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Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 2023To develop and test the psychometric properties of the Pakistani Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale.
OBJECTIVE
To develop and test the psychometric properties of the Pakistani Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale.
METHODS
In the item generation phase, constructs of the scale were identified through an in-depth literature review and items were written to measure the constructs. Following this, input of the experts was obtained for content validity index. In the item reduction phase, psychometric properties were measured. Initially, the scale was administered to 580 study participants during May 2018-2020 after approval from the institutional review board. Data was analyzed through SPSS v21, AMOS v21 and Omega extension.
RESULTS
First phase identified 54-items for seven constructs including contextual perspective, perseverance, reflection, intellectual integrity, creativity, open-mindedness, and inquisitiveness. Second phase determined KMO test value of 0.974 and Bartlett's test (P-Value < 0.001). The second-order confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit model explaining 73.37% total variance. Parsimony and baseline comparison indices were favorable. Alpha and Omega value of 42-items was 0.869.
CONCLUSION
Pakistani Critical Thinking Dispositions scale owning seven constructs and 42-items is valid, reliable, and feasible to use in undergraduate nursing education. However, its utilization in other healthcare disciplines can be tested.
PubMed: 37680803
DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.5.6832 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023This study examines grit as psychological mindsets that explain the link between self-regulatory employability attributes and perceived employability competency...
INTRODUCTION
This study examines grit as psychological mindsets that explain the link between self-regulatory employability attributes and perceived employability competency expectations in a sample of South African adults ( = 308).
METHODS
A quantitative, cross-sectional research design approach was used to collect primary data.
RESULTS
Results of a mediation analysis through structural equation modelling revealed grit as an important mechanism to strengthen the association between employability attributes (career agility, cultural ingenuity, proactive career resilience) and employability competency expectations (autonomy/leadership skills and personal employability qualities).
DISCUSSION
This study makes an important contribution to the role of learning and training through understanding the role of grit in enhancing prospects of employability. This study further adds to the grit literature, highlighting the role that grit plays in the contemporary employment context. Practical implications include supportive practices that strengthen individual workers' grit when confronted with the turbulent changes of today's work world.
PubMed: 38090181
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1298299 -
Brain Communications 2023Though phonemic fluency tasks are traditionally indexed by the number of correct responses, the underlying disorder may shape the specific choice of words-both correct...
Though phonemic fluency tasks are traditionally indexed by the number of correct responses, the underlying disorder may shape the specific choice of words-both correct and erroneous. We report the first comprehensive qualitative analysis of incorrect and correct words generated on the phonemic ('S') fluency test, in a large sample of patients ( = 239) with focal, unilateral frontal or posterior lesions and healthy controls ( = 136). We conducted detailed qualitative analyses of the single words generated in the phonemic fluency task using categorical descriptions for different types of errors, low-frequency words and clustering/switching. We further analysed patients' and healthy controls' entire sequences of words by employing stochastic block modelling of Generative Pretrained Transformer 3-based deep language representations. We conducted predictive modelling to investigate whether deep language representations of word sequences improved the accuracy of detecting the presence of frontal lesions using the phonemic fluency test. Our qualitative analyses of the single words generated revealed several novel findings. For the different types of errors analysed, we found a non-lateralized frontal effect for profanities, left frontal effects for proper nouns and permutations and a left posterior effect for perseverations. For correct words, we found a left frontal effect for low-frequency words. Our novel large language model-based approach found five distinct communities whose varied word selection patterns reflected characteristic demographic and clinical features. Predictive modelling showed that a model based on Generative Pretrained Transformer 3-derived word sequence representations predicted the presence of frontal lesions with greater fidelity than models of native features. Our study reveals a characteristic pattern of phonemic fluency responses produced by patients with frontal lesions. These findings demonstrate the significant inferential and diagnostic value of characterizing qualitative features of phonemic fluency performance with large language models and stochastic block modelling.
PubMed: 38046096
DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad318 -
Psychological Reports Oct 2023Grit, a positive psychological trait comprised of perseverance and passion, has been correlated with physician burnout but has not been extensively studied among medical...
Grit, a positive psychological trait comprised of perseverance and passion, has been correlated with physician burnout but has not been extensively studied among medical students. Identification of the relationship between grit and burnout as well as between burnout and other demographics could help to identify students at risk of burnout, while informing educational strategies to increase grit in the medical occupation. For this cross-sectional study, an online, email-based survey including demographic questions, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services (Medical Personnel) Survey, and the Short Grit Scale was distributed to an entire student body of allopathic medical students via a schoolwide listserv in 2019. The response rate was 39.6% (177/444). Negative correlations were displayed between grit and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and overall burnout. Positive correlation was demonstrated between grit and personal accomplishment. Male participants had higher depersonalization than female participants and fourth year medical students had higher depersonalization than other years of training. Fourth year medical students had higher personal accomplishment than other years of training and married students had higher personal accomplishment than those who had never been married. These findings are important not only for potential identification of students at risk of burnout, but also for development of strategies to bolster grit and mitigate distressing experiences in the medical occupation. Future studies are necessary to gauge how this relationship may evolve throughout a medical career.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Students, Medical; Cross-Sectional Studies; Burnout, Professional; Surveys and Questionnaires; Demography
PubMed: 35422163
DOI: 10.1177/00332941221087899 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Emotional urgency is an emotion-based subdimension of trait impulsivity that is more clinically relevant to psychopathology and disorders of emotion dysfunction than...
INTRODUCTION
Emotional urgency is an emotion-based subdimension of trait impulsivity that is more clinically relevant to psychopathology and disorders of emotion dysfunction than non-emotional subdimensions (i.e., lack of perseverance, sensation seeking, lack of premeditation). However, few studies have examined the relative effects of emotional urgency in bipolar disorder. This cross-sectional study aimed to establish the clinical relevance of emotional urgency in bipolar disorders by (1) explicating clinically relevant correlates of emotional urgency and (2) comparing its effects against non-emotional impulsivity subdimensions.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A total of 150 individuals with bipolar disorder were recruited between October 2021 and January 2023. Zero-order correlations found that emotional urgency had the greatest effect on bipolar symptoms ( = 0.37 to 0.44). Multiple two-step hierarchical regression models showed that (1) positive urgency predicted past manic symptomology and dysfunction severity ( = 1.94, < 0.001 and 0.35 < 0.05, respectively), (2) negative urgency predicted current depression severity, and (3) non-emotional facets of impulsivity had smaller effects on bipolar symptoms and dysfunction by contrast, and were non-significant factors in the final step of all regression models ( < 0.30, ns); Those who had a history of attempted suicide had significantly greater levels of emotional urgency (Cohen's = -0.63).
DISCUSSION
Notwithstanding the study's limitations, our findings expand status quo knowledge beyond the perennial relationship between non-emotion-based impulsivity and bipolar disorder and its implications.
PubMed: 38106393
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1277655 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Mar 2024Impulsivity contributes to many clinically relevant behaviors impacting youth. A scoping review was conducted to characterize existing research using the Urgency,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Impulsivity contributes to many clinically relevant behaviors impacting youth. A scoping review was conducted to characterize existing research using the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking (UPPS) Impulsive Behavior Scales in youth populations, to review the psychometric and validity data of UPPS, and to summarize findings related to sex/gender and diagnostic populations of youth.
METHOD
PubMed, Embase, and PsycNET databases were searched from January 1, 2001 (original UPPS publication) through October 2, 2022, according to PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Articles were reviewed for inclusion/exclusion by 2 authors. Original research articles in English using any UPPS version or subscale in persons aged ≤21 years were included.
RESULTS
Inclusion criteria were met by 45 articles, with low bias and moderate-to-high quality. Most were cross-sectional studies; studies investigated diverse community and clinical samples. The UPPS demonstrated consistent factor structure, good reliability, and good external validity with other measures of impulsive behaviors and conditions associated with impaired impulse control. Some studies observed differences in UPPS domain scores between sex/gender groups or differential patterns in relationships between UPPS domains and clinical variables. UPPS subscale scores often differed in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorders, substance use, and excess weight/obesity compared with control youth. UPPS domains commonly had interactions with sex/gender, sociodemographic, and diagnosis-related variables.
CONCLUSION
The current literature suggests that the UPPS has utility in measuring distinct components of impulsivity in clinical and nonclinical populations of youth. Specificity in discriminating diagnostic groups and predicting risk currently remains uncertain. Further research is needed to integrate UPPS measures with experimental models and additional neurobiological methods and to assess longitudinal developmental trajectories.
PubMed: 38552900
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.03.011 -
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders Aug 2023Lewy Body Disease (LBD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Despite high family caregiver strain and adverse patient and caregiver outcomes, few...
BACKGROUND
Lewy Body Disease (LBD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Despite high family caregiver strain and adverse patient and caregiver outcomes, few interventions exist for LBD family caregivers. Based on a successful peer mentoring pilot study in advanced Parkinson's Disease, we revised the curriculum of this peer-led educational intervention incorporating LBD caregiver input.
OBJECTIVE
We assessed feasibility of a peer mentor-led educational intervention and its impact on LBD family caregivers' knowledge, dementia attitudes, and mastery.
METHODS
Using community-based participatory research, we refined a 16-week peer mentoring intervention and recruited caregivers online through national foundations. Experienced LBD caregiver mentors were trained and matched with newer caregiver mentees with whom they spoke weekly for 16 weeks, supported by the intervention curriculum. We measured intervention fidelity biweekly, program satisfaction, and change in LBD knowledge, dementia attitudes, and caregiving mastery before and after the 16-week intervention.
RESULTS
Thirty mentor-mentee pairs completed a median of 15 calls (range: 8-19; 424 total calls; median 45 min each). As satisfaction indicators, participants rated 95.3% of calls as useful, and at week 16, all participants indicated they would recommend the intervention to other caregivers. Mentees' knowledge and dementia attitudes improved by 13% (p < 0.05) and 7% (p < 0.001), respectively. Training improved mentors' LBD knowledge by 32% (p < 0.0001) and dementia attitudes by 2.5% (p < 0.001). Neither mentor nor mentee mastery changed significantly (p = 0.36, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
This LBD caregiver-designed and -led intervention was feasible, well-received, and effective in improving knowledge and dementia attitudes in both seasoned and newer caregivers.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04649164ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04649164; December 2, 2020.
Topics: Humans; Mentors; Lewy Body Disease; Caregivers; Pilot Projects; Learning
PubMed: 37385161
DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105492 -
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2024The application of regenerative methods in treating maxillofacial defects can be categorized as functional bone regeneration in which scaffolds without protection are... (Review)
Review
The application of regenerative methods in treating maxillofacial defects can be categorized as functional bone regeneration in which scaffolds without protection are used and in-situ bone regeneration in which a protected healing space is created to induce bone formation. It has been shown that functional bone regeneration can reduce surgical time and obviate the necessity of autogenous bone grafting. However, studies mainly focused on applying this method to reconstruct minor bone effects, and more investigation concerning the large defects is required. In terms of in situ maxillofacial bone regeneration with the help of CAD-CAM technologies, the present data have suggested feasible mesh rigidity, perseverance of the underlying space, and apt augmentative results with CAD-CAM-based individualized Ti meshes. However, complications, including dehiscence and mesh exposure, coupled with consequent graft loss, infection and impeded regenerative rates have also been reported.
Topics: Humans; Bone Regeneration; Computer-Aided Design; Osteogenesis; Wound Healing
PubMed: 36372914
DOI: 10.2174/1574888X18666221111154057 -
Psychiatry Investigation Feb 2024Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that plays an important role in various problem behaviors in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to validate...
OBJECTIVE
Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that plays an important role in various problem behaviors in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to validate a Korean version of the short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale for Children.
METHODS
Participants were 330 children (166 female) from 2 elementary schools in Korea and 94 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children (23 female) from two major hospitals. The Korean short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale for Children (UPPS-P-C) (20 items), Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 (CBCL 6-18), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) were administered. 107 children from the control group were retested 6 months later.
RESULTS
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted in the control group supported a 5-factor hierarchical model in which 1) positive and negative urgency factors are loaded on a higher-order factor of general urgency; 2) lack of perseveration and lack of premeditation factors are loaded on a higher-order factor of lack of conscientiousness; and 3) sensation seeking remained as a separate dimension. Reliability analysis demonstrated that the 5 factors of the Korean short UPPS-P-C had acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Lack of premeditation and lack of perseveration subscales showed significant correlations with measures of problem behaviors in CBCL and all the subscales were correlated with the BIS-11. The ADHD group showed significantly higher scores in lack of premeditation, lack of perseveration, positive urgency, and negative urgency subscales.
CONCLUSION
This study indicates that the Korean version of short UPPS-P-C has adequate reliability and validity. It may be a valid tool to assess impulsivity of healthy children as well as ADHD.
PubMed: 38433420
DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0277 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2024Agentive steadfastness was identified as a potential trait marker with which to anticipate prognostically that a patient will persevere steadfastly and take congruent... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Agentive steadfastness was identified as a potential trait marker with which to anticipate prognostically that a patient will persevere steadfastly and take congruent action in facing the demands of living. Taken as an enduring expression of personality, this study investigated agentive steadfastness among adult social media respondents (n = 511) in relation to temperament and character as captured in Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality.
METHODS
Participants recruited though snowball sampling on social media platforms, applied the 27-item Agentive Steadfastness Index (ASI) and the 240-item Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R-240).
RESULTS
Agentive steadfastness was statistically predicted by the Self-directedness (β = 0.634), Self-transcendence (β = 0.119), Harm Avoidance (β = -0.142) and the Reward Dependence (β = 0.071) scales, accounting for 63.3 % of the variance in one stepwise regression model. In another stepwise model for the TCI-R-240 subscales, the Purposeful (β = 0.359), Anticipatory Worry (β = -0.353), and the Responsibility (β = 0.259) subscales accounted for respectively 56.8 %, 11.2 % and 2.8 % of the variance in ASI scores.
LIMITATIONS
Results are limited to adult social media respondents who were willing to participate.
CONCLUSIONS
Agentive steadfastness may serve as a trait marker of well-being and the good prognostic associations that have been established for high self-directedness, low harm avoidance, as well as resilience, and character strengths. It may be assessed clinically to anticipate prognostically the extent to which a patient will persevere steadfastly and take congruent action in facing the demands of living and adversity.
PubMed: 38844170
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.017