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BMC Psychology Nov 2023Although the tobacco epidemic is one of the greatest public health threats, the smoking cessation rate among Chinese adults is considerably lower. Personality...
BACKGROUND
Although the tobacco epidemic is one of the greatest public health threats, the smoking cessation rate among Chinese adults is considerably lower. Personality information may indicate which treatments or interventions are more likely to be effective. China is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco worldwide. However, little is known about the association between smoking cessation and personality traits in China.
AIM
This study aimed to examine the association between successful smoking cessation and personality traits among Chinese adults.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study used data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies. Probit regression models were employed to analyze the association between successful smoking cessation and personality traits stratified by sex.
RESULTS
Lower scores for neuroticism (Coef.=-0.055, p < 0.1), lower scores for extraversion (Coef.=-0.077, p < 0.05), and higher scores for openness to experience (Coef.=0.045, p < 0.1) predicted being a successful male quitter after adjusting for demographics. Moreover, lower scores for conscientiousness (Coef.=-0.150, p < 0.1) predicted being a successful female quitter after adjusting for demographics.
CONCLUSION
The empirical findings suggested that among Chinese men, lower levels of neuroticism, lower levels of extraversion, and higher levels of openness to experience were associated with a higher likelihood of smoking cessation. Moreover, lower levels of conscientiousness were associated with successful smoking cessation among Chinese women. These results showed that personality information should be included in smoking cessation interventions.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Female; Smoking Cessation; Cross-Sectional Studies; East Asian People; Personality; Neuroticism; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 37978396
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01442-6 -
Community Dentistry and Oral... Oct 2023Accumulating evidence has revealed that dental anxiety is robustly associated with dental care-related pain and discomfort, but also with the personality trait of...
OBJECTIVES
Accumulating evidence has revealed that dental anxiety is robustly associated with dental care-related pain and discomfort, but also with the personality trait of neuroticism (i.e. the relatively stable disposition to experience the world as distressing, threatening and unsafe). However, there is a near absence of research on these risk factors in samples for which genetic information is available. With the aim of arriving at a more refined understanding of dental anxiety, this twin cohort study assessed genetic and environmental influences on neuroticism, dental care-related pain and dental anxiety, and the relation between these phenotypes.
METHODS
Participants were recruited from the Norwegian Twin Registry, and data collections were carried out in 1992-98 (Time 1) and 2011 (Time 2). Well-validated questionnaires were used to assess the study variables, including Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (Time 2) and Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (Time 1). Pearson correlation analysis and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to investigate phenotypic associations. Analyses of genetic and environmental influences were performed using Cholesky modelling.
RESULTS
A total of 746 monozygotic (MZ) and 770 dizygotic (DZ) twins in the age group of 50-65 participated in the study. Moderate estimates of heritability for dental anxiety (0.29), treatment-related pain (0.24) and neuroticism (0.45-0.54) were found. Cholesky modelling showed furthermore that neuroticism assessed at Time 1 and Time 2 was related to dental anxiety and pain via both genetic and individual-specific environmental pathways, albeit not very strongly. The particularly high phenotypic correlation observed between dental care-related pain and anxiety (r = .68) was explained by both overlapping genetic and individual-specific environmental influences (the genetic and environmental correlations were .84 and .63 respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings provide deeper insight into the aetiology of dental anxiety and confirm that while it is strongly linked to treatment-related pain experiences, this relation is to a considerable degree independent of general negative affectivity/neuroticism.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Neuroticism; Dental Anxiety; Cohort Studies; Pain; Personality
PubMed: 35633060
DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12763 -
Journal of Personality Feb 2024Personality changes are related to successfully performing adult occupational roles which require teamwork, duty, and managing stress. However, it is unclear how...
OBJECTIVE
Personality changes are related to successfully performing adult occupational roles which require teamwork, duty, and managing stress. However, it is unclear how personality development relates to specific job characteristics that vary across occupations.
METHOD
We investigated whether 151 objective job characteristics, derived from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), were associated with personality levels and changes in a 12-year longitudinal sample followed over the school to work transition. Using cross-validated regularized modeling, we combined two Icelandic longitudinal datasets (total N = 1054) and constructed an individual-level, aggregated job characteristics score that maximized prediction of personality levels at baseline and change over time.
RESULTS
The strongest association was found for level of openness (0.25), followed by conscientiousness (0.16) and extraversion (0.14). Overall, aggregated job characteristics had a stronger prediction for personality intercepts (0.14) than slopes (0.10). These results were subsequently replicated in a U.S. sample using levels of the Big Five as the dependent variable. This indicates that associations between job characteristics and personality are generalizable across life stages and nations.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that job titles are a valuable resource that can be linked to personality to better understand factors that influence psychological development. Further work is needed to document the prospective validity of job characteristics across a wider range of occupations and age.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Young Adult; Longitudinal Studies; Prospective Studies; Personality; Personality Development; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 37072929
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12836 -
Personality Disorders Sep 2023Establishing maladaptive personality traits at a younger age in a developmentally appropriate and clinically tangible way may alert clinicians to dysfunction earlier,...
Establishing maladaptive personality traits at a younger age in a developmentally appropriate and clinically tangible way may alert clinicians to dysfunction earlier, and thus reduce the risk of significant impairment later in life. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) provides a set of traits useful for organizing behavioral and experiential patterns central to daily personality functioning. The goal of the present study was to evaluate manifestations indicative of AMPD traits via ambulatory assessments in the daily lives of adolescent girls. Caregivers and girls ( = 129; age: = 12.27, = 0.80) provided baseline assessments of girls' trait vulnerabilities (negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism) and girls additionally completed a 16-day ecological momentary assessment protocol ( = 5,036 observations), rating social behaviors and experiences in their daily lives. Multilevel structural equation models revealed that trait vulnerabilities were linked to more extreme shifts in interpersonal experiences and behaviors from one moment to the next, suggesting that maladaptive personality traits were linked to greater variability. Furthermore, AMPD traits were positively and strongly related to negative affect in daily interpersonal situations. More specifically, girls' trait ratings were associated with elevated mean-levels of boredom, as well as interpersonal tension. Caregiver-reports complemented this perspective of dissatisfying social interactions, suggesting that especially detachment and antagonism accounted for lower levels of social connectedness and more variability in social activities in girls' daily lives. Results are discussed in terms of the short-term dynamics and related intervention targets of developmental personality pathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Caregivers; Self Report; Personality Disorders; Personality; Problem Behavior; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 37384492
DOI: 10.1037/per0000625 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Feb 2024Meta-analytic evidence shows that most personality traits tend to increase through early adulthood and middle age but decrease in late adulthood, whereas Emotional... (Review)
Review
Meta-analytic evidence shows that most personality traits tend to increase through early adulthood and middle age but decrease in late adulthood, whereas Emotional Stability continues to increase throughout late adulthood. We propose that these normative patterns of personality development can be explained by motivational theories of aging. Specifically, decreases in Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience may reflect a reduced capacity to control one's environment, whereas continued increases in Emotional Stability reflect increases in individual's ability to compensate and cope with age-graded losses. Pairing motivational theories of aging with longitudinal evidence in personality science provides an explanation for empirical patterns of personality trait development and raises interesting possibilities to promote healthy aging.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Adult; Personality Development; Personality; Emotions; Aging; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 38007918
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101731 -
MSystems Oct 2023Microbiology conferences can be powerful places to build collaborations and exchange ideas, but for queer and transgender (trans) scientists, they can also become...
Microbiology conferences can be powerful places to build collaborations and exchange ideas, but for queer and transgender (trans) scientists, they can also become sources of alienation and isolation. Many conference organizers would like to create welcoming and inclusive events but feel ill-equipped to make this vision a reality, and a historical lack of representation of queer and trans folks in microbiology means we rarely occupy these key leadership roles ourselves. Looking more broadly, queer and trans scientists are systematically marginalized across scientific fields, leading to disparities in career outcomes, professional networks, and opportunities, as well as the loss of unique scientific perspectives at all levels. For queer and trans folks with multiple, intersecting, marginalized identities, these barriers often become even more severe. Here, we draw from our experiences as early-career microbiologists to provide concrete, practical advice to help conference organizers across research communities design inclusive, safe, and welcoming conferences, where queer and trans scientists can flourish.
Topics: Humans; Transgender Persons; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Gender Identity; Transsexualism
PubMed: 37800938
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00433-23 -
Appetite Dec 2023Vegetarian and vegan diets have been increasing in the Western world. Recent research has focused on personality trait differences between dietary groups, in part... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Vegetarian and vegan diets have been increasing in the Western world. Recent research has focused on personality trait differences between dietary groups, in part because personality traits are broad characteristics that can integrate findings about different factors that motivate vegetarian or vegan diets. Previous research on personality predictors of vegetarian and vegan (veg*n) diet, however, has yielded inconsistent results. The goal of this study was to integrate the existing results of Big Five personality differences between veg*ns and omnivores as well as between vegetarians and vegans. To this end, we meta-analyzed data from 15 studies and N = 69,576 individuals from several countries. Results indicated that veg*ns were significantly higher in Openness (d = 0.40) and Agreeableness (d = 0.17) than omnivores, while vegans were significantly higher in Openness (d = 0.14) than vegetarians. This work isolates Openness and Agreeableness as important trait predictors of plant-based diets and sets the stage for future work on the factors that motivate vegetarian or vegan diet. Personality traits can provide an integrative framework for conceptualizing dietary preferences, be used to make predictions about the sources, course and correlates of dietary choices, and potentially be useful for advocates and policymakers seeking to tailor meat-reduction interventions.
Topics: Humans; Personality; Diet, Vegetarian; Vegetarians; Vegans; Diet, Vegan; Female; Adult; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Diet; Motivation; Food Preferences
PubMed: 37827200
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107085 -
Stress and Health : Journal of the... Apr 2024Personality traits are typically assumed to predict psychological distress, with little attention paid to the potential influence of psychological distress on...
Personality traits are typically assumed to predict psychological distress, with little attention paid to the potential influence of psychological distress on personality traits. Recent empirical findings, however, challenge this prevailing view by demonstrating the potential for personality traits to change and suggesting the plausible influence of chronic distress on these traits. This study aimed to examine the mutual within-person associations between psychological distress and the Big Five personality traits. The primary research question was whether a change in psychological distress is associated with a change in personality traits (and vice versa) after approximately 4 years. A nationally representative sample from Australia (N = 22,837), collected at four time points over 13 years, was used. The random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to partition variance into between-person and within-person components. Results showed that there was no temporal within-person association between openness and distress. Extraversion and conscientiousness were found to have bidirectional within-person relationships with distress, suggesting that increases in extraversion and conscientiousness are associated with decreases in distress over time and vice versa. Emotional stability and agreeableness showed unidirectional relationships with distress, with increased distress predicting decreased emotional stability and increased agreeableness predicting decreased distress. Therefore, except for openness, the other traits had at least one significant within-person link to psychological distress. These findings unveil a reciprocal longitudinal linkage between personality traits and psychological distress, highlighting the potential negative impact of prolonged psychological distress on the developmental trajectory of personality traits.
Topics: Humans; Personality; Emotions; Psychological Distress; Interpersonal Relations; Extraversion, Psychological
PubMed: 37616037
DOI: 10.1002/smi.3305 -
PloS One 2023Modelling the engaging behaviour of humans using multimodal data collected during human-robot interactions has attracted much research interest. Most methods that have...
Modelling the engaging behaviour of humans using multimodal data collected during human-robot interactions has attracted much research interest. Most methods that have been proposed previously predict engaging behaviour directly from multimodal features, and do not incorporate personality inferences or any theories of interpersonal behaviour in human-human interactions. This work investigates whether personality inferences and attributes from interpersonal theories of behaviour (like attitude and emotion) further augment the modelling of engaging behaviour. We present a novel pipeline to model engaging behaviour that incorporates the Big Five personality traits, the Interpersonal Circumplex (IPC), and the Triandis Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour (TIB). We extract first-person vision and physiological features from the MHHRI dataset and predict the Big Five personality traits using a Support Vector Machine. Subsequently, we empirically validate the advantage of incorporating personality in modelling engaging behaviour and present a novel method that effectively uses the IPC to obtain scores for a human's attitude and emotion from their Big Five traits. Finally, our results demonstrate that attitude and emotion are correlates of behaviour even in human-robot interactions, as suggested by the TIB for human-human interactions. Furthermore, incorporating the IPC and the Big Five traits helps generate behavioural inferences that supplement the engaging behaviour prediction, thus enriching the pipeline. Engagement modelling has a wide range of applications in domains like online learning platforms, assistive robotics, and intelligent conversational agents. Practitioners can also use this work in cognitive modelling and psychology to find more complex and subtle relations between humans' behaviour and personality traits, and discover new dynamics of the human psyche. The code will be made available at: https://github.com/soham-joshi/engagement-prediction-mhhri.
Topics: Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Robotics; Personality; Emotions; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 37939030
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285749 -
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2024Increasing evidence suggests that personality traits may be associated with ADHD and comorbid concerns. We investigated temperament and character traits associated with...
BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence suggests that personality traits may be associated with ADHD and comorbid concerns. We investigated temperament and character traits associated with internalizing and externalizing comorbidities in adolescents with or without ADHD.
METHODS
The population consisted of a subsample ( = 457) of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986) that comprised 16-year-old adolescents with and without symptoms of ADHD. ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities were assessed using the Kiddie-SADS-PL and temperament and character profiles were determined with TCI-125. Outcomes were examined using Pearson's chi-square test, Analyses of Covariance and Cohen's d.
RESULTS
The adolescents with ADHD endorsed more novelty seeking and less persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness than those without. Comparison of the personality traits and psychiatric comorbidities with the ADHD cases showed that comorbidities did not particularly affect the temperament and character profiles, but rather ADHD accounted for the differences between the personality traits. However, the temperament and character traits predicted externalizing and internalizing psychiatric disorders in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings reveal unique comorbidity-related temperament factors, which may have implications for adaptive and personalizing intervention efforts.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Temperament; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Character; Comorbidity; Finland; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 37772465
DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2262994