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Analytical Chemistry Oct 2023The uncontrollable distribution of antitumor agents remains a large obstacle for specific and efficient cancer theranostics; thus, efficient construction of...
The uncontrollable distribution of antitumor agents remains a large obstacle for specific and efficient cancer theranostics; thus, efficient construction of tumor-specific systems is highly desirable. In this work, a general design of tumor stimulus-activatable pretheranostic agents was put forward via a series of structures-tunable triphenylamine derivatives (, , and ) with phenothiazine, benzothiazine, and thiomorpholine as identifying groups of hypochlorite (HClO), respectively. Notably, the sulfur atom in phenothiazine of was more easily oxidized to sulfoxide groups by HClO, transforming into an electron acceptor to form an excellent push-pull electronic system, which was beneficial to a large redshift of absorbance and emission wavelengths. Based on this, resorted to a key of overexpressed HClO in the tumor to open "three locks", viz, NIR fluorescence, photothermal, and photoacoustic signals for multimodal diagnostic and treatment of the tumor. This study provided an elegant design to adopt tumor stimulus-triggerable pretheranostic for improving theranostic accuracy and efficiency, which was regarded as a promising candidate for precision medicine.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Phenothiazines; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Phototherapy; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37824749
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02777 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Nov 2023Functionalization can change the physicochemical properties of hydrochar and improve its ability to adsorb pollutants. Herein, a trithiocyanurate-functionalized...
Functionalization can change the physicochemical properties of hydrochar and improve its ability to adsorb pollutants. Herein, a trithiocyanurate-functionalized hydrochar (TTHC) was obtained from acylation of chloroacetyl chloride and hydrochar and modification with trithiocyanuric acid in alkaline conditions. TTHC can efficiently remove cationic methylene blue (MB) and Pb(II) from wastewater. The removal can be expressed with pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models. The MB and Pb(II) removed uptakes by TTHC at 298 K exceeded 909.9 and 182.8 mg g respectively, and the removal rates reached 90% and 98% within 120 min respectively. Characterizations show TTHC is functionalized with trithiocyanurate, and rich in thiolate and aromaticity, and tends to adsorb MB/Pb(II) via multiple adsorption mechanisms. After five sorption-desorption regeneration cycles, TTHC maintained 80% and 99% adsorption capacities for MB and Pb(II) respectively. Therefore, TTHC is a promising efficient sorbent for removing MB and Pb(II) from effluents.
Topics: Water Pollutants, Chemical; Methylene Blue; Lead; Environmental Pollutants; Wastewater; Adsorption; Kinetics
PubMed: 37734632
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122585 -
Water Research Dec 2023Two-dimensional materials are widely used in membrane separation, but the loose distribution and severe expansion between graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets limit its...
Two-dimensional materials are widely used in membrane separation, but the loose distribution and severe expansion between graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets limit its application. Here, we introduce a two-dimensional MOF material into the GO membrane to enhance its water permeance and separation performance. The MOF/GO composite membrane was prepared by vacuum filtration. The MOF and GO nanosheets were tightly stacked through the π-π effect, and the shortened transmission path and enhanced pore structure greatly improved the water permeance of the composite membrane. The MOF/GO membrane exhibited a high water permeance of 56.94 L m h bar. The rejection rates of methylene blue and was as methyl orange dyes were as high as 99.79% and 99.11%, respectively. At increased dye concentration, the rejection rate of methylene blue was still maintained greater than 99%. Dye rejection after 18 h of continuous operation remains above 90%. This work provides new ideas for improving membrane separation materials. The combination of two-dimensional heterogeneous materials can result in synergistic advantages for the development of composite membranes with high water permeance and high rejection rate.
Topics: Methylene Blue; Coloring Agents; Filtration; Water
PubMed: 37976627
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120693 -
Chemosphere Dec 2023The presence of dye pollutants in industrial wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating effective treatment methods. The optimal...
Integrating artificial neural networks and response surface methodology for predictive modeling and mechanistic insights into the detoxification of hazardous MB and CV dyes using Saccharum officinarum L. biomass.
The presence of dye pollutants in industrial wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating effective treatment methods. The optimal adsorption treatment of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) dye-simulated wastewater utilising Saccharum officinarum L presents a key challenge in the selection of appropriate modelling approaches. While RSM and ANN models are frequently used, there is a noticeable knowledge gap when it comes to evaluating their relative strengths and weaknesses in this context. The study compared the predictive abilities of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) for the adsorption treatment of MB and CV dye-simulated wastewater using Saccharum officinarum L. The process experimental variables were modelled and predicted using a three-layer artificial neural network trained using the Levenberg-Marquard backpropagation algorithm and 30 central composite designs (CCD). The adsorption study used a specific mechanism, which led to noteworthy maximum removals of 98.3% and 98.2% for dyes (MB and CV), respectively. The RSM model achieved an impressive R of 0.9417, while the ANN model achieved 0.9236 in MB. Adsorption is commonly used to remove colour from many different materials. Saccharum officinarum L., a byproduct of sugarcane processing, has shown potential as an efficient and ecological adsorbent in this environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate sugarcane bagasse's potential as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes MB and CV from industrial wastewater, providing a long-term strategy for reducing dye pollution. Due to its beneficial economic and environmental characteristics, the Saccharum officinarum L. adsorbent has prompted research into sustainable resources with low pollutant indices.
Topics: Gentian Violet; Wastewater; Methylene Blue; Saccharum; Coloring Agents; Biomass; Cellulose; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Kinetics; Neural Networks, Computer; Adsorption; Environmental Pollutants; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 37793550
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140262 -
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Sep 2023This research work aimed to design and synthesize some new molecules of phenothiazine. The work's emphasis was on forming new phenothiazines in two series,...
AIM
This research work aimed to design and synthesize some new molecules of phenothiazine. The work's emphasis was on forming new phenothiazines in two series, 1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-2-((4-(1-(phenylimino)ethyl)phenyl)amino)ethan-1-one derivatives (4a-4j) and 1-(4-((2-oxo-2-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)ethyl)amino)phenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives (P1-P5).
METHODS
Chloroacetylation of phenothiazine was done to afford 2-chloro-1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)ethan-1-one, which was further reacted with 4-amino acetophenone to produce 2-((4-acetylphenyl)amino)-1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)ethan-1-one. Then, it was treated with substituted anilines and substituted benzaldehydes to produce the final derivatives 4a-4j and P1-P5, respectively.
RESULTS
All 15 derivatives (4a-4j and P1-P5) were characterized by evaluating their Rf value, melting point, solubility, IR spectroscopy, and 1HNMR spectroscopy. Molecular docking was performed by using AutoDock Vina v.1.2.0 (The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA) docking software, and the anxiolytic activity of the derivatives was assessed by using the elevated plus maze model.
CONCLUSION
The designed scheme was executed in the departmental laboratory. The chemical structure of the compounds was confirmed on the basis of TLC, IR, and 1HNMR analyses. The docking study revealed a good docking score of the compounds. The Log P value of the compounds indicated their good penetration into CNS. The compounds were also screened for anxiolytic activity. Among them, compounds 4f, 4h, and P3 showed maximum activity as anti-anxiolytic agents.
PubMed: 37723630
DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230918100218 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Apr 2024Cancer is recognized as the major cause of death worldwide and the most challenging public health issues. Tumor cells exhibit molecular adaptations and metabolic... (Review)
Review
Cancer is recognized as the major cause of death worldwide and the most challenging public health issues. Tumor cells exhibit molecular adaptations and metabolic reprograming to sustain their high proliferative rate and autophagy plays a pivotal role to supply the high demand for metabolic substrates and for recycling cellular components, which has attracted the attention of the researchers. The modulation of the autophagic process sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapy-induced cell death and reverts drug resistance. In this regard, many in vitro and in vivo studies having shown the anticancer activity of phenothiazine (PTZ) derivatives due to their potent cytotoxicity in tumor cells. Interestingly, PTZ have been used as antiemetics in antitumor chemotherapy-induced vomiting, maybe exerting a combined antitumor effect. Among the mechanisms of cytotoxicity, the modulation of autophagy by these drugs has been highlighted. Therefore, the use of PTZ derivatives can be considered as a repurposing strategy in antitumor chemotherapy. Here, we provided an overview of the effects of antipsychotic PTZ on autophagy in tumor cells, evidencing the molecular targets and discussing the underlying mechanisms. The modulation of autophagy by PTZ in tumor cells have been consistently related to their cytotoxic action. These effects depend on the derivative, their concentration, and also the type of cancer. Most data have shown the impairment of autophagic flux by PTZ, probably due to the blockade of lysosome-autophagosome fusion, but some studies have also suggested the induction of autophagy. These data highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting autophagy by PTZ in cancer chemotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Antipsychotic Agents; Phenothiazines; Drug Repositioning; Antineoplastic Agents; Autophagy; Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Apoptosis
PubMed: 38395266
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116075 -
EMBO Molecular Medicine Jan 2024Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) pathogenesis is driven by a combination of neuronal death and neuroinflammation. We tested 42 FDA-approved drugs that were shown to...
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) pathogenesis is driven by a combination of neuronal death and neuroinflammation. We tested 42 FDA-approved drugs that were shown to induce autophagy for antiviral effects. Four drugs were tested in the JE mouse model based on in vitro protective effects on neuronal cell death, inhibition of viral replication, and anti-inflammatory effects. The antipsychotic phenothiazines Methotrimeprazine (MTP) & Trifluoperazine showed a significant survival benefit with reduced virus titers in the brain, prevention of BBB breach, and inhibition of neuroinflammation. Both drugs were potent mTOR-independent autophagy flux inducers. MTP inhibited SERCA channel functioning, and induced an adaptive ER stress response in diverse cell types. Pharmacological rescue of ER stress blocked autophagy and antiviral effect. MTP did not alter translation of viral RNA, but exerted autophagy-dependent antiviral effect by inhibiting JEV replication complexes. Drug-induced autophagy resulted in reduced NLRP3 protein levels, and attenuation of inflammatory cytokine/chemokine release from infected microglial cells. Our study suggests that MTP exerts a combined antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect in JEV infection, and has therapeutic potential for JE treatment.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese; Methotrimeprazine; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Encephalitis, Japanese; Antiviral Agents; Autophagy; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 38177535
DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00014-w -
Chemosphere Jul 2023A novel nanofiltration membrane was developed by entrapping a layer of modified diatomaceous earth between two layers of electrospun polysulfone (E-PSf) nanofibers. The...
A novel nanofiltration membrane was developed by entrapping a layer of modified diatomaceous earth between two layers of electrospun polysulfone (E-PSf) nanofibers. The diatomaceous earth particles and the fabricated membrane were characterized using FTIR, SEM, EDS, zeta potential, and water contact angle techniques. The static adsorption and dynamic separation of pristine E-PSF and sandwich-like membranes for methylene blue (MB) with/without salt were investigated under different operating conditions. The Langmuir model suited the MB adsorption isotherm data with a linear regression correlation coefficient (R) >0.9955. As pH increased, both flux and MB rejection of the sandwich-like membrane improved by up to 183.8 LMH and 99.7%, respectively, when operated under gravity. The water flux of the sandwich-like membrane was sharply increased by increasing the pressure up to 19,518.2 LMH at 4.0 bar. However, this came at the expense of MB rejection (10.93%) and reduced its practical impact. At a high salt concentration, the sandwich-like membrane also indicated remarkable dye/salt separation with a higher permeation of salt (<0.2% NaCl rejection) and MB rejection (>99%). The performance of the regenerated diatomaceous material and membrane was maintained during five cycles of operation compared to that of the original ones.
Topics: Sodium Chloride; Diatomaceous Earth; Water; Adsorption; Methylene Blue
PubMed: 37084900
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138725 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Dec 2023A supramolecular assembly was obtained by combining methylene blue (MB) with a natural plant extract, curcumin (Curc), in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:4 in aqueous...
A supramolecular assembly was obtained by combining methylene blue (MB) with a natural plant extract, curcumin (Curc), in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:4 in aqueous solution (90% PBS + 10% ethanol) at room temperature. The MB-Curc supramolecular assembly was evidenced by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, and the stoichiometry and bonding constant were obtained using Cieleńs model. Its stability and photostability were evaluated by chromatographic analysis and UV-Vis absorption. The MB-Curc avoids the aggregation of both isolated compounds and efficiently produces singlet oxygen (Φ= 0.52 ± 0.03). Its potential for photodynamic antiangiogenic treatments was evaluated through the vascular effect observed in chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The results showed intense damage in CAM vascular network by MB-Curc after irradiation, which is higher than the effect of isolated compounds, indicating a synergistic vascular effect. This combination can be essential to prevent cancer revascularization after photodynamic application and improve the efficacy of this approach. The characteristics exhibited by MB-Curc make it a potential candidate for use in cancer treatments through photodynamic antiangiogenic therapy.
Topics: Animals; Curcumin; Methylene Blue; Biological Assay; Chickens; Chorioallantoic Membrane
PubMed: 37625276
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123281 -
Techniques in Coloproctology Oct 2023To evaluate how effective methylene blue injection was at treating intractable idiopathic pruritus ani. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To evaluate how effective methylene blue injection was at treating intractable idiopathic pruritus ani.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases was conducted. All clinical studies (prospective and retrospective) that evaluated the efficacy of methylene blue in treating intractable idiopathic pruritus ani were included. Studies that reported the resolution rate, after a single injection and after a second injection, the recurrence rate, symptom scores, and transient complications of methylene blue injections in treating intractable idiopathic pruritus ani were included.
RESULTS
The seven selected studies included 225 patients with idiopathic pruritus ani. The resolution rates after a single injection and after a second injection was 0.761 (0.649-0.873, P < 0.01, I = 69.06%) and 0.854 (0.752-0.955, P < 0.01, I = 77.391%), respectively, the remission rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.753 (0.612-0.893, P < 0.001), 0.773 (0.675-0.871, P < 0.001) and 0.240 (0.033-0.447, P < 0.001), respectively, the effect value of the merger was 0.569 (0.367-0.772, P < 0.001, I = 79.199%), and the recurrence rates at 1, 2, 3, and < 1 year were 0.202 (0.083-0.322, P < 0.001), 0.533 (0.285-0.781, P < 0.001), 0.437 (-0.044, 0.917, P < 0.001) and 0.067 (0.023-0.111, P < 0.001), respectively. The effect value of the merger was 0.223 (0.126-0.319, P < 0.001, I = 75.840).
CONCLUSION
Using methylene blue injections to treat intractable idiopathic pruritus ani is relatively efficacious, resulting in a relatively low recurrence rate and no severe complications. However, the available literature was of poor quality. Therefore, higher quality studies are necessary to confirm that methylene blue injection is efficacious for pruritus ani, such as a randomized prospective multicenter studies.
Topics: Humans; Pruritus Ani; Methylene Blue; Retrospective Studies; Prospective Studies; Injections, Intradermal
PubMed: 37306793
DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02825-y