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Biometals : An International Journal on... Oct 2023Bacillus toyonensis SFC 500-1E is a member of the consortium SFC 500-1 able to remove Cr(VI) and simultaneously tolerate high phenol concentrations. In order to... (Review)
Review
Bacillus toyonensis SFC 500-1E is a member of the consortium SFC 500-1 able to remove Cr(VI) and simultaneously tolerate high phenol concentrations. In order to elucidate mechanisms utilized by this strain during the bioremediation process, the differential expression pattern of proteins was analyzed when it grew with or without Cr(VI) (10 mg/L) and Cr(VI) + phenol (10 and 300 mg/L), through two complementary proteomic approaches: gel-based (Gel-LC) and gel-free (shotgun) nanoUHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A total of 400 differentially expressed proteins were identified, out of which 152 proteins were down-regulated under Cr(VI) and 205 up-regulated in the presence of Cr(VI) + phenol, suggesting the extra effort made by the strain to adapt itself and keep growing when phenol was also added. The major metabolic pathways affected include carbohydrate and energetic metabolism, followed by lipid and amino acid metabolism. Particularly interesting were also ABC transporters and the iron-siderophore transporter as well as transcriptional regulators that can bind metals. Stress-associated global response involving the expression of thioredoxins, SOS response, and chaperones appears to be crucial for the survival of this strain under treatment with both contaminants. This research not only provided a deeper understanding of B. toyonensis SFC 500-1E metabolic role in Cr(VI) and phenol bioremediation process but also allowed us to complete an overview of the consortium SFC 500-1 behavior. This may contribute to an improvement in its use as a bioremediation strategy and also provides a baseline for further research.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Chromium; Phenol; Phenols; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 37209221
DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00506-9 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2023is used as a medicinal herb in many countries. In this study, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were used as solvents in the extraction of...
is used as a medicinal herb in many countries. In this study, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were used as solvents in the extraction of fruits. The contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, total tannins and condensed tannins as well as the biological activities of these extracts were investigated using various and assays. Results showed that all solvent extracts of had no anticancer activity against cancerous (A-549 and DLD-1) and non-cancerous (WS-1) human cells. Methanol and ethyl acetate were the most effective solvent for extraction of phenolic compounds and also exhibited the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The methanol extract of fruits was the richest in phenolic compounds with the predominance of ferulic acid, catechin and narengin. These results supported the use of fruit as natural source of bioactive compound for pharmaceutical applications.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Methanol; Fruit; Lycium; Plant Extracts; Solvents; Phytochemicals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Phenols
PubMed: 36001896
DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2115469 -
Food Chemistry Dec 2023Olive leaf was characterized by a high content of phenols and flavonoids (oleuropein, luteolin, and their derivatives), presenting functional and health-related...
Olive leaf was characterized by a high content of phenols and flavonoids (oleuropein, luteolin, and their derivatives), presenting functional and health-related properties. The chemical instability of phenolics through technological processes and their degradation in the digestive system may negatively impact them, leading to lower absorption. This study evaluates the phenolic profile of micro- and nano-encapsulated olive leaf extract in biscuits during the INFOGEST static in vitro digestion, aiming to enhance stability and sensorial properties. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and chromatography characterized the extract, while spray drying (maltodextrin-glucose) and nano-encapsulation (maltodextrin, whey protein isolate, and arabic gum) techniques were used with specific solutions. Encapsulated formulations underwent microscopy (TEM, SEM) and encapsulation efficiency analysis. Micro- and nano-encapsulation improved biscuit functionality by enhancing phenolic stability during digestion. However, the highest concentration adversely affected sensory and textural parameters. These findings contribute to developing functional food products enriched with bioactive compounds, providing improved health benefits while maintaining sensory attributes.
Topics: Phenols; Plant Extracts; Olea; Digestion
PubMed: 37421669
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136778 -
Journal of Natural Products Jul 2023Discovery and structure elucidation of natural products available in infinitesimally small quantities are recognized challenge. This challenge is epitomized by the...
Discovery and structure elucidation of natural products available in infinitesimally small quantities are recognized challenge. This challenge is epitomized by the diphenazine class of molecules that contain three bridged stereocenters, several conformations, ring fusions, and multiple spatially isolated phenols. Because empirical NMR and spatial analyses using ROESY/NOESY were unsuccessful in tackling these challenges, we developed a computational pipeline to determine the relative and absolute configurations and phenol positions of diphenazines as inhibitors of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) protein-protein interactions. In this pipeline, we incorporated ECD and GIAO NMR calculations coupled with a DP4+ probability measure, enabling the structure revision of phenazinolin D (), izumiphenazine A (), and baraphenazine G () and the structure characterization of two new diphenazines, baraphenazine H () and izumiphenazine E (6). Importantly, through these efforts, we demonstrate the feasibility of NMR/DP4+ analysis for the determination of phenol positions in phenazine-based molecules, further expanding the limits of computational methods for the structure elucidation of complex natural products.
Topics: Biological Products; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Phenol; Phenazines
PubMed: 37463274
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00306 -
Journal of Asian Natural Products... Aug 2024Phenolics produced during xylooligosaccharide production might inhibit xylanases and enhance the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of XOS. The effects of phenolic... (Review)
Review
Phenolics produced during xylooligosaccharide production might inhibit xylanases and enhance the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of XOS. The effects of phenolic compounds on xylanases may depend on the type and concentration of the compound, the plant biomass used, and the enzyme used. Understanding the effects of phenolic compounds on xylanases and their impact on XOS is critical for developing viable bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to XOS. Understanding the complex relationship between phenolic compounds and xylanases can lead to the development of strategies that improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of XOS manufacturing processes and optimise enzyme performance.
Topics: Oligosaccharides; Glucuronates; Phenols; Prebiotics; Molecular Structure; Antioxidants; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases
PubMed: 38594834
DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2328723 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The study aimed to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of five protein supplements of plant origin. The content and profile of phenolics were...
The study aimed to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of five protein supplements of plant origin. The content and profile of phenolics were determined using the UHPLC-DAD-MS method, while antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH assays) and total phenolic content (TPC) were evaluated using spectrophotometric tests. In the analyzed proteins, twenty-five polyphenols were detected, including eleven phenolic acids, thirteen flavonoids, and one ellagitannin. Hemp protein revealed the highest individual phenolics content and TPC value (1620 μg/g and 1.79 mg GAE/g, respectively). Also, hemp protein showed the highest antioxidant activity determined via ABTS (9.37 μmol TE/g) and DPPH (9.01 μmol TE/g) assays. The contents of -coumaric acid, -coumaric acid, kaempferol, rutin, isorhamnetin-3--rutinoside, kaempferol-3--rutinoside, and TPC value were significantly correlated with antioxidant activity assays. Our findings indicate that plant-based protein supplements are a valuable source of phenols and can also be used in research related to precision medicine, nutrigenetics, and nutrigenomics. This will benefit future health promotion and personalized nutrition in the prevention of chronic diseases.
Topics: Antioxidants; Phenols; Dietary Supplements; Flavonoids; Plant Proteins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Polyphenols; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38731592
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092101 -
Journal of Environmental Management Feb 2024Phenolic compounds are one of the main contributors to water source contamination worldwide. In this review, the data collected on Elsevier, Scopus, and Pubmed,... (Review)
Review
Phenolic compounds are one of the main contributors to water source contamination worldwide. In this review, the data collected on Elsevier, Scopus, and Pubmed, considering papers published between 2000 and 2023, showed more than 60 different phenols have been identified in water matrix (<0.065-179,000,000 ng L). The highest concentration reported was in surface water canals in India. The most recurrent and studied compound was bisphenol A (n = 93) in concentrations ranging from 0.45 to 2,970,000 ng L. The solid phase extraction (HBL Oasis cartridge) and methanol as solvent was the method of pre-concentration most used followed by gas chromatography for the determination of phenols in water samples. The importance of drinking water guidelines incorporating more phenolic compounds was emphasized given the variety of these compounds quantified in water matrix. The human health risk assessment (HRA) was performed for the min-max concentrations of the pollutants reported in the literature. High HRA even at the lowest concentrations for 2-nitrophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, 3,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol was recognized. The cancer risk estimated was considered possible for 3-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol in the highest concentrations. The in-depth discussion of mechanisms, advantages, challenges, and carbon footprint of membrane technologies in water treatment and phenols retention demonstrated the great potential and trends for the production of safe drinking water, highlighting reverse osmosis, as a mature technology, and membrane distillation, as an emergent technology.
Topics: Humans; Drinking Water; 2,4-Dinitrophenol; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Phenols; Technology
PubMed: 38147771
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119772 -
PloS One 2023The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in global shortages in supplies for diagnostic tests, especially in the developing world. Risk factors for...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in global shortages in supplies for diagnostic tests, especially in the developing world. Risk factors for COVID-19 severity include pre-existing comorbidities, older age and male sex, but other variables are likely play a role in disease outcome. There is indeed increasing evidence that supports the role of host genetics in the predisposition to COVID-19 outcomes. The identification of genetic factors associated with the course of SARS-CoV-2 infections relies on DNA extraction methods. This study compared three DNA extraction methods (Chelex®100 resin, phenol-chloroform and the QIAamp DNA extraction kit) for COVID-19 host genetic studies using nasopharyngeal samples from patients. The methods were compared regarding number of required steps for execution, sample handling time, quality and quantity of the extracted material and application in genetic studies. The Chelex®100 method was found to be cheapest (33 and 13 times cheaper than the commercial kit and phenol-chloroform, respectively), give the highest DNA yield (306 and 69 times higher than the commercial kit and phenol-chloroform, respectively), with the least handling steps while providing adequate DNA quality for downstream applications. Together, our results show that the Chelex®100 resin is an inexpensive, safe, simple, fast, and suitable method for DNA extraction of nasopharyngeal samples from COVID-19 patients for genetics studies. This is particularly relevant in developing countries where cost and handling are critical steps in material processing.
Topics: Humans; Male; Chloroform; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; DNA; Phenol; Phenols
PubMed: 37903126
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287551 -
Viruses Nov 2023This study aimed to validate the use of liquid phenol-based chemical peeling therapy for cervical and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN and VaIN, respectively),...
This study aimed to validate the use of liquid phenol-based chemical peeling therapy for cervical and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN and VaIN, respectively), with the goal of circumventing obstetric complications associated with surgical treatment and to determine the factors associated with treatment resistance. A total of 483 eligible women diagnosed with CIN, VaIN, or both, participated in this study. Participants underwent phenol-based chemical peeling therapy every 4 weeks until disease clearance. Disease clearance was determined by negative Pap tests for four consecutive weeks or by colposcopy. HPV genotyping was conducted at the onset of the study and after disease clearance in select cases. Our preliminary analysis compared the recurrence and persistence rates between 294 individuals who received phenol-based chemical peeling therapy and 189 untreated patients. At 2 years following diagnosis, persistent disease was observed in 18%, 60%, and 88% of untreated patients with CIN1-3, respectively, and <2% of patients with CIN who received phenol-based chemical peeling therapy. Among 483 participants, 10 immune-suppressed patients required multiple treatments to achieve disease clearance, and 7 were diagnosed with cervical cancer. Of the 466 participants, except those with cancer or immune suppression, the number of treatment sessions until CIN/VaIN clearance ranged from 2 to 42 (average: 9.2 sessions). In total, 43 participants (9.2%) underwent surgical treatment. Six patients (1.3%) experienced recurrence of CIN2 or worse, suggesting that treatment failed in 46 patients (9.9%). No obstetrical complications were noted among the 98 pregnancies following this therapy. Factors associated with resistance to this therapy include immune suppression, ages 35-39 years, higher-grade lesions, and multiple HPV-type infections. Phenol-based therapy is safe and effective for CINs and VaINs. Women aged < 35 years and with persistent CIN1 or CIN2 with a single HPV-type infection are suitable candidates for phenol-based chemical peeling therapy. However, this therapy requires multiple lengthy sessions.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Phenol; Papillomavirus Infections; Cervix Uteri; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 38005896
DOI: 10.3390/v15112219 -
Food & Function Oct 2023: Estimating (poly)phenol intake is challenging due to inadequate dietary assessment tools and limited food content data. Currently, diet scores to characterise...
: Estimating (poly)phenol intake is challenging due to inadequate dietary assessment tools and limited food content data. Currently, diet scores to characterise (poly)phenol-rich diets are lacking. This study aimed to develop a novel (poly)phenol-rich diet score (PPS) and explore its relationship with circulating (poly)phenol metabolites. : A total of 543 healthy free-living participants aged 18-80 years completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (EPIC-Norfolk) and provided 24 h urine samples. The PPS was developed based on the relative intake (quintiles) of 20 selected (poly)phenol-rich food items abundant in the UK diet, including tea, coffee, red wine, whole grains, chocolate and cocoa products, berries, apples and juice, pears, grapes, plums, citrus fruits and juice, potatoes and carrots, onions, peppers, garlic, green vegetables, pulses, soy and soy products, nuts, and olive oil. Foods included in the PPS were chosen based on their (poly)phenol content, main sources of (poly)phenols, and consumption frequencies in the UK population. Associations between the PPS and urinary phenolic metabolites were investigated using linear models adjusting energy intake and multiple testing (FDR adjusted < 0.05). : The total PPS ranged from 25 to 88, with a mean score of 54. A total of 51 individual urinary metabolites were significantly associated with the PPS, including 39 phenolic acids, 5 flavonoids, 3 lignans, 2 resveratrol and 2 other (poly)phenol metabolites. The total (poly)phenol intake derived from FFQs also showed a positive association with PPS (stdBeta 0.32, 95% CI (0.24, 0.40), < 0.01). Significant positive associations were observed in 24 of 27 classes and subclasses of estimated (poly)phenol intake and PPS, with stdBeta values ranging from 0.12 (0.04, 0.20) for theaflavins/thearubigins to 0.43 (0.34, 0.51) for flavonols ( < 0.01). : High adherence to the PPS diet is associated with (poly)phenol intake and urinary biomarkers, indicating the utility of the PPS to characterise diets rich in (poly)phenols at a population level.
Topics: Humans; Phenol; Polyphenols; Phenols; Diet; Fruit; Antioxidants
PubMed: 37840467
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01982a