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Journal of Agromedicine Jan 2024Evidence suggests that farm workers represent a high-risk population for the development of depression. The aim of the study was to clarify the association between... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Evidence suggests that farm workers represent a high-risk population for the development of depression. The aim of the study was to clarify the association between pesticide exposure/poisoning and depression. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis were conducted in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Relevant studies were included through searching in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, CINAHL and pre-print services databases. A total of eight studies were included. A positive but non-significant association was observed between pesticide use and depression (OR = 1.123; 95% CI, 0.932-1.354, p-value = .221) while a significant positive association was observed between pesticide poisoning and depression (OR = 2.942; 95% CI, 1.791-4.831, p-value < .001). The present meta-analysis suggested clearly a significant positive association between pesticide poisoning and depression, confirming the hypothesis that pesticide poisoning is a risk factor of depression. It also revealed positive, yet non-significant association, between pesticide exposure and depression, a finding that enhances recent research but requires to be further supported by future cohort studies, including socioeconomic factors and biomarkers of depression.
Topics: Humans; Pesticides; Depression; Occupational Exposure; Agriculture; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 37937800
DOI: 10.1080/1059924X.2023.2278801 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jun 2024We examined the associations of self-reported exposures, and urinary metabolites related to household pesticide with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in older...
OBJECTIVES
We examined the associations of self-reported exposures, and urinary metabolites related to household pesticide with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in older adults based on the 2007 to 2014 waves of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
METHODS
Information on application and urinary metabolites related to household pesticide exposure were collected. We estimated the risks of household pesticide exposure, urinary metabolites with subsequent incident CVD death using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The indirect effects of urinary metabolites and effect modifications were examined.
RESULTS
The participants who reported exposure to household pesticide had a higher risk of incident CVD death (adjusted HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.81). Per 1-log10 increase in urinary N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) related to household insect repellents was associated with a higher risk of incident CVD death (adjusted HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.40). Urinary DEET explained 4.21% of the total association between household pesticide exposure and CVD death risk. The participants who persisted a low level of health diet exhibited pronounced CVD death risks with household pesticide exposures.
CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to household pesticide, especially household insect repellents, was consistently associated with an elevated CVD death risk in older adults. A heatlhy diet could partly attenuate the associations.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Male; Female; Aged; Prospective Studies; Environmental Exposure; Pesticides; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Insect Repellents; DEET; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38669923
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134316 -
Water Research May 2024Freshwater ecosystems face a particularly high risk of biodiversity loss compared to marine and terrestrial systems. The use of pesticides in agricultural fields is...
Freshwater ecosystems face a particularly high risk of biodiversity loss compared to marine and terrestrial systems. The use of pesticides in agricultural fields is recognized as a relevant stressor for freshwater environments, exerting a negative impact worldwide on the overall status and health of the freshwater communities. In the present work, part of the Horizon 2020 funded SPRINT project, the occurrence of 193 pesticide residues was investigated in 64 small water bodies of distinct typology (creeks, streams, channels, ditches, rivers, lakes, ponds and reservoirs), located in regions with high agricultural activity in 10 European countries and in Argentina. Mixtures of pesticide residues were detected in all water bodies (20, median; 8-40 min-max). Total pesticide levels found ranged between 6.89 and 5860 ng/L, highlighting herbicides as the dominant type of pesticides. Glyphosate was the compound with the highest median concentration followed by 2,4-D and MCPA, and in a lower degree by dimethomorph, fluopicolide, prothioconazole and metolachlor(-S). Argentina was the site with the highest total pesticide concentration in water bodies followed by The Netherlands, Portugal and France. One or more pesticides exceeded the threshold values established in the European Water Framework Directive for surface water in 9 out of 11 case study sites (CSS), and the total pesticide concentration surpassed the reference value of 500 ng/L in 8 CSS. Although only 5 % (bifenthrin, dieldrin, fipronil sulfone, permethrin, and terbutryn) of the individual pesticides denoted high risk (RQ > 1), the ratios estimated for pesticide mixtures suggested potential environmental risk in the aquatic compartment studied.
Topics: Pesticide Residues; Water; Ecosystem; Argentina; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring; Pesticides; Rivers
PubMed: 38484551
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121419 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2023The abundance and speciation of iron in farmland soils may affect the environmental fate of residual pesticides and their effects on soil N-cycling, which remains...
The abundance and speciation of iron in farmland soils may affect the environmental fate of residual pesticides and their effects on soil N-cycling, which remains unclear. Herein, the roles of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and iron oxidates (α-FeO, γ-FeO, and FeO) as exogenous iron in reducing the adverse effect of pesticide pollution on soil N-cycling were firstly studied. It was found that the iron-based nanomaterials, especially nZVI, effectively reduced the NO emission by 32.4-69.7 % at 5 g kg from pentachlorophenol (PCP, as a representative pesticide, 100 mg kg) contaminated paddy soil, and remarkable NO reduction (86.9 %) and PCP removal (60.9 %) were simultaneously achieved by applying 10 g kg nZVI. Moreover, nZVI significantly mitigated the PCP-induced soil NO-N accumulation and increased soil NH-N. Mechanistically, the nZVI restored the activities of nitrate- and NO- reductases and the abundances of NO-reducing microorganisms in the PCP-contaminated soil. Moreover, the nZVI suppressed NO-producing fungi while promoting soil bacteria (especially nosZ-II bacteria) to increase NO consumption in the soil. This study provides a strategy for adding iron-based nanomaterials to mitigate the adverse effects of pesticide residues on soil N-cycling and provides basic data for subsequent understanding of the effects of iron cycling in paddy soils on pesticide residues and N-cycling.
Topics: Iron; Pesticides; Pesticide Residues; Environmental Pollution; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37277037
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164613 -
Environmental Research Jan 2024Pesticides are extensively used agrochemicals across the world to control pest populations. However, irrational application of pesticides leads to contamination of... (Review)
Review
Pesticides are extensively used agrochemicals across the world to control pest populations. However, irrational application of pesticides leads to contamination of various components of the environment, like air, soil, water, and vegetation, all of which build up significant levels of pesticide residues. Further, these environmental contaminants fuel objectionable human toxicity and impose a greater risk to the ecosystem. Therefore, search of methodologies having potential to detect and degrade pesticides in different environmental media is currently receiving profound global attention. Beyond the conventional approaches, Artificial Intelligence (AI) coupled with machine learning and artificial neural networks are rapidly growing branches of science that enable quick data analysis and precise detection of pesticides in various environmental components. Interestingly, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated detection and degradation of pesticides could be linked to AI algorithms to achieve superior performance. NP-based sensors stand out for their operational simplicity as well as their high sensitivity and low detection limits when compared to conventional, time-consuming spectrophotometric assays. NPs coated with fluorophores or conjugated with antibody or enzyme-anchored sensors can be used through Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectrometry, fluorescence, or chemiluminescence methodologies for selective and more precise detection of pesticides. Moreover, NPs assist in the photocatalytic breakdown of various organic and inorganic pesticides. Here, AI models are ideal means to identify, classify, characterize, and even predict the data of pesticides obtained through NP sensors. The present study aims to discuss the environmental contamination and negative impacts of pesticides on the ecosystem. The article also elaborates the AI and NP-assisted approaches for detecting and degrading a wide range of pesticide residues in various environmental and agrecultural sources including fruits and vegetables. Finally, the prevailing limitations and future goals of AI-NP-assisted techniques have also been dissected.
Topics: Humans; Pesticides; Pesticide Residues; Artificial Intelligence; Ecosystem; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37977271
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117601 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jun 2024Finding highly active molecular scaffold structures is always the key research content of new pesticide discovery. In the research and development of new pesticides, the... (Review)
Review
Finding highly active molecular scaffold structures is always the key research content of new pesticide discovery. In the research and development of new pesticides, the discovery of new agricultural molecular scaffold structures and new targets still faces great challenges. In recent years, quinoline derivatives have developed rapidly in the discovery of new agriculturally active molecules, especially in the discovery of fungicides. The unique quinoline scaffold has many advantages in the discovery of new pesticides and can provide innovative and feasible solutions for the discovery of new pesticides. Therefore, we reviewed the use of quinoline derivatives and their analogues as molecular scaffolds in the discovery of new pesticides since 2000. We systematically summarized the agricultural biological activity of quinoline compounds and discussed the structure-activity relationship (SAR), physiological and biochemical properties, and mechanism of action of the active compounds, hoping to provide ideas and inspiration for the discovery of new pesticides.
Topics: Quinolines; Pesticides; Structure-Activity Relationship; Drug Discovery; Molecular Structure; Animals; Fungicides, Industrial; Humans
PubMed: 38775264
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01582 -
The American Journal of Forensic... Dec 2023In agrarian countries, several pesticides are used on a large scale to preserve grains. However, oftentimes, the very people using it are not aware of their harmful...
In agrarian countries, several pesticides are used on a large scale to preserve grains. However, oftentimes, the very people using it are not aware of their harmful effects. Some pesticides produce toxic gases, which can cause poisoning by inhalation. With no specific antidotes and limited data on the benefit of therapeutic interventions, such poisonings can lead to fatalities. This case report discusses the death of an apparently healthy, 6-year-old boy who presented with multiple episodes of vomiting and loose stools and was declared dead on arrival to the hospital. His other siblings and the parents also experienced similar symptoms but survived. Further investigation revealed that the family lived in a closed, poorly ventilated room adjacent to a granary where their landlord stored grains with pesticides for the purpose of preservation. However, during rainy season, moisture came into contact with the grains and toxic gases were released. The family was exposed to these gases through a small window in the living room, proving fatal to one member of the family. This article suggests that phosphine gas was liberated from an aluminum phosphide pesticide and emphasizes the need for improved knowledge, recognition, prevention, and management in such scenario.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Pesticides; Gas Poisoning; Diarrhea; Gases; Poisoning
PubMed: 37438888
DOI: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000855 -
Chemosphere Oct 2023The Ecuadorian Amazon has experienced a significant land use change due to the demographic increase and the expansion of the agricultural frontier. Such changes in land...
The Ecuadorian Amazon has experienced a significant land use change due to the demographic increase and the expansion of the agricultural frontier. Such changes in land use have been associated to water pollution problems, including the emission of untreated urban wastewater and pesticides. Here we provide the first report on the influence of urbanization and intensive agriculture expansion on water quality parameters, pesticide contamination and the ecological status of Amazonian freshwater ecosystems of Ecuador. We monitored 19 water quality parameters, 27 pesticides, and the macroinvertebrate community in 40 sampling locations of the Napo River basin (northern Ecuador), including a nature conservation reserve and sites in areas influenced by African palm oil production, corn production and urbanization. The ecological risks of pesticides were assessed using a probabilistic approach based on species sensitivity distributions. The results of our study show that urban areas and areas dominated by African palm oil production have a significant influence on water quality parameters, affecting macroinvertebrate communities and biomonitoring indices. Pesticide residues were detected in all sampling sites, with carbendazim, azoxystrobin, diazinon, propiconazole and imidacloprid showing the largest prevalence (>80% of the samples). We found a significant effect of land use on water pesticide contamination, with residues of organophosphate insecticides correlating with African palm oil production and some fungicides with urban areas. The pesticide risk assessment indicated organophosphate insecticides (ethion, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, profenofos and prothiophos) and imidacloprid as the compounds posing the largest ecotoxicological hazard, with pesticide mixtures potentially affecting up to 26-29% of aquatic species. Ecological risks of organophosphate insecticides were more likely to occur in rivers surrounded by African palm oil plantations, while imidacloprid risks were identified in corn crop areas as well as in natural areas. Future investigations are needed to clarify the sources of imidacloprid contamination and to assess its effects for Amazonian freshwater ecosystems.
Topics: Pesticides; Ecuador; Insecticides; Water Quality; Ecosystem; Palm Oil; Urbanization; Environmental Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Agriculture; Fresh Water; Rivers; Chlorpyrifos
PubMed: 37379974
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139286 -
Journal of Agromedicine Oct 2023Pesticide exposure via take-home pathways is a major health concern among farmers. However, little is known about the effects of pesticide take-home pathways on...
OBJECTIVE
Pesticide exposure via take-home pathways is a major health concern among farmers. However, little is known about the effects of pesticide take-home pathways on small-scale Hmong farmers in the Central Valley. This study explored factors that contribute to pesticide exposure via the take-home pathway among small-scale Hmong farmers in the Central Valley.
METHODS
Detailed ethnographic observations of small-scale farms and corresponding homes were coupled with in-depth qualitative interviews with Hmong farmers to assess the extent of the pesticide take-home pathway.
RESULTS
The study found daily challenges and numerous ways that pesticide particles may be introduced into farmers' homes. Given the paucity of research about Hmong farmers' pesticide take-home pathways, the study's findings advance the scholarship on pesticide exposures in the Hmong farmer community.
CONCLUSION
This study advocates for more culturally and linguistically appropriate pesticide exposure training and educational programs tailored to Hmong farmers in the United States.
Topics: Humans; Pesticides; Farmers; Agriculture; Occupational Exposure; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; California
PubMed: 37031353
DOI: 10.1080/1059924X.2023.2199001 -
The Science of the Total Environment Mar 2024Bees carry out vital ecosystem services by pollinating both wild and economically important crop plants. However, while performing this function, bee pollinators may... (Review)
Review
Bees carry out vital ecosystem services by pollinating both wild and economically important crop plants. However, while performing this function, bee pollinators may encounter potentially harmful xenobiotics in the environment such as pesticides (fungicides, herbicides and insecticides). Understanding the key factors that influence the toxicological outcomes of bee exposure to these chemicals, in isolation or combination, is essential to safeguard their health and the ecosystem services they provide. In this regard, recent work using toxicogenomic and phylogenetic approaches has begun to identify, at the molecular level, key determinants of pesticide sensitivity in bee pollinators. These include detoxification systems that convert pesticides to less toxic forms and key residues in insecticide target-sites that underlie species-specific insecticide selectivity. Here we review this emerging body of research and summarise the state of knowledge of the molecular determinants of pesticide sensitivity in bee pollinators. We identify gaps in our knowledge for future research and examine how an understanding of the genetic basis of bee sensitivity to pesticides can be leveraged to, a) predict and avoid negative bee-pesticide interactions and facilitate the future development of pest-selective bee-safe insecticides, and b) inform traditional effect assessment approaches in bee pesticide risk assessment and address issues of ecotoxicological concern.
Topics: Bees; Animals; Pesticides; Insecticides; Phylogeny; Ecosystem; Fungicides, Industrial
PubMed: 38246392
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170174