tackle the challenges encountered by the rapidly expanding global ageing population. In this review, we highlight the latest scientific breakthroughs in the pathways by which inflammaging mediates the decline in periodontal function and triggers the onset of periodontitis. We also provide a comprehensive overview of the latest findings and discuss potential avenues for future research in this critical area of investigation.
PubMed: 38002398
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111274