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Evidence-based Dentistry Dec 2023The following databases were searched for publications up to May 2020: Web of Science, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Medline and CINAHL. Additionally, previously published reviews... (Review)
Review
DATA SOURCES
The following databases were searched for publications up to May 2020: Web of Science, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Medline and CINAHL. Additionally, previously published reviews were hand searched.
STUDY SELECTION
Clinical studies conducted in English language were considered, encompassing cohorts of more than four vaping individuals who have encountered inadvertent side effects. Both adult and paediatric populations were included. In vitro, animal studies and systematic or literature reviews were excluded from the analysis.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two independent reviewers screened 1125 studies following deduplication. Two-hundred and eight full-text studies were assessed for eligibility.
RESULTS
Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Diverse study designs were included, comprising of cross-sectional, randomised controlled trials, case-control studies, cohort studies, case series investigations and non-randomised trials. Of note, four studies focused on paediatric patients. Most reported side effects were cough, throat and mouth irritation and intra-oral lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
While the direct side effects of e-cigarettes are well-documented, the long-term effects remain uncertain.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Otolaryngology; Pharynx; Vaping
PubMed: 37864016
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-023-00941-0 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Aug 2023Interest in reduced-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedules is growing, but data on their ability to provide direct and indirect protection are scarce. We... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy against pneumococcal carriage and the immunogenicity of reduced-dose (0 + 1 and 1 + 1) PCV10 and PCV13 schedules in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: a parallel, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Interest in reduced-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedules is growing, but data on their ability to provide direct and indirect protection are scarce. We evaluated 1 + 1 (at 2 months and 12 months) and 0 + 1 (at 12 months) schedules of PCV10 or PCV13 in a predominately unvaccinated population.
METHODS
In this parallel, single-blind, randomised controlled trial, healthy infants aged 2 months were recruited from birth records in three districts in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and assigned (4:4:4:4:9) to one of five groups: PCV10 at 12 months of age (0 + 1 PCV10), PCV13 at 12 months of age (0 + 1 PCV13), PCV10 at 2 months and 12 months of age (1 + 1 PCV10), PCV13 at 2 months and 12 months of age (1 + 1 PCV13), and unvaccinated control. Outcome assessors were masked to group allocation, and the infants' caregivers and those administering vaccines were not. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months were analysed for pneumococcal carriage. Blood samples collected from a subset of participants (200 per group) at various timepoints were analysed by ELISA and opsonophagocytic assay. The primary outcome was the efficacy of each schedule against vaccine-type carriage at 24 months, analysed by intention to treat for all those with a nasopharyngeal swab available. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03098628.
FINDINGS
2501 infants were enrolled between March 8, 2017, and July 24, 2018 and randomly assigned to study groups (400 to 0 + 1 PCV10, 400 to 0 + 1 PCV13, 402 to 1 + 1 PCV10, 401 to 1 + 1 PCV13, and 898 to control). Analysis of the primary endpoint included 341 participants for 0 + 1 PCV10, 356 0 + 1 PCV13, 358 1 + 1 PCV10, 350 1 + 1 PCV13, and 758 control. At 24 months, a 1 + 1 PCV10 schedule reduced PCV10-type carriage by 58% (95% CI 25 to 77), a 1 + 1 PCV13 schedule reduced PCV13-type carriage by 65% (42 to 79), a 0 + 1 PCV10 schedule reduced PCV10-type carriage by 53% (17 to 73), and a 0 + 1 PCV13 schedule non-significantly reduced PCV13-type carriage by 25% (-7 to 48) compared with the unvaccinated control group. Reactogenicity and serious adverse events were similar across groups.
INTERPRETATION
A 1 + 1 PCV schedule greatly reduces vaccine-type carriage and is likely to generate substantial herd protection and provide some degree of individual protection during the first year of life. Such a schedule is suitable for mature PCV programmes or for introduction in conjunction with a comprehensive catch-up campaign, and potentially could be most effective given as a mixed regimen (PCV10 then PCV13). A 0 + 1 PCV schedule has some effect on carriage along with a reasonable immune response and could be considered for use in humanitarian crises or remote settings.
FUNDING
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
TRANSLATION
For the Vietnamese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Pneumococcal Infections; Vietnam; Single-Blind Method; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Vaccines, Conjugate; Nasopharynx
PubMed: 37062304
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00061-0 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2023Little is known about alternation and difference in gut microbiota between patients with mild and severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). We investigated the...
Little is known about alternation and difference in gut microbiota between patients with mild and severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). We investigated the differences in gut and oropharynx microbiota between mild and severe HFMD in young children and changes in bacterial profiles as the disease progresses from acute to convalescent phase. Forty-two patients with confirmed HFMD were studied, among which 32 had severe HFMD and 10 had mild HFMD. First rectal swabs were collected from all patients at an average of 2 days (acute phase) after the onset of symptoms, and second rectal swabs were collected from 8 severe patients at day 9 (convalescent phase) after the onset. Oropharyngeal swabs were obtained from 10 patients in the acute phase and 6 in the convalescent phase. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for all 70 samples. Compared with mild HFMD, severe HFMD exhibited significantly decreased diversity and richness of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota bacterial profiles observed in the acute and convalescent phases resembled each other but differed from those in mild cases. Additionally, 50% of patients with severe HFMD in the acute phase harboured a dominant pathobiontic bacterial genus. However, none of the patients with mild HFMD had such bacteria. Similar bacterial compositions in oropharynx microbiota were detected between mild and severe cases. Our findings indicate that severe HFMD exhibits significantly impaired diversity of gut microbiota and frequent gut and oropharyngeal inflammation-inducing bacteria. However, the results should be interpreted with caution as the number of subjects was limited.
Topics: Humans; Child; Infant; Child, Preschool; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Inflammation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bacteria; Oropharynx; China
PubMed: 36927539
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2192819 -
The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and... Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Otolaryngology; Nose; Pharynx; Information Dissemination
PubMed: 37287188
DOI: 10.1177/00034894231179518 -
PloS One 2023Sustained pharyngeal inflation (SPI) with pharyngeal oxygen flow and nasal closure (PhO2-NC) technique create positive inflation pressure in the airway. This study...
Sustained pharyngeal inflation (SPI) with pharyngeal oxygen flow and nasal closure (PhO2-NC) technique create positive inflation pressure in the airway. This study measured the peak inflation pressure (PIP) levels and image changes with SPI-assisted flexible bronchoscopy (SPI-FB) and compared the effects in the pharyngeal space and mid-tracheal lumen. This prospective study enrolled 20 participants aged 6 months to 3 years. Each participant underwent sequential SPI-FB of four different durations (0, 1s, 3s, and 5s) for three cycles. We used a 3.8 mm OD flexible bronchoscope to measure and analyze PIP levels, images, and lumen dimension scores. A total of 480 data were collected. The mean (SD) age and body weight were 12.0 (11.5) months and 7.8 (7.5) kg, respectively. The mean (IQR) PIPs were 4.2 (2.0), 18.5 (6.1), 30.6 (13.5), and 46.1 (25.0) cmH2O in the pharynx and 5.0 (1.6), 17.5 (6.5), 28.0 (12.3), 46.0 (28.5) cmH2O in the mid-trachea at SPI durations of 0, 1s, 3s, and 5s, respectively. The PIP levels had a positive correlation (p <0.001) with different SPI durations in both pharynx and trachea, and were nearly identical (p = 0.695, 0.787, and 0.725 at 1s, 3s, and 5s, respectively) at the same duration except the 0 s (p = 0.015). Lumen dimension scores also significantly increased with increasing SPI durations (p <0.05) in both locations. The identified lesions significantly increased as PIP levels increased (p <0.001). Conclusion: SPI-FB using PhO2-NC with durations up to 3s is safe and informative technique that provides controllable PIP, dilates airway lumens, and benefits lesion detection in the pharyngeal space and mid-tracheal lumen.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Pharynx; Bronchoscopy; Prospective Studies; Trachea; Oxygen
PubMed: 37992011
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294029 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Dec 2023The article studies the geographical features of the incidence of hypopharynx cancer (HPC) in Kazakhstan.
OBJECTIVE
The article studies the geographical features of the incidence of hypopharynx cancer (HPC) in Kazakhstan.
METHODS
The retrospective study was done for the period 2017-2021. Descriptive and analytical methods of ecoepidemiology were used. Crude (CR), age-specific (ASIR), age-standardized (ASR), equalized incidence rates and approximation were calculated. The dynamics of indicators was investigated using component analysis according to methodological recommendations. The method of drawing up a cartogram based on the determination of the standard deviation (σ) from the mean (x) was applied.
RESULT
During the study period, 814 new cases of HPC were registered. The incidence rate decreased from 0.898 (2017) to 0.895 in 2021 and the overall decline was 0.003 per 100,000 population, including due to the age structure - ∑ΔA=+0.04, due to the risk of acquiring illness - ∑ΔR=-0.05 and their combined effect - ∑ΔRA=+0.01. The component analysis revealed that the increase in the number of patients with HPC was mainly due to the growth of the population (ΔP=+37.0%), changes in its age structure (ΔA=+106.1%) and changes associated with the risk of acquiring illness (ΔR=-133.4%). The cartograms were allocated according to the following criteria: low - up to 0.730/0000, average - from 0.73 to 1.180/0000, high - above 1.180/0000. The results of the spatial assessment showed the highest levels of HPC incidence in following regions: Atyrau (1.960/0000) and West Kazakhstan (1.580/0000).
CONCLUSION
Thus, this is the first epidemiological study of HPC, which assessed the role of the influence of various factors, including demographic and risk of acquiring illness, on the dynamics of incidence, taking into account gender differences and geographical variability.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Kazakhstan; Retrospective Studies; Hypopharynx; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38156836
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.12.4043 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Jan 2024According to modern epidemiological surveys, the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy in children and adolescents ranges from 42% to 70%. Adenoid hypertrophy can lead to... (Review)
Review
According to modern epidemiological surveys, the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy in children and adolescents ranges from 42% to 70%. Adenoid hypertrophy can lead to airway obstruction; thus forces a child to breathe through their mouth, thus affecting the normal development of the dental and maxillofacial area, and can lead to malocclusion. Long-term mouth breathing can cause sagittal, vertical and lateral changes in the maxillofacial area. In this article, we review the current research status relating to the association between adenoid hypertrophy, oral breathing and maxillofacial growth and development in children and adolescents. We also discuss the personalized formulation of treatment plans.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Adenoids; Malocclusion; Hypertrophy; Airway Obstruction; Mouth Breathing; Maxillofacial Development
PubMed: 38239150
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.001 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie May 2024
Topics: Humans; Diagnosis, Differential; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Hypopharynx; Laryngoscopy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Aged
PubMed: 38697085
DOI: 10.1055/a-2287-8335 -
Acta Oto-laryngologica 2023The relationship between Secretory Otitis Media (SOM) and Laryngopharygeal Reflux (LPR) hasn't been well investigated in adult. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The relationship between Secretory Otitis Media (SOM) and Laryngopharygeal Reflux (LPR) hasn't been well investigated in adult.
PURPOSE
To study the involvement of LPR- in adult SOM.
METHODS
We analyzed 60 adult SOM patients who were admitted to Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China from January 2022 to October 2022. First, we instructed the patients to fill Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) form and Reflux Finding Score (RFS). Second, Dx-ph monitor was used to monitor patients' oropharyngeal PH for 24 h. Finally, we obtained Ryan index based on the characteristics of reflux events in different body postures. In addition, all patients were evaluated by the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7).
RESULTS
The positive rate of RSI and/or RFS scale was 73.33% (44/60) in 60 SOM patients. The positive rate of Ryan index was 76.67% (46/60), and the index was the highest in upright position in 60 SOM patients. The positive rate of ETDQ-7 was 100% (46/46) in 46 SOM patients with LPR.
CONCLUSION
LPR may be involved in SOM in adults by impairing the function of the eustachian tube.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux; Otitis Media with Effusion; Pharynx; China
PubMed: 38240113
DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2024.2302317 -
Anales de Pediatria Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Palatine Tonsil; Lymphangioma
PubMed: 37798221
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.09.010