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Pest Management Science Jul 2024In pesticide research, bleaching herbicides have always been a hot topic. Our previous research showed that N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methoxybenzamide is an innovative lead...
BACKGROUND
In pesticide research, bleaching herbicides have always been a hot topic. Our previous research showed that N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methoxybenzamide is an innovative lead compound for bleaching herbicides.
RESULTS
A total of 40 derivatives of picolinamides were prepared and evaluated for their herbicidal activity by Petri dish tests and postemergence trials. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) revealed that introducing electron-withdrawing groups at the 3- or 4-positions of the benzyl significantly enhances herbicidal activity. Furthermore, ZI-04 induced similar symptoms such as bleaching effect in treated weeds and accumulation of biosynthetic precursors for carotenoids as observed with diflufenican. ZI-04 also exhibited significant cross-resistance to diflufenican and had a lower resistance risk than diflufenican.
CONCLUSION
N-benzyl-6-methylpicolinamides were discovered as a novel scaffold for bleaching herbicides. The accumulation of phytoene, phytofluene and ζ-Carotene in radish cotyledons, and cross-resistance observed with diflufenican, showed that title compounds can interfere with carotenoid biosynthesis. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Herbicides; Picolinic Acids; Structure-Activity Relationship; Plant Weeds; Amides
PubMed: 38363171
DOI: 10.1002/ps.8030 -
Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Jul 2023Cold plasma technology is a novel non-thermal technology that has shown promising results for food decontamination and improving food safety. This study is a...
Cold plasma technology is a novel non-thermal technology that has shown promising results for food decontamination and improving food safety. This study is a continuation of a previous investigation of the treatment of AFM-contaminated skim and whole milk samples by HVACP. Previous research has shown HVACP is effective in degrading aflatoxin M (AFM) in milk. The goal of this study is to identify the degradation products of AFM after HVACP treatment in pure water. An HVACP direct treatment at 90 kV using modified air (MA65: 65% O, 30% CO, 5% N) was performed for up to 5 min at room temperature on a 5.0 mL water sample in a Petri dish artificially contaminated with 2 μg/mL of AFM. The degradants of AFM were analyzed and their molecular formulae were elucidated by using high-performance liquid-chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS). Three main degradation products were observed and based on mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways, chemical structures for the degradation products were tentatively assigned. According to the structure-bioactivity relationship of AFM, the bioactivity of the AFM samples treated with HVACP was reduced due to the disappearance of the C8-C9 double bond in the furofuran ring in all of the degradation products.
Topics: Animals; Aflatoxin M1; Plasma Gases; Milk; Mass Spectrometry; Food Contamination; Water
PubMed: 37187228
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107160 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024Among nanoparticles (NPs), titanium dioxide is one of the most highly manufactured worldwide and widely used in multiple products for both industrial use and personal...
Among nanoparticles (NPs), titanium dioxide is one of the most highly manufactured worldwide and widely used in multiple products for both industrial use and personal care products. This increases the probability of release into aquatic environments, potentially affecting these ecosystems. The present study aimed to evaluate TiO P25 NP toxicity in zebrafish embryos and eleutheroembryos by evaluating LC, hatching rate, embryo development, and chemical analysis of the TiO concentration accumulated in eleutheroembryo tissues. Zebrafish embryos ~2 h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to 75, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/L TiO P25 NPs for 48 and 96 h. A total of 40-60 embryos were placed in each Petri dish for the respective treatments. Three replicates were used for each treatment group. Ti concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and a conversion factor was used to calculate the TiO concentrations in the tissues. The highest calculated concentrations of TiO in zebrafish larvae were 1.0199 mg/L after 48 h and 1.2679 mg/L after 96 h of exposure. The toxicological results indicated that these NPs did not have a significant effect on the mortality and hatching of zebrafish embryos but did have an effect on their development. LC and LC were determined experimentally, and LC and LC were estimated using four different methods. Up to 11% of embryos also presented physical malformations. These effects can be detrimental to a species and affect ecosystems. Physical malformations were observed in all treatments, indicating teratogenic effects.
PubMed: 38392747
DOI: 10.3390/nano14040373 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Nov 2023We report the use of acid-diffusion to assemble core-shell supramolecular gel beads with different low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) in the core and shell. These gel...
We report the use of acid-diffusion to assemble core-shell supramolecular gel beads with different low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) in the core and shell. These gel beads grow a shell of dibenzylidenesorbitol-based DBS-COOH onto a core comprising DBS-CONHNH and agarose that has been loaded with acetic acid. Diffusion of the acid from the core triggers shell assembly. The presence of DBS-CONHNH enables the gel core to be loaded with metal nanoparticles (NPs) as acyl hydrazide reduces metal salts . The pH-responsiveness of DBS-COOH allows responsive assembly of the shell with both temporal and spatial control. By fixing multiple gel beads in a Petri dish, the cores become linked to one another by the assembled DBS-COOH gel shell─a process we describe as diffusion-adhesion assembly. By controlling the geometry of the beads with respect to one another, it is possible to pattern the structures, and using a layer-by-layer approach, 3D objects can be fabricated. If some of the beads are loaded with basic DBS-carboxylate instead of CHCOOH, they act as a "sink" for diffusing protons, preventing DBS-COOH shell assembly in the close proximity. Those beads do not adhere to the remainder of the growing gel object and can be simply removed once diffusion-assembly is complete, acting as templates, and enabling the fabrication of 3D "imprinted" multigel architectures. Preloading the gel beads with AuNPs or AgNPs suspends these functional units within the cores at precisely defined locations within a wider gel object. In summary, this approach enables the dynamic fabrication of shaped and patterned gels with embedded metal NPs─such objects have potential next-generation applications in areas including soft nanoelectronics and regenerative medicine.
PubMed: 37885219
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07376 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Aug 2023To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of (chamomile) essential oil at 50 and 75% against ATCC 33277 and ATCC 25611 at 24 and 48 hours.
AIM
To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of (chamomile) essential oil at 50 and 75% against ATCC 33277 and ATCC 25611 at 24 and 48 hours.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The sample consisted of 80 discs and Mueller-Hinton Agar, the medium chosen for the culture. To determine the bacterial sensitivity, discs were placed in each Petri dish with concentrations of essential oil at 50 and 75%, distilled water and 0.12% chlorhexidine. Subsequently, the inhibition halos were measured in millimeters at 24 and 48 hours after culture, with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.
RESULTS
In groups treated with , measurements at 24 and 48 hours yielded 22.14 ± 2.61 and 22.63 ± 2.67 mm for 0.12% chlorhexidine, 18.90 ± 0.41 and 19.22 ± 0.54 mm for 75% essential oil, and 15.55 ± 0.45 and 15.77 ± 0.46 mm for 50% essential oil, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed among the groups ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
No significant differences were found between the antibacterial efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine and 50 and 75% essential oil of on and at 24 and 48 hours.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The study demonstrates that essential oil derived from may effectively combat bacteria associated with periodontal disease. This discovery has the potential to impact dental practice by introducing a natural treatment option. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the clinical significance and potential applications of this finding.
Topics: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Oils, Volatile; Matricaria; Prevotella intermedia; Chlorhexidine; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38193176
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3543 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2023Dairy products are loved by people because of their high nutritional value, but they have also become the most ideal breeding places for microorganisms. Some dairy...
Dairy products are loved by people because of their high nutritional value, but they have also become the most ideal breeding places for microorganisms. Some dairy packaging has the problem of lax sealing, resulting in products susceptible to contamination and deterioration. The harmful microorganisms and bacteria contained in them will pose a serious threat to people's health. Therefore, a good antibacterial protection is very important for dairy products. The purpose of this paper is to study the preparation and reverse recycling logistics of a new type of nano-filled antibacterial layer packaging film for dairy products. A new type of nano-filled antibacterial layer packaging film is prepared by extrusion casting method, and its mechanical properties and antibacterial properties are analyzed. The experimental results in this article show that the prepared new nano-filled antibacterial layer packaging film has lower light transmittance and water vapor transmission rate, and has obvious antibacterial properties against and , and has good barrier properties. The antibacterial rate of the bacteria in the petri dish is as high as 99.97% after being placed for 120 days, and the antibacterial performance can be enhanced by the ratio of glycerol and starch content, and the new nano-filled antibacterial film prepared is degradable Sex, can be better recycled.
PubMed: 38156023
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1302198 -
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = the... Sep 2023The use of artificial cyanobacteria crusts is one of the effective methods to prevention and control of desertification. Soil fine substance is one of the important...
The use of artificial cyanobacteria crusts is one of the effective methods to prevention and control of desertification. Soil fine substance is one of the important factors limiting the colonization and growth of artificial cyanobacteria crusts. We compared the growth of artificial cyanobacterial crusts with different fine substance contents by setting the volume ratios of fine substance to quicksand as 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 1:0. The results showed that the cover of artificial cyanobacteria crusts increased gradually with the increases of fine substance contents, while the contents of chlorophyll a and extracellular polysaccharide firstly increased and then decreased slightly. The optimum growth of artificial cyanobacterial crusts was achieved under the treatment of 4:1 ratio. Under such treatment after 60 days of incubation, artificial cyanobacteria crusts cover was 70%, and the contents of chlorophyll a, loosely bound exopolysaccharide (LB-EPS), tightly bound exopolysaccharide (TB-EPS), and glycocalyx exopolysaccharide (G-EPS) were 17.5, 70.0, 175.0, and 200.0 μg·cm, respectively. Increasing the amount of cyanobacteria under the condition of low fine substance content could promote the formation and growth of artificial cyanobacterial crusts (0.5 g of cyanobacteria per petri dish was the optimal). It could provide a new idea for the large-scale culture of artificial cyanobacterial crusts inoculum.
Topics: Chlorophyll A; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Cyanobacteria
PubMed: 37899105
DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202309.014 -
Plant Disease Apr 2024, native of Mexico (Reyes et al. 2011), holds economic importance as it is marketed as a potted plant and cut flower due to its drought-tolerant capabilities and...
, native of Mexico (Reyes et al. 2011), holds economic importance as it is marketed as a potted plant and cut flower due to its drought-tolerant capabilities and aesthetic appeal. In September 2023, a field sampling was conducted at the Research Center in Horticulture and Native Plants (18°55'56.6" N, 98°24'01.5" W) of UPAEP University. cv. Quilpalli plants with white mold symptoms were found in an area of 0.5 ha, with an incidence of 40% and severity of 50% on severely affected stems. The symptoms included chlorosis of older foliage, necrosis at the base of the stem, and soft rot with abundant white to gray mycelium and abundant production of irregular sclerotia resulting in wilted plants. The fungus was isolated from 30 symptomatic plants. Sclerotia were collected, sterilized in 3% NaOCl, rinsed with sterile distilled water (SDW), and plated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) with sterile forceps. Subsequently, a dissecting needle was used to place fragments of mycelium directly on PDA. Plates were incubated at 23 °C in darkness. A total of 30 isolates were obtained using the hyphal-tip method, one from each diseased plant (15 isolates from sclerotia and 15 from mycelium). After 6 days, colonies had fast-growing, dense, cottony-white aerial mycelium forming irregular sclerotia of 3.67 ± 1.13 mm (=100). Each Petri dish produced 32.47 ± 7.5 sclerotia (=30), after 12 days. The sclerotia were initially white and gradually turned black. The isolates were tentatively identified as based on morphological characteristics (Saharan and Mehta 2008). Two isolates were selected for molecular identification. Genomic DNA was extracted using the CTAB protocol. The ITS region and the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) gene were sequenced for two randomly selected isolates (White et al. 1990; Staats et al. 2005). The ITS and G3PDH sequences of the SsEg9 isolate were deposited in GenBank (ITS-OR816006; G3PDH-OR879212). BLAST analysis of the partial ITS (510 bp) and G3PDH (915 bp) sequences showed 100% and 99.78% similarity to S. sclerotiorum isolates (GenBank: MT101751 and MW082601). Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating 30 120-day-old cv. Quilpalli plants grown in pots with sterile soil. Ten sclerotia were deposited at the base of the stem, 10 mm below the soil surface. As control treatment, SDW was applied to 10 plants. The plants were placed in a greenhouse at 23 °C and 90% relative humidity. After 16 days, all inoculated plants displayed symptoms similar to those observed in the field. Control plants did not display any symptoms. The fungus was reisolated from the inoculated stems, fulfilling Koch's postulates. The pathogenicity tests were repeated three times. Recently has been reported causing white mold on cabbage in the state of Puebla, Mexico (Terrones-Salgado et al. 2023). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of causing white mold on in Mexico. Information about diseases affecting this plant is very limited, so this research is crucial for designing integrated management strategies and preventing spread to other production areas.
PubMed: 38568786
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-01-24-0196-PDN -
Cureus Jul 2023This investigation was carried out to evaluate the color stability of a nanocomposite restorative material and the erosive potential of carbonated soft drinks...
AIM
This investigation was carried out to evaluate the color stability of a nanocomposite restorative material and the erosive potential of carbonated soft drinks (Coca-Cola; The Coca-Cola Company, Atlanta, Georgia, United States) and packaged orange juice (Real Fruit Power Orange; Dabur Ltd, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India) on its surface micromorphology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty discs (2mm thick and 10mm diameter) of nanocomposite material (Herculite Précis; KaVo Kerr, Brea, California, United States) were prepared using a silicon cylindrical mold. Initially, all the specimens were stored in artificial saliva in five Petri dishes; 12 specimens in each dish. In the Petri dishes, the specimens were immersed in the respective beverages once or twice a day. Before and after each immersion, the specimens were stored in artificial saliva at room temperature. Artificial saliva was changed each day, i.e., every 24 hours. The whole procedure was carried out for three months and then evaluated for color stability using a spectrophotometer and surface micromorphology using a scanning electron microscope. Now, the exposure of specimens to aerated drinks (Coca-Cola) and packaged orange juice (Real Orange) was put to a halt, and specimens were kept continuously in artificial saliva. This procedure was carried out for one month and then evaluated for color stability. The information was analyzed using PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0 (Released 2009; SPSS Inc., Chicago, United States). A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
The p-value after three months, which is < 0.001 (p<0.05) indicates that the mean color difference values for groups I, II, III, IV, and V show a statistically significant change between the five groups, and similarly, the p-value after one month, which is < 0.001 (p<0.05) indicates that the mean color difference values for groups I, II, III, IV, and V show a statistically significant change between the five groups. Specimens immersed in the carbonated drink twice a day showed clinically more color change than packaged orange juice and artificial saliva on the composite restorative material. Coca-Cola, an aerated drink, was shown to have a higher erosive potential on the composite restorative material than Real Fruit Power Orange and fake saliva.
CONCLUSION
The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that repeated exposure to carbonated beverages (such as Coca-Cola and packaged juice) degrades the surface qualities of dental restorations.
PubMed: 37583717
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41905 -
Plant Disease Feb 2024The dragon fruit is native of Mexico, and Puebla is the third-largest producing state (SIAP 2023). In June 2023, field sampling was conducted in El Paraíso, Atlixco...
The dragon fruit is native of Mexico, and Puebla is the third-largest producing state (SIAP 2023). In June 2023, field sampling was conducted in El Paraíso, Atlixco (18° 49' 5.275" N, 98° 26' 52.353" W), Puebla, Mexico. The mean temperature and relative humidity were 20 °C and 75% for seven consecutive days. Dragon fruits cv. 'Delight' close to harvest with gray mold symptoms were found in a commercial area of 2 ha, with an incidence of 35 to 40% and an estimated severity of 75% on infected fruit. The symptoms included necrosis at the apex, which later spread throughout the fruit, along with a soft, black rot covered in abundant mycelium and sporulation. The fungus was isolated from 40 symptomatic fruits by disinfesting pieces of necrotic tissue with 3% NaClO for one minute, rinsing with sterile distilled water (SDW), plating on Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar, and incubating at 25 °C in the dark. One isolate was obtained from each diseased fruit by the hyphal-tip method. The colonies were initially white with a growth rate of 1.15-1.32 cm per day and turned gray after 10 days; the mycelium was dense and aerial. Spherical and irregular sclerotia were formed, measuring 0.9-1.4 × 0.6-1.1 mm (n = 100). Each Petri dish produced 56-278 sclerotia (n = 40) after 11 days; these were initially white and gradually turned dark brown. Brown to olive conidiophores were straight, septate, and branched, measuring 1075-1520 × 10-21 μm, with elliptical hyaline to light brown conidia of 6.6-11.5 × 5-8.1 μm (n=100). The isolates were tentatively identified as based on morphological characteristics (Ellis 1971). Two representative isolates were chosen for molecular identification and genomic DNA was extracted by the CTAB protocol. The ITS region and the heat shock protein (HSP60), RNA polymerase binding II (RPB2) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) genes were sequenced (White et al. 1990; Staats et al. 2005). The sequences of a representative isolate (BcPh5) were deposited in GenBank (ITS-OR582337; HSP60-OR636622; RPB2-OR636623; and G3PDH-OR636621). BLAST analysis of the partial sequences of ITS (479 bp), HSP60 (1006 bp), RPB2 (1126 bp), and G3PDH (907 bp) showed 100% similarity to . isolates (GenBank: KM840848, MH796663, MK919495, MF480679). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that BcPh5 clustered with . strains. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating the non-wounded surface of 20 detached dragon fruits cv. 'Delight' using the BcPh5 isolate by depositing 20 μl of a 10 conidia/ml suspension with a sterile syringe. The fruits were placed on the rim of a plastic container and inserted in a moisture box with 2 cm of water at the bottom. The box was covered with a plastic sheet to maintain humidity. Control fruits were inoculated with SDW. The inoculated fruits became covered with abundant white to gray mycelium, and soft rot developed within eight days, while no symptoms were observed on the controls. The fungus was re-isolated from the inoculated fruits as described above, fulfilling Koch's postulates. The pathogenicity tests were repeated three times. Gray mold caused by . was also recently reported in Mexico on pomegranate (Hernández et al. 2023) and rose apple (Isodoro et al. 2023). As far as we know, this is the first report of . causing gray mold on dragon fruit in Mexico. This research is essential for designing integrated management strategies against gray mold on dragon fruits.
PubMed: 38422435
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-11-23-2348-PDN