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Journal of Speech, Language, and... Nov 2023Capturing phonation types such as breathy, modal, and pressed voices precisely can facilitate the recognition of human emotions. However, little is known about how...
PURPOSE
Capturing phonation types such as breathy, modal, and pressed voices precisely can facilitate the recognition of human emotions. However, little is known about how exactly phonation types and decoders' gender influence the perception of emotional speech. Based on the modified Brunswikian lens model, this article aims to examine the roles of phonation types and decoders' gender in Mandarin emotional speech recognition by virtue of articulatory speech synthesis.
METHOD
Fifty-five participants (28 male and 27 female) completed a recognition task of Mandarin emotional speech, with 200 stimuli representing five emotional categories (happiness, anger, fear, sadness, and neutrality) and five types (original, copied, breathy, modal, and pressed). Repeated-measures analyses of variance were performed to analyze recognition accuracy and confusion data.
RESULTS
For male and female decoders, the recognition accuracy of anger from pressed stimuli and fear from breathy stimuli was high; across all phonation-type stimuli, the recognition accuracy of sadness was also high, but that of happiness was low. The confusion data revealed that in recognizing fear from all phonation-type stimuli, female decoders chose fear responses more frequently and neutral responses less frequently than male decoders. In recognizing neutrality from breathy stimuli, female decoders significantly reduced their choice of neutral responses and misidentified neutrality as anger, while male decoders mistook neutrality from pressed stimuli for anger.
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed that, in Mandarin, phonation types play crucial roles in recognizing anger, fear, and neutrality, while the recognition of sadness and happiness seems not to depend heavily on phonation types. Moreover, the decoders' gender affects their recognition of neutrality and fear. These findings support the modified Brunswikian lens model and have significance for diagnosis and intervention among clinical populations with hearing impairment or gender-related psychiatric disorders.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24302221.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Speech; Emotions; Fear; Anger; Happiness; Phonation; Facial Expression
PubMed: 37861384
DOI: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00356 -
Dysphagia Oct 2023Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder that can cause dysphagia and dysphonia. We studied upper esophageal sphincter (UES) function and vocal tests using...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder that can cause dysphagia and dysphonia. We studied upper esophageal sphincter (UES) function and vocal tests using high-resolution videomanometry (HRVM) in PD. Ten healthy volunteers and 20 patients with PD performed swallowings (5 ml and 10 ml) and vocal tests using HRVM synchronized to the vocal acoustic recording. Mean age of the Parkinson group was 68.7 ± 9.7 years and mean disease stage of 2.7 ± 1.1 (Hoehn & Yahr scale). In videofluoroscopy swallow study (VFSS) for 5 ml, laryngeal elevation was significantly reduced (p = 0.01) in PD and for 10 ml, anteriorization (p = 0.03), elevation (p = 0.03) and total displacement (p = 0.05) were reduced in PD. In high-resolution manometry (HRM) for both volumes, intrabolus pressure was significantly higher in PD (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.001) and a higher NADIR UES relaxation pressure and NADIR UES relaxation at pharyngeal peak contraction in PD (p = 0.00007 and p = 0.0003, p = 0.01 and p = 0.04), respectively. Vocal tests results showed differences between the groups, especially for larynx anteriorization with high pitch /a/ emission (p = 0.06) in VFSS and for UES length with high pitch /i/ with tongue protrusion (p = 0.07) in HRM. Our results demonstrated a reduced compliance and subtle changes in UES function in early and moderate PD stage. We also demonstrated using HRVM that vocal tests can affect UES function. The use of HRVM proved to be an important tool in the description of events related to phonation and swallowing, which can affect the rehabilitation of patients with PD.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Parkinson Disease; Deglutition Disorders; Deglutition; Manometry; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper
PubMed: 36884091
DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10566-1 -
The Laryngoscope Oct 2023This study examined the effects of a combination corticosteroid plus long-acting beta -adrenergic agonist inhaler (IC) on rabbit phonation.
OBJECTIVES
This study examined the effects of a combination corticosteroid plus long-acting beta -adrenergic agonist inhaler (IC) on rabbit phonation.
METHODS
White New Zealand male rabbits were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups (n = 11 per group). The experimental group received twice-daily doses of Advair HFA™ (fluticasone propionate 45 mcg and salmeterol 21 mcg) via a veterinary facemask with 1-way valve and spacer; the control group received aerosolized saline. After 8 weeks, animals were euthanized, larynges excised, frozen, and subsequently thawed and mounted on a standard bench apparatus. Phonation was elicited during 15 successive trials, and phonation threshold pressure (PTP; cmH O) and flow (PTF; L/min) were quantified.
RESULTS
Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated significant differences between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). Mean PTP and PTF values were higher (worse) for rabbits that received Advair HFA™.
CONCLUSION
Following 8-week exposure to ICs, rabbit larynges required greater air pressure and flow to initiate phonation. Because even modest phonation onset differences can have a meaningful clinical impact on voice function, these findings suggest that LABA ICs may put patients at risk for voice disorders. Furthermore, these voice disorders may occur within a relatively short timeframe. The results from this study have important clinical implications for voice care in those who use ICs.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
NA Laryngoscope, 133:2680-2686, 2023.
Topics: Rabbits; Male; Animals; Fluticasone-Salmeterol Drug Combination; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Voice Disorders; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Phonation; Administration, Inhalation
PubMed: 36757019
DOI: 10.1002/lary.30585 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Sep 2023The purpose of this study is to review the current literature on the effect of hypovitaminosis D on voice. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to review the current literature on the effect of hypovitaminosis D on voice.
STUDY DESIGN
Narrative review.
METHODS
The literature search from electronic databases included PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Search terms included voice, voice quality, voice disorders, larynx, laryngology, acoustic analysis, vitamin D, calcitriol, cholecalciferol, vitamin D deficiency, and vitamin D insufficiency. All studies on patients with vitamin D deficiency, which included subjective and objective voice assessments, were reviewed.
RESULTS
A total of 39 studies were retrieved. Only four studies met the above-mentioned inclusion criteria and hence were included in this review. The total number of subjects analyzed was 466. The subjective voice outcome measures used were the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10), self-reported phonatory symptoms, and the GRBAS scale. Objective voice outcome measures included fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D deficiency has no significant effect on laryngeal muscles. There was no statistically significant difference in VHI-10 score, self-reported dysphonia, perceptual voice evaluation scores, or any of the acoustic measures between those with or without vitamin D deficiency.
PubMed: 37661522
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.08.004 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Nov 2023Transgender individuals strive to match their voice and gender identity. An increased glottal gap is often noted on stroboscopy without a clear etiology. We hypothesize...
PURPOSE
Transgender individuals strive to match their voice and gender identity. An increased glottal gap is often noted on stroboscopy without a clear etiology. We hypothesize this gap can be quantified and results from hormone replacement therapy impacting laryngeal tissues.
METHODS
Videostroboscopy exams were retrospectively collected for transgender patients from a tertiary care laryngology practice over two years. Data included hormone duration/type and voice therapy duration. Modal pitch videostroboscopy frame counts determined the open quotient in consecutive vocal fold cycles. Glottal opening was measured using the widest still frame gap during stroboscopy with fully adducted arytenoids.
RESULTS
Sixteen transgender patients, along with male and female controls, were included, with 15 patients on hormone therapy (mean = 18 months). Voice therapy, employed in 9/16 patients, ranged from 0 to 23 months (mean = 10.67). One-way ANOVA testing revealed a difference between the open quotient in transgender individuals, males, and females.Tukey's post hoc test identified transgender patients as different from both male (P <0.001) and female (P = 0.037) controls. Length of hormone therapy did not correlate to glottal area measurement or open quotient. Conversely, voice therapy length correlated to increased glottal area (Kendall's Tau = 0.03). Mean phonation time, VHI-10, and mean pitch did not correlate to measured glottal area on stroboscopy.
CONCLUSIONS
The increased glottal gap noted in many transgender patients, quantified via the open quotient, differs from male and female controls. Results suggest these findings may correlate to duration of voice therapy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Transgender Persons; Vocal Cords; Retrospective Studies; Gender Identity; Hormones; Phonation; Stroboscopy
PubMed: 34452779
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.06.026 -
Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology Dec 2023This study aimed to classify the degree of edema in patients with Reinke's edema (RE) and examine its impact on their voice parameters using both objective and...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to classify the degree of edema in patients with Reinke's edema (RE) and examine its impact on their voice parameters using both objective and subjective assessment methods.
METHODS
Objective and subjective voice data of 104 patients diagnosed with RE between 2018 and 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. RE is classified into 4 groups (types 1, 2, 3, and 4). The evaluation included videolaryngostroboscopic examination, acoustic voice analysis, and aerodynamic measurements, GRBAS, Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10), Voice-Related Quality of Life Scale (V-RQOL), and Reflux Septum Index (RSI).
RESULTS
Patients with type 1 RE had a significantly lower mean age than those with types 3-4. Although there were no significant differences in acoustic and aerodynamic parameters between the groups, it was observed that F0 and the maximum phonation time decreased as the degree of edema increased. The GRBASTotal, G, and R scores of types 1 and 2 were significantly lower than those of types 3 and 4, as were the scores of type 1 S. There were no statistically significant differences between the RE groups in terms of VHI-10, V-RQOL, and RSI scores.
CONCLUSION
It has been observed that as the severity of RE increases, voice perception and quality (especially types 3 and 4) are negatively affected. Determining the degree of edema will guide the clinician in both the planning of the intervention phase and the follow-up phase.
PubMed: 38784955
DOI: 10.4274/tao.2023.2023-8-10 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Nov 2023The main objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of persistent dysphonia in hospitalised COVID-19 patients.
INTRODUCTION
The main objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of persistent dysphonia in hospitalised COVID-19 patients.
METHODS
Data were collected from those COVID-19 patients who, during the months of March to April 2020, were hospitalised in ward or intensive care unit at the University Hospital of Fuenlabrada. Patients with dysphonia prior to SARS-CoV-2 were excluded. Informed consent was obtained orally by a telephone call, as well as clinical and epidemiological data. Patients who reported persistent dysphonia were assessed using the Voice Handicap Index 10, the maximum phonation time, the s/z ratio and a fibrolaryngoscope examination. Patients who reported persistent dysphagia were assessed with the Eating Assessment Tool 10.
RESULTS
A total of 79 patients were included in the study (48 men and 31 women). 10 ICU patients (25%) and 4 ward patients (10,3%) had dysphonia at least 3 months after hospital discharge, but no association was found between ICU admission and the presence of persistent dysphonia (P = 0.139). Persistent dysphonia in patients admitted to the ICU is associated with persistent dysphagia (P = 0.002), also the age of patients with persistent dysphonia is significantly higher than the age of non-dysphonic patients (P = 0.046). The most frequent exploratory finding was vocal cord paresis/paralysis (60.4%).
CONCLUSION
This is one of the first studies to show that persistence of dysphonia may be a consequence of COVID-19, so further studies are needed to assess the evolution and prognosis of these patients and the possible association of dysphonia with the severity of the disease.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Dysphonia; COVID-19; Deglutition Disorders; SARS-CoV-2; Vocal Cord Paralysis
PubMed: 34384660
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.07.001