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Laterality 2023Handedness is a core phenotype in clinical laterality research and several different disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders have been linked to a... (Review)
Review
Handedness is a core phenotype in clinical laterality research and several different disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders have been linked to a higher prevalence of non-right-handedness. Moreover, subclinical personality traits like schizotypy have been linked to a higher prevalence of non-right-handedness. The association with handedness is poorly understood for generalized anxiety disorder and specific phobias, as well as for state and trait anxiety and fear of specific stimuli in nonclinical samples. Therefore, we performed a narrative review of studies investigating handedness in anxiety disorders patients and studies that compared anxiety scores between different handedness groups. Unlike schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, there seems to be no strong association between anxiety disorders and handedness in adult patients, except for specific phobias. Studies often had small sample sizes and therefore a high risk to report spurious findings. Similar findings were reported in most non-clinical studies. Importantly, familial handedness affects phobia risk and antenatal maternal anxiety increased the probability of mixed-handedness. This suggests that a transgenerational, developmental perspective is essential to better understand the complex interrelations between handedness and anxiety. Familial and especially maternal handedness and anxiety disorders should be integrated into future studies on handedness and anxiety whenever possible.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Functional Laterality; Schizotypal Personality Disorder; Surveys and Questionnaires; Anxiety Disorders; Anxiety
PubMed: 37605527
DOI: 10.1080/1357650X.2023.2250074 -
Journal of Physiotherapy Jul 2023How much are the reductions in pain intensity and improvements in physical function from Pilates exercise mediated by changes in pain catastrophising and kinesiophobia? (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Pain catastrophising and kinesiophobia mediate pain and physical function improvements with Pilates exercise in chronic low back pain: a mediation analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
QUESTION
How much are the reductions in pain intensity and improvements in physical function from Pilates exercise mediated by changes in pain catastrophising and kinesiophobia?
DESIGN
This was a secondary causal mediation analysis of a four-arm randomised controlled trial testing Pilates exercise dosage (once, twice or thrice per week) against a booklet control.
PARTICIPANTS
Two hundred and fifty-five people with chronic low back pain.
DATA ANALYSIS
All analyses were conducted in R software (version 4.1.2) following a preregistered analysis plan. A directed acyclic graph was constructed to identify potential pre-treatment mediator-outcome confounders. For each mediator model, we estimated the intervention-mediator effect, the mediator-outcome effect, the total natural indirect effect (TNIE), the pure natural direct effect (PNDE), and the total effect (TE).
RESULTS
Pain catastrophising mediated the effect of Pilates exercise compared with control on the outcomes pain intensity (TNIE MD -0.21, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.03) and physical function (TNIE MD -0.64, 95% CI -1.20 to -0.18). Kinesiophobia mediated the effect of Pilates exercise compared with control on the outcomes pain intensity (TNIE MD -0.31, 95% CI -0.68 to -0.02) and physical function (TNIE MD -1.06, 95% CI -1.70 to -0.49). The proportion mediated by each mediator was moderate (21 to 55%).
CONCLUSION
Reductions in pain catastrophising and kinesiophobia partially mediated the pathway to improved pain intensity and physical function when using Pilates exercise for chronic low back pain. These psychological components may be important treatment targets for clinicians and researchers to consider when prescribing exercise for chronic low back pain.
Topics: Humans; Low Back Pain; Exercise Movement Techniques; Mediation Analysis; Chronic Pain; Kinesiophobia; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 37277290
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2023.05.008 -
BJPsych Open Feb 2024Approximately 10-18% of the adult population experience some form of anxiety when viewing clusters of small holes. 'Trypophobia' has been the subject of much discussion...
Approximately 10-18% of the adult population experience some form of anxiety when viewing clusters of small holes. 'Trypophobia' has been the subject of much discussion within the peer-reviewed literature, news outlets, health-related websites and social media. However, there is some scepticism surrounding the phenomenon. It is often stated that the condition is not recognised by the American Psychiatric Association, and not listed as a phobia in the DSM-5. It has also been claimed that trypophobia is no more than a particularly successful internet meme. In this editorial, I argue that such criticisms are misplaced. There is, for instance, no list of phobias in the DSM-5; only criteria that determine phobia classification. Using these criteria, as well as personal testimonials, trypophobia is clearly a phobia. Furthermore, the meme hypothesis cannot account for the fact that the phenomenon existed long before the internet.
PubMed: 38362941
DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.621 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2024Kinesiophobia is an irrational and debilitating fear of physical movement frequently occurring following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It is a major...
Kinesiophobia is an irrational and debilitating fear of physical movement frequently occurring following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It is a major limiting factor in return to sport after ACL reconstruction and is associated with worse knee function and increased risk of a secondary ACL rupture. Kinesiophobia can be identified using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. Addressing kinesiophobia early in rehabilitation is crucial, as it can lead to non-adherence to rehabilitation. While cognitive therapy has shown promise in treating kinesiophobia, further research is needed in this area.
Topics: Humans; Kinesiophobia; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Knee Joint
PubMed: 38445336
DOI: 10.61409/V06230382 -
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Oct 2023Hikikomori is a common phenomenon reported in Japan and many other countries. However, the broad trends of the research publications on hikikomori are unclear....
AIMS
Hikikomori is a common phenomenon reported in Japan and many other countries. However, the broad trends of the research publications on hikikomori are unclear. Therefore, this study examined the patterns of research on hikikomori using bibliometric analysis.
METHODS
Relevant publications were searched in Web of Science. Bibliometric analyses were performed with CiteSpace, R and VOSviewer.
RESULTS
In total, 297 publications on hikikomori met the eligibility criteria. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry (IF = 10.461) published the most papers (K = 17, or 5.7%) on hikikomori. Takahiro A. Kato from Kyushu University (41; 13.8%; H-index = 18) was the most influential author, while Takahiro A. Kato (total link strength [TLS]: 235), Alan R. Teo (TLS: 157), and Masaru Tateno (TLS: 153) separately had the strongest research collaboration with other researchers. Of all countries that published on hikikomori, Japan had the highest number of publications (K = 91). The keywords "United States" and "psychiatric diagnosis" received the most attention between 2013 and 2015, whereas "health" and "autism spectrum disorder" received the most attention in 2021 and 2022.
CONCLUSIONS
Peer-reviewed research publications on hikikomori are growing rapidly and the research trends in this field are also changing.
Topics: Humans; Phobia, Social; Bibliometrics; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Japan
PubMed: 37350640
DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13573 -
Behaviour Research and Therapy Sep 2023Considerable work has advanced understanding of the nature, causes, management, and prevention of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents over the past 30 years.... (Review)
Review
Considerable work has advanced understanding of the nature, causes, management, and prevention of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents over the past 30 years. Prior to this time the primary focus was on school refusal and specific phobias. It is now recognised that children and adolescents experience the full gamut of anxiety disorders in very similar ways to adults and that anxiety disorders in the paediatric years can predict a lifelong mental-health struggle. Given the vast array of specific studies in this field, the current review summarises current knowledge about these high prevalence disorders, points to overarching limitations, and suggests potentially important future directions. Following a brief historical overview, the review summarises knowledge about demographic and epidemiological characteristics, distal and proximal risk factors, current treatment directions, and prevention. There is still a great deal to learn about the causes and treatments of child and adolescent anxiety disorders. By amalgamating our current knowledge, this review provides a window to the research directions that are likely to lead to future advances.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Adolescent; Anxiety Disorders; Phobic Disorders; Risk Factors; Prevalence
PubMed: 37499294
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104376 -
Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) May 2024
Topics: Humans; Phobic Disorders
PubMed: 38740398
DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2024.2.20230127