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Scientific Reports Oct 2023Photodynamic therapy is a treatment that combines a light source with a photosensitizer. LEDs have attracted considerable attention in clinical dentistry because they...
Photodynamic therapy is a treatment that combines a light source with a photosensitizer. LEDs have attracted considerable attention in clinical dentistry because they are inexpensive and safe to use. Although the interaction between photosensitizers and LEDs in dental practice is effective for treating periodontal disease by killing periodontopathic bacteria, little is known about the effects of LEDs on human gingival fibroblasts (HGnFs), which play an important role in gingival wound healing. In this study, we investigated the effects of high-intensity red LED irradiation on HGnFs after the addition of methylene blue (MB), one of the least harmful photosensitizers, on wound healing and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by photodynamic reactions. We found that irradiation of MB with high-intensity red LED at controlled energy levels promoted cell proliferation, migration, and production of wound healing factors. Furthermore, ROS production by a photodynamic reaction enabled the translocation of phosphorylated Grb2-associated binder-1, activating Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signals. Our findings suggest that proper control of ROS production has a beneficial effect on gingival fibroblasts, which constitute periodontal tissue, from the perspective of gingival wound healing.
Topics: Humans; Reactive Oxygen Species; Photosensitizing Agents; Gingiva; Wound Healing; Photochemotherapy; Methylene Blue
PubMed: 37816801
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43966-2 -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Oct 2023This study evaluated the adsorptive properties of deep eutectic solvent (DES)-treated palm oil mill sludge adsorbents for methylene blue removal. The adsorbents were...
This study evaluated the adsorptive properties of deep eutectic solvent (DES)-treated palm oil mill sludge adsorbents for methylene blue removal. The adsorbents were prepared at a ratio of 1:2 at 80°C to form P1:D2@80°C, at 25°C to form P1:D2@25°C and without DES to form dry sludge (DS). The adsorbent samples were characterized for surface functional groups, textural properties and surface morphology. The values of specific area were 534, 236 and 184 m/g, respectively. Batch adsorption of methylene blue at varying concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time and temperature was performed. The maximum adsorption capacities by Sips model were recorded as 72.07, 56.18 and 48.33 mg/g for P1:D2@80°C, P1:D2@25°C and DS, respectively. P1:D2@80°C displayed the highest rate constant (K = 0.0037 g/mg.min). The adsorption data were well fitted into Sips isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, suggesting that the adsorption is a physical process onto heterogeneous adsorbent surface via pore filling and electrostatic attraction. The adsorption was spontaneous, feasible and exothermic with decreased disorderliness in the solid-bulk solution interface. The DES-treated palm oil mill sludge adsorbent is a promising alternative adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater.
Topics: Palm Oil; Sewage; Methylene Blue; Deep Eutectic Solvents; Adsorption; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 37870632
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11925-z -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery :... Sep 2023Patients with obstruction jaundice are at a high risk of hypotension and need high volume of fluids and a high dose of catecholamine to maintain organ perfusion during... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Prophylactic Administration with Methylene Blue Improves Hemodynamic Stabilization During Obstructive Jaundice-Related Diseases' Operation: a Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.
OBJECTIVES
Patients with obstruction jaundice are at a high risk of hypotension and need high volume of fluids and a high dose of catecholamine to maintain organ perfusion during operation procedure. All these likely contribute to high perioperative morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of methylene blue on the hemodynamics in patients undergoing surgeries associated with obstructive jaundice.
DESIGN
A prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical study.
SETTING
The enrolled patients randomly received 2 mg/kg of methylene blue in saline or saline (50 ml) before anesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the frequency and dose of noradrenaline administration to maintain mean arterial blood pressure over 65 mmHg or > 80% of baseline, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) over 800 dyne/s/cm during operation. The secondary outcomes were liver and kidney functions, and ICU stay.
PATIENTS
Seventy patients were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to receive either methylene blue or control (n = 35/group).
RESULTS
Fewer patients received noradrenaline in the methylene blue group when compared with the control group (13/35 vs 23/35, P = 0.017), and the noradrenaline dose administrated during operation was reduced in the methylene blue group when compared with the control group (0.32 ± 0.57 mg vs 1.787 ± 3.51 mg, P = 0.018). The blood level of creatinine, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase after the operation was reduced in the methylene blue group when compared with the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Prophylactic administration of methylene blue before operation associated with obstructive jaundice improves hemodynamic stability and short-term prognosis.
QUESTION
Methylene blue use prevented refractory hypotension during cardiac surgery, sepsis, or anaphylactic shock. It is still unknown that methylene blue on the vascular hypo-tone associated with obstructive jaundice.
FINDINGS
Prophylactic administration with methylene blue improved peri-operative hemodynamic stability, and hepatic and kidney function on the patients with obstructive jaundice.
MEANINGS
Methylene blue is a promising and recommended drug for the patients undergoing the surgeries of relief obstructive jaundice during peri-operation management.
Topics: Humans; Methylene Blue; Jaundice, Obstructive; Prospective Studies; Hemodynamics; Norepinephrine; Hypotension
PubMed: 37101089
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-022-05499-3 -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Oct 2023This study evaluated the antibiofilm activity of promethazine, deferiprone, and Manuka honey against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and ex...
This study evaluated the antibiofilm activity of promethazine, deferiprone, and Manuka honey against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and ex vivo in a wound model on porcine skin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the effects of the compounds on biofilms were evaluated. Then, counting colony-forming units (CFUs) and confocal microscopy were performed on biofilms cultivated on porcine skin for evaluation of the compounds. For promethazine, MICs ranging from 97.66 to 781.25 µg/ml and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values ranging from 195.31 to 1562.5 µg/ml were found. In addition to reducing the biomass of both species' biofilms. As for deferiprone, the MICs were 512 and >1024 µg/ml, the MBECs were ≥1024 µg/ml, and it reduced the biomass of biofilms. Manuka honey had MICs of 10%-40%, MBECs of 20 to >40% and reduced the biomass of S. aureus biofilms only. Concerning the analyses in the ex vivo model, the compounds reduced (P < .05) CFU counts for both bacterial species, altering the biofilm architecture. The action of the compounds on biofilms in in vitro and ex vivo tests raises the possibility of using them against biofilm-associated wounds. However, further studies are needed to characterize the mechanisms of action and their effectiveness on biofilms in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Staphylococcus aureus; Promethazine; Deferiprone; Honey; Biofilms; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37791895
DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad119 -
Chemosphere Feb 2024The antipsychotic chlorpromazine (Cpz) has raised concern as a pharmaceutical effluent due to its wide medical applications. Moreover, its potent pro-oxidant properties...
The antipsychotic chlorpromazine (Cpz) has raised concern as a pharmaceutical effluent due to its wide medical applications. Moreover, its potent pro-oxidant properties and impact on the cell viability of the marine mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis, even at low concentrations (ng/L), have been noted. Based on this evidence, in this study, we investigated the physiological effects of Cpz on M. galloprovincialis, to elucidate its fate within the organism, in terms of bioaccumulation, biotransformation, byssus changes and stress responses of the cellular thiolome. Histological and indicators of vitality analyses were also performed to better evaluate the influence of the drug on the morphology and cell viability of the digestive gland. To this end, two different concentrations of Cpz (Cpz I (12 ng/L or 37 pM) and Cpz II (12 μg/L or 37 nM)) were administered to mussels over 14 days. Cpz accumulation in the digestive gland significantly increased with water concentration (BCF of Cpz I and Cpz II). Biochemical analyses indicated lysosomal dysfunction, reflected in elevated total Cathepsin D activity and compromised lysosomal membrane stability. Stress-related and metal-buffering proteins (GST and metallothionein) responded to both Cpz concentrations. Cpz I induced phase I biotransformation activity (CYP450-dependent EROD), while Cpz II triggered caspase-3 activation, indicative of detoxification overload. Histological analysis revealed digestive gland atrophy, epithelial thinning, haemocyte infiltration, and brown cell presence. Byssus analysis showed significant alterations. In conclusion, our study underscores Cpz-induced physiological and histological changes in M. galloprovincialis, posing potential implications for mussel health and confirming the utilisation of this mussel as an indication of Cpz ecotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Mytilus; Chlorpromazine; Metals; Biotransformation; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38160957
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141079 -
International Journal of Biological... Feb 2024Water pollution had exacerbated the global water crisis. Dye effluents posed a serious threat to the environment and human health, so there was an urgent need to develop... (Review)
Review
Tailored ultra-tough, antimicrobial and recyclable hydrogels based on chitosan and ionic liquid modified montmorillonite with different chain lengths for efficient adsorption of organic dyes in wastewater.
Water pollution had exacerbated the global water crisis. Dye effluents posed a serious threat to the environment and human health, so there was an urgent need to develop sustainable methods to mitigate water pollution. In this work, sodium-based montmorillonite (MMT) was stripped using ionic liquids (ILs) with different chain lengths, and a pAAM/pAA/LMA/MMT@ILs-CS hydrogel adsorbent (MICHA) was prepared. The gel-based adsorbent was used to adsorb typical cationic (methylene blue: MB, rhodamine B: RhB) and anionic (methyl orange: MO, indigo carmine: IC) dyes from wastewater. The maximum adsorption capacities of MICHA for MB, MO, IC and RhB were 349.6817, 325.415, 316.0142 and 339.8154 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data of MICHA for dyes were in accordance with the pseudo-first order and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption mechanism of MICHA on dyes were based on hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and π-π interaction. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of dyes on MICHA was spontaneous and heat-absorbing. The selective experiments demonstrated that MICHA has a promising application in real industrial conditions. Cyclic adsorption tests demonstrated the excellent recyclability of MICHA. In addition, MICHA had excellent antimicrobial and mechanical properties, which endowed the gel adsorbent with anti-pollution and durability.
Topics: Humans; Wastewater; Hydrogels; Chitosan; Bentonite; Ionic Liquids; Adsorption; Coloring Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Methylene Blue; Kinetics
PubMed: 38101665
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128752 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Sep 2023The abnormal aggregation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) is one of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus development of potent scavengers...
The abnormal aggregation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) is one of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus development of potent scavengers targeting Aβ is considered an effective strategy for AD treatment. Herein, photosensitizer-doped carbonized polymer dots (PS-CPDs) were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method using photosensitizer (PS) and -phenylenediamine (PD) as precursors, and furtherly applied to inhibit Aβ aggregation via photooxygenation. The inhibition efficiency of such PS-CPDs can be adjusted by varying the type of photosensitizer, and among them, methylene blue-doped carbonized polymer dots (MB-CPDs) showed the strongest photooxygenation inhibition capability. The results demonstrated that under 650 nm NIR light irradiation, MB-CPDs (2 μg/mL) produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) to efficiently inhibit Aβ fibrillization and disaggregate mature Aβ fibrils and increased the cultured cell viability from 50% to 83%. studies confirmed that MB-CPDs extended the lifespan of AD nematodes by 4 days. Notably, the inhibitory capability of MB-CPDs is much stronger than that of MB and previously reported carbonized polymer dots. This work indicated that potent photooxygenation carbon dots can be obtained by using a photosensitizer as one of the precursors, and the results have provided new insights into the design of potent photooxygenation carbon nanomaterials targeting Aβ in AD treatment.
Topics: Animals; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Alzheimer Disease; Methylene Blue; Photosensitizing Agents; Carbon; Fishes; Polymers
PubMed: 37682558
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06948 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Nov 2023BACKGROUND Methylene blue has multiple uses in medicine. It is generally used to treat refractory vasoplegia and methemoglobin toxicity, and can be used as a dye to...
BACKGROUND Methylene blue has multiple uses in medicine. It is generally used to treat refractory vasoplegia and methemoglobin toxicity, and can be used as a dye to localize the parathyroid glands intra-operatively. In refractory vasoplegia, methylene blue inhibits endothelial nitric oxide and guanylate cyclase, causing vasoconstriction and potentially stabilizing blood pressure. Multiple complications have been associated with the use of methylene blue. These are related to either the sole effect of methylene blue or the combined effect of methylene blue and certain antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). To the best of our knowledge, in the setting of post-cardiac surgery vasoplegia, there have been no reports of the neurological toxicity of methylene blue in the absence of SSRI use. In this case report, we describe the anticholinergic manifestations associated with the use of methylene blue in post-cardiac surgery vasoplegia. CASE REPORT A male patient in his mid-sixties with severe mitral regurgitation underwent elective mitral valve replacement. Postoperatively, he was hypotensive and required a high dose of vasopressors. Methylene blue was administered to treat refractory vasoplegia. The patient became anuric and febrile, with bilateral mydriasis. Internal cooling and continuous renal replacement therapy were initiated, and symptoms rapidly resolved. The patient was discharged after prolonged hospitalization with a permanent catheter for hemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS Anticholinergic toxidrome may explain the neurological adverse effects associated with high doses of methylene blue. Physicians should be cautious when using methylene blue in combination with other anticholinergic drugs and in conditions of renal failure. The development of methylene blue toxicity warrants the urgent discontinuation of the agent and early drug elimination.
Topics: Humans; Male; Methylene Blue; Vasoplegia; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Hypotension; Heart
PubMed: 37967040
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.941453 -
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and... Dec 2023Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are important regulators of pH homeostasis and participate in many physiological and pathological processes. CA activators (CAAs) are becoming...
Antihistamines, phenothiazine-based antipsychotics, and tricyclic antidepressants potently activate pharmacologically relevant human carbonic anhydrase isoforms II and VII.
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are important regulators of pH homeostasis and participate in many physiological and pathological processes. CA activators (CAAs) are becoming increasingly important in the biomedical field since enhancing CA activity may have beneficial effects at neurological level. Here, we investigate selected antihistamines, phenothiazine-based antipsychotics, and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) as potential activators of human CAs I, II, IV, and VII. Our findings indicate that these compounds are more effective at activating hCA II and VII compared to hCA I and IV. Overall, hCA VII was the most efficiently activated isoform, particularly by phenothiazines and TCAs. This is especially relevant since hCA VII is the most abundant isoform in the central nervous system (CNS) and is implicated in neuronal signalling and bicarbonate balance regulation. This study offers additional insights into the pharmacological profiles of clinically employed drugs and sets the ground for the development of novel optimised CAAs.
Topics: Humans; Antipsychotic Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Carbonic Anhydrases; Protein Isoforms; Phenothiazines; Histamine Antagonists; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Structure-Activity Relationship; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 36912265
DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2188147 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Nov 2023The current work reports the gum arabic-mediated greener synthesis of MoS nanoparticles (NPs) and its utilization for the solar light-assisted degradation of methylene...
The current work reports the gum arabic-mediated greener synthesis of MoS nanoparticles (NPs) and its utilization for the solar light-assisted degradation of methylene blue. Furthermore, the safety analyses were performed on human-beneficial gut bacterium, L. delbrueckii, and human blood cells to confirm the biocompatibility of NPs synthesized. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were done to explore their usefulness for biological applications. Sonication and microwave treatment were used to obtain spherical 10-12 nm MoS NPs as characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. FT-IR characterization revealed the occurrence of gum arabic on the NPs surface. The MoS NPs exhibited ~ 98% MB degradation within 8 h under direct sunlight exposure. Moreover, the reusability studies have also been evaluated and free radical trapping experiments indicated that superoxide (•O) is the dominant active species of the reaction system. Furthermore, 98.89% MB degradation efficiency was observed within 150 min in the case of real textile industry MB effluent samples. Untreated MB inhibited the growth of L. delbrueckii on MRS agar plates, while growth was observed in the case of MoS NPs-treated MB samples indicating safety of current MB degradation approach. MoS NPs inhibited the growth of E. coli MTCC1698 and S. aureus MTCC 3160 with 26 mm and 21 mm zone of inhibition, respectively. Furthermore, MoS NPs have shown antioxidant properties, resulting in 82.3 ± 0.43% of DPPH scavenging activity which was comparable to ascorbic acid (81.6 ± 0.6%), a standard antioxidant molecule. The NPs have not shown any hemolytic activity at 0.0625 and 0.125 mg/mL doses to human blood proving their biocompatible nature. Gum arabic-synthesized biocompatible MoS NPs have good potential to treat MB released as waste from the textile industry and other biological applications.
Topics: Humans; Photolysis; Antioxidants; Methylene Blue; Gum Arabic; Molybdenum; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Metal Nanoparticles; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 37840085
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30116-4