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Veterinary Parasitology, Regional... Nov 2023The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) is a popular upland game bird that is suffering from severe and ongoing population decline. In this study, we investigated...
The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) is a popular upland game bird that is suffering from severe and ongoing population decline. In this study, we investigated the potential health impacts of gastrointestinal and periorbital parasites in bobwhite in western Oklahoma, USA. A sample of 206 bobwhites from 2018 to 2020 indicated a low prevalence and diversity of parasites. However, at least one gastrointestinal or ocular parasite species was detected in 112 bobwhite (54.4%). A total of three gastrointestinal parasite species were detected, including Aulonocephalus pennula (54% prevalence, mean intensity 71.6 ± 99.8), Raillietina spp. (7%, 4.2 ± 1.9), and a single immature Mediorhynchus sp. acanthocephalan (0.5%). Burdens of A. pennula infections were negatively associated with fat stores in their bobwhite host. Low intensities (range 1-10, mean 3.9 ± 2.9) of eyeworms (Oxyspirura petrowi) were observed in 12.6% (26/206) of bobwhite sampled and were not associated with fat stores. No significant histologic lesions were associated with O. petrowi worms in ocular and surrounding tissues of 68 quail eyes examined, of which 26 (38%) were positive for eyeworms. Overall, the prevalence and intensity of parasites in bobwhite in Oklahoma were lower than in previous studies in Texas in similar physiographic regions. However, continued studies on the impacts of these parasites on quail health are needed as environmental and climate changes could alter the ecology and significance of these parasites.
Topics: Animals; Colinus; Parasites; Oklahoma; Thelazioidea; Ascaridida
PubMed: 37935543
DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100936 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Jan 2024Periorbital cellulitis in children are commonly caused by acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). This study investigated the association of ARS and the severity of periorbital...
OBJECTIVE
Periorbital cellulitis in children are commonly caused by acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). This study investigated the association of ARS and the severity of periorbital cellulitis in children.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective case-control study of children with periorbital cellulitis with ARS versus periorbital cellulitis without ARS.
SETTING
Patients were seen at West Virginia University Children's Hospitals between August 2011 to August 2022.
METHODS
Patients were divided into cases and controls based on presence or absence of ARS. ARS was defined based on clinical symptoms with objective presence of disease on CT scan. Patients' characteristics, treatment, hospital length of stay, and readmission were collected.
RESULTS
The sample consisted of 118 pediatric patients with orbital cellulitis. Patients with ARS were younger than patients without ARS (6.3 vs 8.5, p = 0.025), however there were no sex differences between two groups (p = 0.540). The ARS group had higher incidence of postseptal cellulitis (51.5% vs 9.6%, p < 0.001). As compared to patients without ARS, patients with ARS were more likely to be admitted (p < 0.001), have a longer length of stay (median of 3.5 days vs 0.5 days, p < 0.001), require IV antibiotics (95.3% vs 54.9%, p < 0.001), and require surgical intervention (23.1% vs 5.8%, p < 0.001). Readmission rate was similar between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
Children presenting with acute periorbital cellulitis who have ARS tend to have more severe infection requiring higher level of care. ARS should be assessed and incorporated into the plan of care of pediatric patients with periorbital infections.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Orbital Cellulitis; Retrospective Studies; Case-Control Studies; Rhinosinusitis; Cellulitis; Sinusitis; Inflammation; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Orbital Diseases
PubMed: 38043186
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111813 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Apr 2024Hyperbaric oxygen therapy consists of breathing 100% oxygen continuously or intermittently in a chamber at a pressure equal to or greater than 1.4 absolute atmospheres.... (Review)
Review
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy consists of breathing 100% oxygen continuously or intermittently in a chamber at a pressure equal to or greater than 1.4 absolute atmospheres. Indicated for the emergency treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning and other medical-surgical pathologies such as gas embolism or necrotizing soft-tissue infections, various studies have shown a beneficial effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in certain ocular pathologies, notably of microcirculatory origin, such as central retinal artery occlusion or macular edema linked to retinal vein occlusions. In addition, hyperbaric oxygen might represent an alternative treatment for ocular quinine toxicity and might also be useful as an adjuvant to surgery and antibiotics in cases of periorbital necrotizing fasciitis. On the other hand, oxygen in high concentrations has toxic ocular effects due to the production of reactive oxygen derivatives.
Topics: Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Microcirculation; Eye Diseases; Oxygen; Fasciitis, Necrotizing
PubMed: 38430627
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104107 -
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma &... Dec 2023Retrospective study.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective study.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate patient demographics, surgical management, and complications of orbital and orbitozygomaticomaxillary complex (OZMC) fractures treated at a district hospital in Norway.
METHODS
The medical records of patients with orbital fractures treated at Aalesund hospital between January 2002 and July 2017 were reviewed. Data on demographics, signs and symptoms, cause of injury, fracture type, associated fractures, surgical management, and complications were collected.
RESULTS
A total of 36 patients were reviewed. Males predominated (1:4.1), and fractures occurred mostly in patients 40-59 years (mean 41.8 years). Interpersonal violence was the leading cause of injury, followed by falls. Alcohol was significantly associated with assault caused fractures ( .001). Orbitozygomaticomaxillary fractures were the most frequent, followed by pure orbital fractures. Clinical findings included periorbital ecchymosis (72%), swelling (56%), sensory nerve dysfunction (53%), diplopia (22%), and restricted eye motility (22%). Commotio cerebri was observed in more than half of our sample and 47% had other facial bone fractures. Referral to tertiary hospitals was done in 19% of the cases. The main treatment done was open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) (45%). Infection was diagnosed in 17% and managed with antibiotics.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of orbital and OZMC fractures in Moere and Romsdal county in western Norway was low, occurring mainly in males over 40 years. The mechanism of injury was predominantly interpersonal violence and falls. A high proportion of the sample had minor traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
PubMed: 38047149
DOI: 10.1177/19433875221135932 -
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2024To determine the frequency of patients' vision survival and prognostic factors and evaluate clinical features in rhino-orbital mucormycosis.
AIM
To determine the frequency of patients' vision survival and prognostic factors and evaluate clinical features in rhino-orbital mucormycosis.
METHODS
Forty-three eyes of 43 patients followed up with orbital mucormycosis infections were included in the study. Demographic characteristics of the patients, symptoms at admission, ophthalmologic and non-ophthalmologic examination findings, clinical findings during follow-up, medical and surgical procedures, and complications were recorded. Patient survival was determined by assessing the incidence of mortality, and vision survival was defined as achieving a final visual acuity of at least light perception.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven (62.8%) patients were male, and 16 (37.2%) were female. When the underlying disease status of the patients was examined, it was observed that all patients had an underlying disease and diabetes constituted the majority (65.2%). Periorbital swelling (69.8%) and ophthalmoplegia (53.5%) were the most common symptoms and findings at the admission of patients with mucormycosis infection. The disease resulted in death in 22 (51.2%) patients. The presence of fever and shorter duration of antifungal therapy were associated with lower patient survival. Exenteration surgery was not found to be associated with the survival of the patients. Frozen eye, loss of pupillary light reflex, and development of central retinal artery occlusion were associated with lower vision survival.
CONCLUSION
This study presents one of the most extensive patient series in the literature on rhino-orbital mucormycosis. Knowing the patients' symptoms at the time of admission and the clinical findings during the infection process will increase awareness about the disease.
PubMed: 38766351
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.05.17 -
BMC Ophthalmology Nov 2023Orbital cellulitis is common in young children and is often secondary to coexisting sinus disease. Coexisting orbital cellulitis and panophthalmitis is a rare clinical...
BACKGROUND
Orbital cellulitis is common in young children and is often secondary to coexisting sinus disease. Coexisting orbital cellulitis and panophthalmitis is a rare clinical event and usually occurs secondary to trauma or from an endogenous source.
CASE PRESENTATION
A febrile 2-year-old male presented with periorbital inflammation and exudative retinal detachment. Imaging showed acute sinusitis and extensive orbital cellulitis. Because of progressive scleral thinning, the patient underwent enucleation.
CONCLUSION
We present a case of concurrent orbital cellulitis, panophthalmitis, and scleral necrosis in an immunocompetent pediatric patient. Timely intervention is important to prevent life threatening complications with the rare occurrence of coexistent orbital cellulitis and panophthalmitis.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Male; Eye Diseases; Necrosis; Orbital Cellulitis; Orbital Diseases; Panophthalmitis; Sinusitis
PubMed: 37957590
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03193-9 -
Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA Mar 2024There is substantial practice variation in the management of cellulitis with limited prospective studies describing the course of cellulitis after diagnosis. We aimed to...
OBJECTIVE
There is substantial practice variation in the management of cellulitis with limited prospective studies describing the course of cellulitis after diagnosis. We aimed to describe the demographics, clinical features (erythema, warmth, swelling and pain), patient-reported disease trajectory and medium-term follow-up for ED patients with cellulitis.
METHODS
Prospective observational cohort study of adults diagnosed with cellulitis in two EDs in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Patients with (peri)orbital cellulitis and abscess were excluded. Data were obtained from a baseline questionnaire, electronic medical records and follow-up questionnaires at 3, 7 and 14 days. Clinician adjudication of day 14 cellulitis cure was compared to patient assessment. Descriptive analyses were conducted.
RESULTS
Three-hundred patients (mean age 50 years, SD 19.9) with cellulitis were enrolled, predominantly affecting the lower limb (75%). Cellulitis features showed greatest improvement between enrolment and day 3. Clinical improvement continued gradually at days 7 and 14 with persistent skin erythema (41%) and swelling (37%) at day 14. Skin warmth was the feature most likely to be resolved at each time point. There was a discrepancy in clinician and patient assessment of cellulitis cure at day 14 (85.8% vs. 52.8% cured).
CONCLUSIONS
A clinical response of cellulitis features can be expected at day 3 with ongoing slower improvement over time. Over one third of patients had erythema or swelling at day 14. Patients are less likely than clinicians to deem their cellulitis cured at day 14. Future research should include parallel patient and clinician evaluation of cellulitis to help develop clearer definitions of treatment failure and cure.
PubMed: 38481041
DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14401 -
BMJ Case Reports Jun 2023Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an immune-mediated event, characterised by the destruction of platelets by autoantibodies resulting in isolated thrombocytopaenia...
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an immune-mediated event, characterised by the destruction of platelets by autoantibodies resulting in isolated thrombocytopaenia (platelets <100 x10/L). In children, most cases are preceded by a viral infection. Cases of ITP in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described. We describe a previously healthy boy, who presented with an extensive frontal and periorbital haematoma, petechial rash on the trunk and coryza. He had suffered a minor head trauma, 9 days before admission. Blood tests revealed a platelet count of 8000/µL. The remainder study was unremarkable, except for a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR. Treatment comprised a single dose of intravenous immunoglobulin, with increase in platelet count and no recurrence. We made a working diagnosis of an ITP concurrent with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although few cases have been described, SARS-CoV-2 might be considered as a trigger for ITP.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Thrombocytopenia; Blood Platelets
PubMed: 37385718
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-254352 -
Cureus May 2024Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection, also commonly known as chickenpox, is a communicable disease most often contracted in childhood via contact, airborne, or droplet...
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection, also commonly known as chickenpox, is a communicable disease most often contracted in childhood via contact, airborne, or droplet transmission. After about a two-week incubation period, patients can experience a prodromal phase, which includes a pruritic vesicular blistering rash with associated constitutional symptoms such as fever, headache, malaise, muscle aches, fatigue, and sore throat. Symptoms are often self-limiting and only require supportive care and observation. We report a case of a 54-year-old female who presented with an unusual background history and was found to have a rare manifestation of herpes zoster virus, presenting as herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO).
PubMed: 38883095
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60453 -
International Ophthalmology Feb 2024To report demographic characteristics and ophthalmological manifestations of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in a tertiary eye care center in Turkey.
PURPOSE
To report demographic characteristics and ophthalmological manifestations of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in a tertiary eye care center in Turkey.
METHODS
Medical records of patients with GPA-related ocular manifestations evaluated between 2013 and 2023 were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients including nature of systemic involvement, ophthalmologic symptoms and signs, laboratory investigations and treatment modality were reviewed.
RESULTS
Twelve eyes of 10 patients (5 female/5 male) were included. The mean age was 57.2 ± 12.2 (35-71) years. Five (50%) patients were already diagnosed with GPA. Ocular involvement was the first manifestation of GPA in 3 patients. The remaining 2 patients had simultaneous systemic and ocular symptoms at presentation. Conjunctival hyperemia (9 eyes) and pain (7 eyes) were the most frequent presenting symptoms followed by blurred vision (3 eyes). The frequencies of ocular manifestations were as follows:episcleritis (3 eyes), isolated peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) (3 eyes), scleritis (3 eyes), simultaneous PUK and scleritis (2 eyes) and periorbital mass (1 eye).
CONCLUSION
Ophthalmological manifestations can be the initial findings in GPA. Since GPA can affect different structures of the eye, it sometimes might be challenging for ophthalmologists. Therefore, it is crucial for ophthalmologists to be well-informed about GPA-related ocular findings and to have a high index of suspicion for GPA. Although PUK associated with scleritis is highly suggestive for GPA, isolated cases of PUK or scleritis can be seen in GPA. Therefore, it is important to adopt a multidisciplinary approach, consider GPA in differential diagnosis, and benefit from accurate diagnostic tests.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Scleritis; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Eye; Vision Disorders; Conjunctivitis; Corneal Ulcer
PubMed: 38321188
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02989-y