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La Revue Du Praticien Oct 2023MARSHALL SYNDROME. Marshall syndrome also known as PFAPA syndrome belongs to the group of autoinflammatory diseases. The acronym reflects the main clinical features of...
MARSHALL SYNDROME. Marshall syndrome also known as PFAPA syndrome belongs to the group of autoinflammatory diseases. The acronym reflects the main clinical features of the disease: periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis. It is the most common autoinflammatory disease, beginning between 1 and 5 years of age. There is little or no impact on growth, but the recurrence of febrile seizures can compromise the quality of life of patients. Clinical diagnosis meets positive and exclusion criteria. Putting it correctly allows a reassuring framework of care and avoids many unnecessary antibiotic treatments. Corticosteroid therapy is the reference treatment for the crisis. Tonsillectomy associated with adenoidectomy can be discussed but is not systematically recommended in this pathology, which is generally benign and most often heals spontaneously with age.
Topics: Humans; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Quality of Life; Cataract; Pharyngitis; Syndrome; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Osteochondrodysplasias; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Collagen Type XI
PubMed: 38354003
DOI: No ID Found -
Infectious Diseases Now Nov 2023Ear, nose and throat (ENT) or upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are the most common infections in children and the leading causes of antibiotic prescriptions. In... (Review)
Review
Ear, nose and throat (ENT) or upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are the most common infections in children and the leading causes of antibiotic prescriptions. In most cases, these infections are due to (or are triggered by) viruses and even when bacterial species are implicated, recovery is usually spontaneous. The first imperative is to refrain from prescribing antibiotics in a large number of URTIs: common cold, most cases of sore throat, laryngitis, congestive otitis, and otitis media with effusion. On the contrary, a decision to treat sore throats with antibiotics is based primarily on the positivity of the Group A Streptococcus (GAS) rapid antigen diagnostic tests. For ear infections, only (a) purulent acute otitis media in children under 2 years of age and (b) complicated or symptomatic forms of purulent acute otitis media (PAOM) in older children should be treated with antibiotics. Amoxicillin is the first-line treatment in the most cases of ambulatory ENT justifying antibiotics. Severe ENT infections (mastoiditis, epiglottitis, retro- and parapharyngeal abscesses, ethmoiditis) are therapeutic emergencies necessitating hospitalization and initial intravenous antibiotic therapy.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Anti-Infective Agents; Pharyngitis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Otitis Media
PubMed: 37730165
DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104785 -
JAAPA : Official Journal of the... Oct 2023Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is, as the name implies, characterized by an extremely regular cycle of fevers that is...
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is, as the name implies, characterized by an extremely regular cycle of fevers that is accompanied by one or more other symptoms such as oral ulcers, pharyngitis, adenitis, tonsillitis, sore throat, cervical adenopathy, and headache. Originally known as Marshall syndrome, PFAPA is most commonly identified in children younger than age 5 years; however, adults may also present with the disease, though they may report additional symptoms. PFAPA is now understood to be a diagnosis of exclusion. Laboratory studies are typically unremarkable except for increases in acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein. Treatment is primarily supportive and most frequently uses systemic steroids to suppress the inflammatory response. Acute flares are self-limited, and the syndrome typically resolves on its own as the child reaches age 7 or 8 years.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Lymphadenopathy; Lymphadenitis; Pharyngitis; Syndrome; Fever
PubMed: 37751263
DOI: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000977712.81696.b9 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Excessive activation of immune cells by environmental factors, such as infection or individual genetic risk, causes various autoimmune diseases. species are... (Review)
Review
Excessive activation of immune cells by environmental factors, such as infection or individual genetic risk, causes various autoimmune diseases. species are gram-positive bacteria that colonize the nasopharynx, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, and skin. Group A (GAS) species cause various symptoms, ranging from mild infections, such as tonsillitis and pharyngitis, to serious infections, such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The contribution of GAS infections to several autoimmune diseases, including acute rheumatic fever, vasculitis, and neuropsychiatric disorders, has been studied. In this review, we focus on the association between streptococcal infections and autoimmune diseases, and discuss current research on the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases.
Topics: Humans; Streptococcal Infections; Rheumatic Fever; Streptococcus pyogenes; Pharyngitis; Autoimmune Diseases
PubMed: 38464518
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361123 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Deglutition; Pharyngitis
PubMed: 38332261
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-023-3539-y -
Frontiers in Allergy 2023Urticaria is a common disease that can affect individuals of all age groups, with approximately one-quarter of the population experiencing it at least once in their... (Review)
Review
Urticaria is a common disease that can affect individuals of all age groups, with approximately one-quarter of the population experiencing it at least once in their lifetime. Lesions characterized by erythema and itchy hives can appear anywhere on the body. These can vary in size ranging from millimeters to centimeters, and typically clear within 24 h. About 40% of patients with urticaria have accompanying angioedema, which involves localized deep tissue swelling. Urticaria usually occurs spontaneously and is classified into acute and chronic forms, with the latter referring to a condition that lasts for more than 6 weeks. The prevalence of chronic urticaria in the general population ranges from 0.5% to 5%, and it can either be inducible or spontaneous. The most common form of pediatric urticaria is acute and is usually self-limiting. However, a broad differential diagnosis should be considered in children with urticaria, particularly if they also have accompanying systemic complaints. Differential diagnoses of pediatric urticaria include chronic spontaneous urticaria, chronic inducible urticaria, serum sickness-like reaction, urticarial vasculitis, and mast cell disorders. Conditions that can mimic urticaria, including but not limited to cryopyrinopathies, hyper IgD syndrome, Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis and Adenitis (PFAPA), Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPs), and Schnitzler syndrome should also be considered. The many faces of pediatric urticaria can be both easy and confusing. A pragmatic approach relies on clinical foresight and understanding the various forms of urticaria and their potential mimickers. This approach can pave the way for an accurate and optimized diagnostic approach in children with urticaria.
PubMed: 38026129
DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1267663