-
PloS One 2023Modelling the engaging behaviour of humans using multimodal data collected during human-robot interactions has attracted much research interest. Most methods that have...
Modelling the engaging behaviour of humans using multimodal data collected during human-robot interactions has attracted much research interest. Most methods that have been proposed previously predict engaging behaviour directly from multimodal features, and do not incorporate personality inferences or any theories of interpersonal behaviour in human-human interactions. This work investigates whether personality inferences and attributes from interpersonal theories of behaviour (like attitude and emotion) further augment the modelling of engaging behaviour. We present a novel pipeline to model engaging behaviour that incorporates the Big Five personality traits, the Interpersonal Circumplex (IPC), and the Triandis Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour (TIB). We extract first-person vision and physiological features from the MHHRI dataset and predict the Big Five personality traits using a Support Vector Machine. Subsequently, we empirically validate the advantage of incorporating personality in modelling engaging behaviour and present a novel method that effectively uses the IPC to obtain scores for a human's attitude and emotion from their Big Five traits. Finally, our results demonstrate that attitude and emotion are correlates of behaviour even in human-robot interactions, as suggested by the TIB for human-human interactions. Furthermore, incorporating the IPC and the Big Five traits helps generate behavioural inferences that supplement the engaging behaviour prediction, thus enriching the pipeline. Engagement modelling has a wide range of applications in domains like online learning platforms, assistive robotics, and intelligent conversational agents. Practitioners can also use this work in cognitive modelling and psychology to find more complex and subtle relations between humans' behaviour and personality traits, and discover new dynamics of the human psyche. The code will be made available at: https://github.com/soham-joshi/engagement-prediction-mhhri.
Topics: Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Robotics; Personality; Emotions; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 37939030
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285749 -
Journal of Personality Aug 2024Theory and anecdotal evidence suggest that people undergo psychological changes before and after religious conversion and deconversion. Yet, existing research provided...
OBJECTIVE
Theory and anecdotal evidence suggest that people undergo psychological changes before and after religious conversion and deconversion. Yet, existing research provided inconclusive evidence. Here, we examined psychological change before, during, and after institutional conversion and deconversion in a large-scale longitudinal study.
METHOD
We used 11-wave longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of Dutch adults (N ~ 20,000) to assess changes in religious beliefs and practices, personality traits, and well-being before, during, and after conversion to and deconversion from Christianity.
RESULTS
Converts (N = 181) increased in service attendance and prayer, but not in their belief in God, as they approached conversion. Deconverts (N = 450) declined in religious beliefs and practices before, during, and after deconversion. In terms of personality, converts displayed small, unexpected declines in emotional stability, extraversion, and agreeableness at time of conversion. Deconverts declined in agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness at time of deconversion. Neither group showed changes in their well-being.
CONCLUSION
The present findings suggest that psychological changes during religious conversion and deconversion are generally small and mostly manifest as changes in people's religious beliefs and practices. Findings are discussed in the context of person-religion fit, meaning-making, and sociocultural motive perspectives on religious change.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Personality; Longitudinal Studies; Religion and Psychology; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Young Adult; Aged; Christianity
PubMed: 37664880
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12881 -
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2024Increasing evidence suggests that personality traits may be associated with ADHD and comorbid concerns. We investigated temperament and character traits associated with...
BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence suggests that personality traits may be associated with ADHD and comorbid concerns. We investigated temperament and character traits associated with internalizing and externalizing comorbidities in adolescents with or without ADHD.
METHODS
The population consisted of a subsample ( = 457) of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986) that comprised 16-year-old adolescents with and without symptoms of ADHD. ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities were assessed using the Kiddie-SADS-PL and temperament and character profiles were determined with TCI-125. Outcomes were examined using Pearson's chi-square test, Analyses of Covariance and Cohen's d.
RESULTS
The adolescents with ADHD endorsed more novelty seeking and less persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness than those without. Comparison of the personality traits and psychiatric comorbidities with the ADHD cases showed that comorbidities did not particularly affect the temperament and character profiles, but rather ADHD accounted for the differences between the personality traits. However, the temperament and character traits predicted externalizing and internalizing psychiatric disorders in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings reveal unique comorbidity-related temperament factors, which may have implications for adaptive and personalizing intervention efforts.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Temperament; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Character; Comorbidity; Finland; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 37772465
DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2262994 -
Journal of Personality Feb 2024One large focus of personality psychology is to understand the biopsychosocial factors responsible for adult personality development and well-being change. However,...
OBJECTIVE
One large focus of personality psychology is to understand the biopsychosocial factors responsible for adult personality development and well-being change. However, little is known about how macro-level contextual factors, such as rurality-urbanicity, are related to personality development and well-being change.
METHOD
The present study uses data from two large longitudinal studies of U.S. Americans (MIDUS, HRS) to examine whether there are rural-urban differences in levels and changes in the Big Five personality traits and well-being (i.e., psychological well-being, and life satisfaction) in adulthood.
RESULTS
Multilevel models showed that Americans who lived in more rural areas tended to have lower levels of openness, conscientiousness, and psychological well-being, and higher levels of neuroticism. With the exception of psychological well-being (which replicated across MIDUS and HRS), rural-urban differences in personality traits were only evident in the HRS sample. The effect of neuroticism was fully robust to the inclusion of socio-demographic and social network covariates, but other effects were partially robust (i.e., conscientiousness and openness) or were not robust at all (i.e., psychological well-being). In both samples, there were no rural-urban differences in Big Five or well-being change.
CONCLUSIONS
We discuss the implications of these findings for personality and rural health research.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Personality; Neuroticism; Personality Disorders; Longitudinal Studies; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 36725776
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12818 -
The Journal of Applied Psychology Nov 2023Only recently, the question whether is a blessing or a curse for job performance has reached the agendas of industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology researchers....
Only recently, the question whether is a blessing or a curse for job performance has reached the agendas of industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology researchers. Yet, this limited stream of research resulted in inconsistent findings, and only little understanding exists about the role of rater source and mean-level personality in this relationship. Broadly following socioanalytic theory, the present study examined the extent to which self- and other-rated within-person personality variability predicts self- and other-rated job performance, and whether this is moderated by mean-level personality. Within-person personality variability indices and job performance evaluations were obtained from an experience sampling study including = 166 teachers, = 95 supervisors, and = 69 classes (including 1,354 students). Results showed that-above and beyond the effects of mean-level personality-self-rated within-person variability was positively associated with self-rated job performance, while other-rated within-person variability was negatively associated with other-ratings of performance. Many interactions with mean-level personality were found, mainly demonstrating effects of variability for those with a less adaptive personality profile (cf. variability as a "curse"), while showing effects of variability for those with a more adaptive trait profile (cf. variability as a "blessing"). Importantly, however, additional analyses provided little evidence for associations across type of rater source. These findings contribute to the field of I-O psychology by highlighting that perceptions of within-person personality may impact performance evaluations beyond personality , although its desirability seems to depend on individuals' personality trait level. Implications and limitations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Work Performance; Personality; Psychology, Industrial
PubMed: 37307362
DOI: 10.1037/apl0001101 -
Development and Psychopathology Oct 2023In this person-centered study, we identified different profiles of resilience and vulnerability in emerging adulthood in response to previously experienced stressful...
In this person-centered study, we identified different profiles of resilience and vulnerability in emerging adulthood in response to previously experienced stressful life events. Additionally, we examined whether mothers' and fathers' parenting and participants' personality traits in adolescence predicted these profiles. Data from the Flemish Study on Parenting, Personality, and Development ( = 346 families) were used. At T1 (2004; = 11 years), T2 (2007), and T3 (2009), mothers and fathers reported on their parenting and their child's personality. At T4 (2018; = 25 years), emerging adults retrospectively self-reported the occurrence and impact of 22 stressful life events and rated current behavior problems and subjective well-being. Latent profile analysis revealed three profiles: Competent (71%; low stress, low behavior problems, high subjective well-being), Vulnerable (21%; average stress, high behavior problems, low subjective well-being), and Resilient (9%; high stress, average behavior problems, average subjective well-being). Emerging adults in the Resilient profile had experienced higher levels of maternal positive parenting and were less emotionally stable and conscientious than those in the Competent profile. Furthermore, emerging adults in the Vulnerable profile were less emotionally stable than their peers in the Competent profile. These findings reveal new insights into the heterogeneous patterns of emerging adults' adaptation following stressful life events.
Topics: Adult; Female; Child; Humans; Adolescent; Male; Parenting; Retrospective Studies; Personality; Mothers; Personality Disorders; Fathers
PubMed: 35957570
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579422000578 -
BMC Public Health Sep 2023Sexual orientation refers to a person's enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attractions to other people. Sexual orientation measures do not typically consider...
BACKGROUND
Sexual orientation refers to a person's enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attractions to other people. Sexual orientation measures do not typically consider desires for, or sexual behavior with, transgender people. We describe measures inclusive of transgender people and characterize sexual orientation identity, behavior, and attraction in a representative sample of the U.S. transgender population.
METHODS
Between April 2016-December 2018, a U.S. national probability sample of transgender (n = 274) and cisgender (n = 1,162) adults were invited to complete a self-administered web or mailed paper survey. We assessed sexual identity with updated response options inclusive of recent identity terms (e.g., queer), and revised sexual behavior and attraction measures that included transgender people. Multiple response options were allowed for sexual behavior and attraction. Weighted descriptive statistics and sexual orientation differences by gender identity groups were estimated using age-adjusted comparisons.
RESULTS
Compared to the cisgender population, the transgender population was more likely to identify as a sexual minority and have heterogeneity in sexual orientation, behavior, and attraction. In the transgender population, the most frequently endorsed sexual orientation identities were "bisexual" (18.9%), "queer" (18.1%), and "straight" (17.6%). Sexually active transgender respondents reported diverse partners in the prior 5 years: 52.6% cisgender women (CW), 42.7% cisgender men (CM), 16.9% transgender women (TW), and 19.5% transgender men (TM); 27.7% did not have sex in the past 5 years. Overall, 73.6% were "somewhat"/ "very" attracted to CW, 58.3% CM, 56.8% TW, 52.4% TM, 59.9% genderqueer/nonbinary-females-at-birth, 51.9% genderqueer/nonbinary-males-at-birth. Sexual orientation identity, behavior, and attraction significantly differed by gender identity for TW, TM, and nonbinary participants (all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Inclusive measures of sexual orientation captured diverse sexual identities, partner genders, and desires. Future research is needed to cognitively test and validate these measures, especially with cisgender respondents, and to assess the relation of sexual orientation and health for transgender people.
Topics: Female; Adult; Humans; Male; Transgender Persons; Gender Identity; Sexual Behavior; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Bisexuality
PubMed: 37715161
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16654-z -
PloS One 2024Having a secure sense of belonging at school supports students' academic achievement and well-being. However, little research has examined how students' personalities...
Having a secure sense of belonging at school supports students' academic achievement and well-being. However, little research has examined how students' personalities relate to their feelings of school belonging. We address this gap in the literature by leveraging data from a large sample of first-year college students (N = 4,753) from a diverse set of North American colleges and universities (N = 12). We found that both extraversion and agreeableness were positively associated with belonging, while neuroticism was negatively associated with belonging. In an exploratory analysis, we examined differences between large and small schools. Students who were more extraverted, less neurotic, and less open were more likely to attend large schools. Additionally, the association between extraversion and belonging was stronger for students at large schools. These findings advance our understanding of who comes to feel like they belong at college and how school context may influence these relationships. We emphasize the need for continued research on the relationship between personality and belonging. Additionally, we highlight the implications of these results for higher education institutions.
Topics: Humans; Universities; Emotions; Personality; Schools; Students
PubMed: 38232053
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295436 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Feb 2024Suicidal behaviour is one of the main causes of death worldwide, especially among teenagers, and its development is potentially associated with the development of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Suicidal behaviour is one of the main causes of death worldwide, especially among teenagers, and its development is potentially associated with the development of personality. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to describe the association between the Big Five Personality Traits and suicidal behaviour in adolescents.
METHODS
Seven databases were systematically searched between June 2022 and July 2022 with no language or year restrictions. We searched for a combination of the following search items (suicid* OR suicidal behaviour OR suicidal ideation OR suicide attempts OR self injury OR self-destructive behaviour OR self-harm OR suicidal risk) AND (personality OR personality traits OR temperament OR neuroticism OR extraversion OR agreeableness OR openness to experience OR conscientiousness) AND (adolescents OR youth OR teenagers OR young adults). Meta-analysis procedures were performed using the R software. A random-effect-model was performed for the models through the incorporation of τ, based on the DerSimonion Lard method.
RESULTS
Seven studies met all inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Our meta-analysis showed that higher neuroticism are both associated and a risk factor for suicidal behaviour. Higher levels of openness to experience and agreeableness, and lower levels of extraversion and conscientiousness, were linked to suicidal behaviour, especially self-harm.
LIMITATIONS
Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, we were only able to perform meta-analysis regarding neuroticism.
CONCLUSION
The present study may help professionals to identify adolescents in higher risk for suicidal behaviour, enabling the development of early interventions to prevent suicidality in this population.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Suicidal Ideation; Personality; Suicide, Attempted; Neuroticism; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 37956831
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.002 -
Nursing Standard (Royal College of... Oct 2023Attending to one's personal hygiene is a private and ritualistic act that is linked to self-expression and is important for one's well-being and self-esteem. Providing...
Attending to one's personal hygiene is a private and ritualistic act that is linked to self-expression and is important for one's well-being and self-esteem. Providing effective support with personal hygiene to patients can demonstrate thoughtfulness and sensitivity to their individual needs. Nurses in all fields of nursing may encounter patients who identify as transgender, but many nurses have expressed concerns about their lack of knowledge and confidence in that area of care. This article discusses the use of gender-affirming language and the factors to consider when supporting transgender patients with their personal hygiene as part of personalised, equitable and inclusive nursing care.
Topics: Humans; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism; Self Concept; Surveys and Questionnaires; Hygiene; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 37599637
DOI: 10.7748/ns.2023.e12110