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Head & Neck Oct 2023The low positive predictive value (PPV) of early screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the problems that need to be solved urgently. The combination of... (Review)
Review
The low positive predictive value (PPV) of early screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the problems that need to be solved urgently. The combination of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation testing and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serological testing is the key to solve this problem. This paper reviews recent advances in early screening for NPC and cfDNA methylation, with future perspectives. Pubmed was searched for the literature related to early screening of NPC and cfDNA methylation in the past 5 years. The results of these studies were summarized. Despite these efforts, the PPV is still low (10%). Previous studies have shown that cfDNA methylation analysis has good specificity and accuracy across a variety of tumors. The combination of cfDNA methylation and EBV detection helps to improve the PPV for early screening of NPC. The combination of cfDNA methylation and EBV serological testing is key to addressing the low PPV of NPC early screening.
Topics: Humans; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Herpesvirus 4, Human; DNA, Viral; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids
PubMed: 37552128
DOI: 10.1002/hed.27466 -
Nature Communications Aug 2023Immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic targeted therapy has improved the treatment of certain solid tumors, but effective regimens remain elusive for refractory...
Camrelizumab combined with apatinib in patients with first-line platinum-resistant or PD-1 inhibitor resistant recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-arm, phase 2 trial.
Immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic targeted therapy has improved the treatment of certain solid tumors, but effective regimens remain elusive for refractory recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC). We conducted a phase 2 trial to evaluate the safety and activity of camrelizumab plus apatinib in platinum-resistant (cohort 1, NCT04547088) and PD-1 inhibitor resistant NPC (cohort 2, NCT04548271). Here we report on the primary outcome of objective response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints of safety, duration of response, disease control rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. The primary endpoint of ORR was met for cohort 1 (65%, 95% CI, 49.6-80.4, n = 40) and cohort 2 (34.3%; 95% CI, 17.0-51.8, n = 32). Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) were reported in 47 (65.3%) of 72 patients. Results of our predefined exploratory investigation of predictive biomarkers show: B cell markers are the most differentially expressed genes in the tumors of responders versus non-responders in cohort 1 and that tertiary lymphoid structure is associated with higher ORR; Angiogenesis gene expression signatures are strongly associated with ORR in cohort 2. Camrelizumab plus apatinib combination effectiveness is associated with high expression of PD-L1, VEGF Receptor 2 and B-cell-related genes signatures. Camrelizumab plus apatinib shows promising efficacy with a measurable safety profile in RM-NPC patients.
Topics: Humans; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Platinum; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
PubMed: 37580352
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40402-x -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Aug 2024Dysphagia is commonly associated with neurologic/neuromuscular disorders including prematurity, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, genetic disorders,... (Review)
Review
Dysphagia is commonly associated with neurologic/neuromuscular disorders including prematurity, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, genetic disorders, and neuromuscular diseases. This article aims to review the major categories of neurologic dysphagia, to outline specific findings and special considerations for each population, and to acknowledge the importance of integrating each patient's medical prognosis, goals of care, and developmental stage into a multidisciplinary treatment plan.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Prognosis; Cerebral Palsy; Neuromuscular Diseases
PubMed: 38664090
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2024.03.005 -
Revista de Gastroenterologia de Mexico... 2023
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38030418
DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2023.07.004 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Mar 2024There has been a subjective increase in the number of patients presenting for tonsil stones to our pediatric otolaryngology clinic. This may be related to frequent...
There has been a subjective increase in the number of patients presenting for tonsil stones to our pediatric otolaryngology clinic. This may be related to frequent viewing of videos on the social media application, TikTok, pertaining to tonsil stones.
Topics: Child; Humans; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillitis; Social Media; Pharyngeal Diseases
PubMed: 34569296
DOI: 10.1177/01455613211038340 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Aug 2024Pediatric dysphagia is a common condition encountered in clinical practice. We review the physiology and development of swallow, presentation, epidemiology, and etiology... (Review)
Review
Pediatric dysphagia is a common condition encountered in clinical practice. We review the physiology and development of swallow, presentation, epidemiology, and etiology of dysphagia. Additionally, comorbidities, associated conditions, and medical management of dysphagia are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Child; Deglutition; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38521722
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2024.02.010 -
Disease burden, risk factors, and trends of lip, oral cavity, pharyngeal cancers: A global analysis.Cancer Medicine Sep 2023Lip, oral and pharyngeal cancers make up a small percentage of total cancer cases worldwide and have reported lower rates of cancer-related deaths globally in 2020, but...
BACKGROUND
Lip, oral and pharyngeal cancers make up a small percentage of total cancer cases worldwide and have reported lower rates of cancer-related deaths globally in 2020, but their 5-year survival rate in either early or advanced stages is different. The study evaluated the global incidence, mortality, risk factors, and temporal trends by age, gender, and geographical locations of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancer.
METHODS
Incidence and mortality rates were extracted from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) volumes I-XI, the Nordic Cancer Registries (NORDCAN), the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, and the WHO IARC mortality database. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the Average Annual Percentage Change to examine trends.
RESULTS
The highest incidence rates were found in Melanesia and South-Central Asia and mortality rates were 8.2 and 7.5. Risk factors associated with incidence and mortality included HDI, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, poor diet, and chronic health conditions such as hypertension. Increasing trends of incidence and mortality were observed in females from Malta; males aged 50 and above from the United Kingdom, and females aged 50 and above from Slovakia reporting the largest increase.
CONCLUSIONS
Although global incidence and mortality trends reported an overall decrease, significant increases were found for older age groups and female subjects. Incidence increase may be due to the growing prevalence of lifestyle, metabolic risk factors, and HPV infections, especially in developed countries.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Lip; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Incidence; Cost of Illness; Registries; Global Health
PubMed: 37519070
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6391 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Combined Modality Therapy
PubMed: 38830354
DOI: 10.1055/a-2216-7575 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Aug 2024Swallowing problems in children can occur for a variety of reasons, and assessment varies based on the age of the child, underlying medical problems, and results of the... (Review)
Review
Swallowing problems in children can occur for a variety of reasons, and assessment varies based on the age of the child, underlying medical problems, and results of the clinical swallow evaluation. The need for interdisciplinary management with speech language pathologists skilled in the management of children with dysphagia is imperative to identify the components of swallowing that are impaired and provide specific recommendations for safe and adequate nutrition supporting growth, development, and oral feeding if possible. This study focuses on the types of assessment tools available and how and when they are utilized for children of different ages and abilities.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Child; Child, Preschool; Deglutition; Infant; Speech-Language Pathology
PubMed: 38485540
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2024.02.011 -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Dec 2023Dementia and its variants, including Alzheimer's disease, become more prevalent with age. Dysphagia, that is, difficulty swallowing, also occurs with aging, and is often... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Dementia and its variants, including Alzheimer's disease, become more prevalent with age. Dysphagia, that is, difficulty swallowing, also occurs with aging, and is often associated with dementia. Currently, there is no cure for dementia, and dysphagia, unrecognized or untreated, can have life-altering, even fatal consequences. Prolonged ability to eat safely and effectively could contribute to improved quality of life in a fragile population. In this review, difficulties associated with the management of dysphagia in individuals with dementia, as well as promising possibilities for continued investigation, will be discussed.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent reports point to unique problems related to understanding the comorbidities of dysphagia and dementia. These include delays in identifying dysphagia in affected individuals, as well as a lack of prevalence data for dysphagia in types and stages of dementia, or according to setting, for example, residential center, hospital. Emphasis on new tools, and new applications of existing tools, are needed.
SUMMARY
New evidence not only underscores complexities and shortcomings of our understanding of dysphagia in dementia but also points to existing applications with potential for improving the situation, and new investigational directions that may elaborate our further understanding of these comorbidities.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Dementia; Quality of Life; Alzheimer Disease; Aging
PubMed: 37548516
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000912