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Journal of Environmental Management Oct 2023The rich pore structure and carbon structure of lignite make it a suitable adsorbent for effectively removing methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. This article reports...
The rich pore structure and carbon structure of lignite make it a suitable adsorbent for effectively removing methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. This article reports the preparation of lignite-based adsorbents modified by magnesium salts, and the key factors and adsorption mechanism are analyzed to effectively improve the adsorption performance for MB. The results showed that the lignite was modified by magnesium salts, and the Mg in the magnesium salts had a good binding effect on the oxygen-containing functional groups in the lignite. This improved the adsorption performance of the lignite-based adsorbents for MB. The Mg(NO)-modified lignite-based adsorbent showed the best adsorption performance and removal rate of MB (99.33%) when prepared with 8 wt % Mg(NO). Characterization analysis showed that a "-COOMg" structure was formed between Mg in the magnesium salts and the carboxylic acid functional group in the lignite, which was postulated to be the absorption site that promoted the adsorption performance for MB. It is speculated that the MB adsorption mechanism of this lignite-based adsorbent is ion exchange.
Topics: Methylene Blue; Magnesium; Adsorption; Coal; Salts; Kinetics; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 37487308
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118514 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Nov 2023To evaluate sedative and behavioral effects of a client-administered preappointment protocol with PO gabapentin and melatonin and oral-transmucosal acepromazine (GMA...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate sedative and behavioral effects of a client-administered preappointment protocol with PO gabapentin and melatonin and oral-transmucosal acepromazine (GMA protocol).
ANIMALS
45 client-owned dogs between 1 and 12 years old that underwent standardize examinations between February and August 2021.
METHODS
In this clinical trial, dogs with a history of anxiety, fearfulness, and/or aggression during hospital visits were assessed and videotaped before (baseline) and after administration of the GMA protocol. For the second visit, owners administered PO gabapentin (20 to 25 mg/kg) in the evening prior to the next visit and PO gabapentin (20 to 25 mg/kg), PO melatonin (3 to 5 mg/dog), and oral-transmucosal acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) 90 to 120 minutes prior to the second appointment. Examinations were performed, and behavioral stress and sedation levels were evaluated with semiquantitative rating scales. Randomized videos were analyzed, and a paired t test was used to compare stress and sedation scores between baseline and GMA. A Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the effect of age on the scores.
RESULTS
Stress scores were significantly lower after the GMA protocol, and sedation scores were significantly higher when compared to baseline (21.84 vs 27.11 and 1.39 vs 0.68, respectively). A significant correlation between increasing age and lower stress scores post-GMA and higher sedation scores post-GMA were observed.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Preappointment administration of the GMA protocol reduced signs of stress, fear, and fear-based aggression during hospital visits and provided sedation in this dog population. This protocol could represent an adjunct tool for veterinarians to improve quality of care and reduce animal-related injury.
Topics: Humans; Dogs; Animals; Gabapentin; Acepromazine; Melatonin; Aggression; Prospective Studies; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Anxiety; Hospitals
PubMed: 37495226
DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.02.0067 -
West African Journal of Medicine Dec 2023Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative that possesses antihistamine, anti-dopaminergic and anticholinergic properties. It is commonly used to treat motion sickness,...
INTRODUCTION
Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative that possesses antihistamine, anti-dopaminergic and anticholinergic properties. It is commonly used to treat motion sickness, allergic conditions, nausea and vomiting, in addition to its use as a sedative. Promethazine has vesicant properties and is highly caustic to the intima of blood vessels and surrounding tissues. Intravenous administration may result in thrombophlebitis, unintentional intra-arterial administration, perivascular extravasation and tissue necrosis. To the best of our knowledge there is no previous published report of promethazine-induced thrombophlebitis from sub- Saharan Africa.
CASE REPORT
A 29-year-old Nigerian male was admitted at our hospital on account of malaria with acute gastroenteritis. Due to persistent vomiting, he was administered 25 mg of promethazine injection via a size 22G intravenous cannula which was inserted the previous day on the anteromedial aspect of his right forearm and maintained with continuous intravenous crystalloid infusion. Upon administration of promethazine, he experienced intense burning and erythema. The cannula was removed immediately, another cannula was inserted on the contralateral arm, and promethazine was replaced with ondansetron. Subsequently, he developed a tender, subcutaneous cord-like swelling extending from the middle-third of the anteromedial aspect of his right forearm, corresponding with the site of previous venous cannulation. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic, non-compressible basilic vein, with no flow on colour Doppler interrogation, in keeping with superficial thrombophlebitis. He was treated with a topical anti-inflammatory agent, and the pain and redness subsided after four weeks.
CONCLUSION
The preferred parenteral route of administration of promethazine is deep intramuscular injection. Recommendations to prevent promethazine-induced thrombophlebitis include: use of large and patent veins, use of lower doses, drug dilution and slow administration, use of alternative therapies, and patient education. Promethazine-induced tissue injury is under-reported in this part of the world. Creating awareness through this case report would help reduce the morbidity following promethazine administration.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Promethazine; Ondansetron; Vomiting; Nausea; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 38070188
DOI: No ID Found -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Oct 2023Calix[4]arene/polyurethane (C4PU) has been synthesized and characterized as an alternative adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG)...
Calix[4]arene/polyurethane (C4PU) has been synthesized and characterized as an alternative adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dyes from the aqueous solution. C4PU was synthesized by reacting p-tert-butyl calix[4]arene with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) as the cross-linking agent. Different polymer ratios were synthesized, and C4PU-4 shows better adsorption than other ratios. The polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and point of zero charges (pH). The isotherms and kinetics of the adsorption of MB and MG were studied under a range of experimental conditions, including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time. The adsorption was determined by the adsorption percentage of MB and MG dyes from the solution. The Langmuir isotherm model best describes the adsorption process for both dyes, and it follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with the maximum adsorption capacity (q) of MB and MG, respectively, was found to be 1.991 mg·g and 2.240 mg·g.
Topics: Coloring Agents; Polyurethanes; Adsorption; Environmental Monitoring; Methylene Blue; Kinetics; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 37828347
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11909-z -
Research in Veterinary Science Feb 2024This retrospective study aimed to assess the incidence of hypotension and the subsequent administration of dobutamine in horses anesthetized with isoflurane and...
This retrospective study aimed to assess the incidence of hypotension and the subsequent administration of dobutamine in horses anesthetized with isoflurane and romifidine during elective surgery. Time from induction of anaesthesia to administration of dobutamine was registered, as well as the time and dose needed to restore mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 70 mmHg. Additionally, the influence of patient and anaesthesia related parameters on the need for dobutamine supplementation was evaluated. In total, 118 horses were included in this retrospective study. Dobutamine was administered to effect when MAP<70 mmHg. Data registered: patient weight, acepromazine premedication, body position, administration of intraoperative ketamine bolus, locoregional anaesthesia, mechanical ventilation, duration of anaesthesia, dose and duration of dobutamine administration, heart rate, MAP before dobutamine administration, MAP and time required to increase MAP≥70 mmHg. Dobutamine infusion was needed in 54.2% of the horses 30 ± 17 min after isoflurane-romifidine anaesthesia started. Dobutamine 0.55 ± 0.18 μg kg min achieved a MAP≥70 mmHg in 12 ± 8 min. Duration of dobutamine infusion was 56 ± 37 min. An univariable logistic regression showed a significant association between dobutamine and acepromazine administration (p = 0.01; OR = 3.43), anaesthesia time (p = 0.02; OR = 2.41) and dorsal recumbency (p < 0.001; OR = 8.40). In a multivariable logistic regression, only dorsal recumbency significantly increased the need for dobutamine supplementation (p < 0.001; OR = 7.70). There was no significant association between patient weight (p = 0.11; OR = 1), locoregional anaesthesia (p = 0.07; OR = 0.47), administration of a ketamine bolus (p = 0.95; OR = 0.98) or volume controlled ventilation (p = 0.94; OR = 1.04) and dobutamine administration. Low doses of dobutamine were suitable to restore MAP above 70 mmHg within a limited time period. Only dorsal recumbency increased the need of dobutamine administration.
Topics: Horses; Animals; Isoflurane; Dobutamine; Ketamine; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Acepromazine; Retrospective Studies; Blood Pressure; Anesthesia; Imidazoles
PubMed: 38154415
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105119 -
Analytical Chemistry Feb 2024The Janus interface, comprising multiple functional heterointerfaces with contrasting functionalities within a single interface, has recently garnered widespread...
The Janus interface, comprising multiple functional heterointerfaces with contrasting functionalities within a single interface, has recently garnered widespread research interest. Herein, a Janus biosensing interface is obtained via wavelength-resolved laser illumination. Deoxyribonucleic acid bridges the electrochemical probe of methylene blue (MB) and plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), achieving a sensitive detection performance. MB shows differential electrochemical signals under front () and back () laser illumination at 532 and 650 nm, respectively, owing to the selective wavelength-resolved effect. Thus, the presence of a wavelength-resolved laser enabled the design of a biosensing interface with Janus properties. The change in the distance between MB and AuNPs induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) indicates that a sensitive response of the Janus biosensing interface can be achieved. A ratiometric strategy is introduced to describe the electrochemical signals of the and for improved robustness. The obtained linear range is 0.0005-50 ng mL, with a detection limit of 0.175 pg mL. Our study demonstrated that the wavelength-resolved Janus interface enables an electrochemical biosensor with excellent sensitivity. This finding provides an efficient approach for improving biosensor performance.
Topics: Gold; Electrochemical Techniques; Metal Nanoparticles; Light; Biosensing Techniques; Aflatoxin B1; Methylene Blue; Limit of Detection; Aptamers, Nucleotide
PubMed: 38294965
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05063 -
Clinical Laboratory Feb 2024Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections in adults, and urine culture is the parameter that uses the most time and cost in microbiology...
BACKGROUND
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections in adults, and urine culture is the parameter that uses the most time and cost in microbiology laboratories. For this reason, the selection of fast and cost-effective methods in the evaluation of urine samples is one of the priority issues of microbiology laboratories. The aim of this study was to investigate the compatibility and cost-effectiveness of routinely used Blood Agar (BA), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) medium, and CHROMagar Orientation Medium (CO Medium) in the identification of microorganisms in urine samples.
METHODS
Consecutive urine samples (n: 700) sent to our laboratory were simultaneously inoculated onto BA/EMB media and CO medium. Urine samples were evaluated after 18 - 24 hours of incubation at 37℃ and the compatibility of the two methods was compared. The use of 104 Gram stains, 198 biochemical tests, and 9 identification kits was required with BA/EMB agar.
RESULTS
When 104 colonies with single growth were evaluated, presumptive identification with CO medium was found to be 100% compatible with the VITEK 2 system. The most isolated 62 Escherichia coli (E. coli) colonies gave dark pink-red color and were found to be fully compatible with the VITEK 2 system. Compatibility of BA and EMB medium evaluations with VITEK 2 system; E. coli (n: 62), KES group (n: 26), Pseudomonas spp. (n: 6) and Proteus spp. For (n: 2), it was determined as 69.3%, 57.69%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. According to the results of our study, when BA/EMB and CO Medium methods were compared, 182 Euro (€) savings were achieved in 700 urine cultures with CO Medium. It was estimated that the amount of savings could be 15,600 € per year.
CONCLUSIONS
CHROMagar Orientation Medium method can be used routinely with its advantages such as being cost-effective, reducing the workload, and not requiring additional operations. CHROMagar Orientation Medium can also be considered as an easily accessible method and opportunity that does not require infrastructure and trained personnel, especially for laboratories with low test capacity and having problems with the supply of com-mercial kits and automated systems.
Topics: Humans; Agar; Escherichia coli; Culture Media; Urinary Tract Infections; Methylene Blue
PubMed: 38345982
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2023.230717 -
Mikrochimica Acta Aug 2023A highly sensitive and rapid electrochemical sensor was developed for detecting melatonin using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with methylene blue as the...
A highly sensitive and rapid electrochemical sensor was developed for detecting melatonin using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with methylene blue as the functional monomer and melatonin as the template. The MIP was synthesized via a simple electropolymerization process that did not require an initiating reagent. The sensor demonstrated good selectivity for melatonin against common interferences such as lactate, cytosine, cytidine, urea, ascorbic acid, creatine, creatinine, serotonin, and tryptophan. Melatonin detection was achieved at a potential of 0.60 V vs. Ag/AgCl with a sensitivity of 138.8 ± 4.7 µA µM in the linear range 0.097 - 200 µM and a limit of detection of 29 nM (3S/m). The sensor exhibited excellent reproducibility and repeatability for both within (intra) and between (inter) electrodes (%RSD < 3% for n = 3). The sensor was applied to authentic urine and saliva samples with recoveries of 103 ± 1% and 102 ± 1%, respectively.
Topics: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers; Polymers; Melatonin; Methylene Blue; Molecular Imprinting; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva
PubMed: 37566143
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05930-9 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Nov 2023In this work, the modification of BiMoO with critic acid (CA-BMO) to achieve enhanced adsorption of methylene blue (MB) solution in dark and desorption under visible...
In this work, the modification of BiMoO with critic acid (CA-BMO) to achieve enhanced adsorption of methylene blue (MB) solution in dark and desorption under visible light irradiation was reported. The as-prepared materials were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and characterized via SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and XPS techniques. Only 16.5% of 10 mg L MB was removed within 10 min by using 0.5 g L BiMoO, while 92.9% removal of MB could be achieved by using 0.5 g L CA-BMO, which enhanced the adsorption removal by a factor of 4.6. The adsorption capacity for MB was 18.9 mg g. Desorption efficiency of MB was only observed in CA-BMO system, and it depends on the wavelength of the light source, pH, and the presence of metal ions. Characterization results suggested that carboxyl groups, which were modified onto the surface of BiMoO, could serve as adsorption sites for MB, and the connections were damaged under light, thus leading to the desorption of MB from the surface of the CA-BMO. This study provides a novel reagent-free desorption strategy for dye recovery without secondary pollution, which facilitates the development and application of Bi-based adsorbent for dye-containing wastewater treatment.
Topics: Methylene Blue; Adsorption; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Kinetics; Light
PubMed: 37782365
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30103-9 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Sep 2023To reduce the consumption of oxidant and catalyst in Fenton-like reaction and to realize the reuse of catalyst, yeast supported iron nanoparticles (nZVI@SC) was...
To reduce the consumption of oxidant and catalyst in Fenton-like reaction and to realize the reuse of catalyst, yeast supported iron nanoparticles (nZVI@SC) was synthesized by tobacco leaf extract and applied in the heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB) at ambient conditions. The performance of the composite was exploited in terms of catalytic activity and factors influencing MB degradation. The surface changes of nZVI@SC before and after reaction were characterized by XPS, SEM, FT-IR and XRD. Iron leaching, primary reactive oxidizing species, and the storage stability and reusability of catalyst were also investigated. Typically, 99.7% removal of 50 mg/L MB, with a TOC removal of 97.2%, could be achieved within 10 h by 0.1 g/L nZVI@SC coupled with 1.0 mM HO. The MB degradation is in good agreement with the pseudo-first-order model, and hydroxyl radicals in the bulk solution is the main reactive oxidizing species responsible for MB degradation. Based on the identified intermediates by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, the possible MB degradation mechanism in the nZVI@SC/HO system is discussed. The developed high-performance nZVI@SC catalyst strategy can provide a new route in enhancing the Fenton-like degradation of organic contaminants with less consumption of catalyst and oxidant.
Topics: Iron; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Hydrogen Peroxide; Methylene Blue; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Oxidants; Nanoparticles; Catalysis
PubMed: 37441945
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115240