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Journal of Hazardous Materials May 2024This study introduces an innovative strategy for the rapid and accurate identification of pesticide residues in agricultural products by combining surface-enhanced Raman...
This study introduces an innovative strategy for the rapid and accurate identification of pesticide residues in agricultural products by combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with a state-of-the-art transformer model, termed SERSFormer. Gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized and served as high-performance SERS substrates, which possess well-defined structures, uniform dispersion, and a core-shell composition with an average diameter of 21.44 ± 4.02 nm, as characterized by TEM-EDS. SERSFormer employs sophisticated, task-specific data processing techniques and CNN embedders, powered by an architecture features weight-shared multi-head self-attention transformer encoder layers. The SERSFormer model demonstrated exceptional proficiency in qualitative analysis, successfully classifying six categories, including five pesticides (coumaphos, oxamyl, carbophenothion, thiabendazole, and phosmet) and a control group of spinach data, with 98.4% accuracy. For quantitative analysis, the model accurately predicted pesticide concentrations with a mean absolute error of 0.966, a mean squared error of 1.826, and an R score of 0.849. This novel approach, which combines SERS with machine learning and is supported by robust transformer models, showcases the potential for real-time pesticide detection to improve food safety in the agricultural and food industries.
Topics: Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Spinacia oleracea; Machine Learning; Metal Nanoparticles; Silver; Gold; Pesticides; Food Contamination; Pesticide Residues
PubMed: 38593663
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134208 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024The spotted-wing drosophila, (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a pest that reduces the productivity of small fruits. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and...
The spotted-wing drosophila, (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a pest that reduces the productivity of small fruits. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and chemical insecticides can suppress this pest, but the compatibility of the two approaches together requires further examination. This laboratory study evaluated the compatibility of IBCBn 06, IBCBn 02, IBCBn 24, and HB with ten chemical insecticides registered for managing pupae. In the first study, most insecticides at the recommended rate did not reduce the viability (% of living infective juveniles (IJs)) of and both species. The viability of was lowered by exposure to spinetoram, malathion, abamectin, azadirachtin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, and spinetoram after 48 h. During infectivity bioassays, phosmet was compatible with all the EPNs, causing minimal changes in infectivity (% pupal mortality) and efficiency relative to EPN-only controls, whereas lambda-cyhalothrin generally reduced infectivity of EPNs on pupae the most, with a 53, 75, 57, and 13% reduction in infectivity efficiency among , and , respectively. The second study compared pupal mortality caused by the two most compatible nematode species and five insecticides in various combinations. Both species caused 78-79% mortality among pupae when used alone, and were tested in combination with spinetoram, malathion, azadirachtin, phosmet, or novaluron at a one-quarter rate. Notably, caused 79% mortality on pupae when used alone, and 89% mortality when combined with spinetoram, showing an additive effect. Novaluron drastically reduced the number of progeny IJs when combined with by 270 IJs and by 218. Any adult flies that emerged from EPN-insecticide-treated pupae had a shorter lifespan than from untreated pupae. The combined use of and compatible chemical insecticides was promising, except for novaluron.
PubMed: 38475479
DOI: 10.3390/plants13050632 -
Journal of Food Science Apr 2024In recent years, concerns have been raised regarding the contamination of grapes with pesticide residues. As consumer demand for safer food products grows, regular...
In recent years, concerns have been raised regarding the contamination of grapes with pesticide residues. As consumer demand for safer food products grows, regular monitoring of pesticide residues in food has become essential. This study sought to develop a rapid and sensitive technique for detecting two specific pesticides (phosmet and paraquat) present on the grape surface using the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method. Gold nanostars (AuNS) particles were synthesized, featuring spiky tips that act as hot spots for localized surface plasmon resonance, thereby enhancing Raman signals. Additionally, the roughened surface of AuNS increases the surface area, resulting in improved interactions between the substrate and analyte molecules. Prominent Raman peaks of mixed contaminants were acquired and used to characterize and quantify the pesticides. It was observed that the SERS intensity of the Raman peaks changed in proportion to the concentration ratio of phosmet and paraquat. Moreover, AuNS exhibited superior SERS enhancement compared to gold nanoparticles. The results demonstrate that the lowest detectable concentration for both pesticides on grape surfaces is 0.5 mg/kg. These findings suggest that SERS coupled with AuNS constitutes a practical and promising approach for detecting and quantifying trace contaminants in food. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research established a novel surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method coupled with a simplified extraction protocol and gold nanostar substrates to detect trace levels of pesticides in fresh produce. The detection limits meet the maximum residue limits set by the EPA. This substrate has great potential for rapid measurements of chemical contaminants in foods.
Topics: Pesticide Residues; Vitis; Gold; Phosmet; Paraquat; Metal Nanoparticles; Pesticides; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 38380711
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16986 -
Biosensors & Bioelectronics Oct 2023Conventional rapid detection methods are difficult to identify or distinguish various pesticide residues at the same time. And sensor arrays are also limited by the...
Conventional rapid detection methods are difficult to identify or distinguish various pesticide residues at the same time. And sensor arrays are also limited by the complexity of preparing multiple receptors and high cost. To address this challenge, a single material with multiple properties is considered. Herein, we first found that different categories of pesticides have diverse regulatory behaviors on the multiple catalytic activities of Asp-Cu nanozyme. Thus, a three-channel sensor array based on the laccase-like, peroxidase-like, and superoxide dismutase-like activities of Asp-Cu nanozyme was constructed and successfully used for the discrimination of eight kinds of pesticides (glyphosate, phosmet, isocarbophos, carbaryl, pentachloronitrobenzene, metsulfuron-methyl, etoxazole, and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid). In addition, a concentration-independent model for qualitative identification of pesticides has been established, and 100% correctness was achieved in the recognition of unknown samples. Then, the sensor array also exhibited excellent interference immunity and was reliable for real sample analysis. It provided a reference for pesticide efficient detection and food quality supervision.
Topics: Pesticides; Biosensing Techniques; Pesticide Residues; Peroxidase; Phosmet
PubMed: 37311405
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115458 -
Microscopy Research and Technique Jun 2024Microscopic techniques can be applied to solve taxonomic problems in the field of plant systematic and are extremely versatile in nature. This study was focused on the...
Microscopic techniques can be applied to solve taxonomic problems in the field of plant systematic and are extremely versatile in nature. This study was focused on the new approaches to visualizing the imaging, tool to cover the micro-structural techniques applied to the pollen study of flowers. The current research was proposed to evaluate microscopic pollen morphological attributes using light and scanning electron microscopy of herbaceous flora from Samarkand, Uzbekistan. A total of 13 herbaceous species, classified into 11 different families were collected, pressed, and identified, and then acetolyzed their pollen to visualize under light and scanning electron microscopy. Herbaceous flora can be characterized by small to very large-sized pollen morphotypes presenting four types of pollen shapes, prolate spheroidal (six species), spheroidal (three species) and prolate and oblate (two species each). The polar diameter and equatorial distance were calculated maximum in Hibiscus syriacus 110.55 and 111.2 μm respectively. Pollen of six different types was found namely tricolporate pollen observed in seven species, tricolpate and pantoporate in two species each, sulcate in Gagea olgae and hexacolpate pollen was examined in Salvia rosmarinus. Exine ornamentation of pollen was examined tectate perforate, verrucate-reticulate, micro-reticulate, reticulate, reticulate-cristatum, gemmate-echinate, echinate-perforate, perforate-striate, rugulate, rugulate-striate, bi-reticulate, reticulate-perforate and perforate-micro-reticulate showing great variations. Exine thickness was noted highest for Rosa canina 2.9 μm and minimum in Punica granatum 0.65 μm. This study of pollen imaging visualization of herbaceous flora contributes to the opportunity for the taxonomic evaluation of and fills knowledge gaps in studies of herbaceous flora identification using classical microscopic taxonomic tools for their accurate identification. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Pollen in unexplored herbaceous flora of the Samarkand region was studied with light and scanning electron microscopic pollen study. There is a high variation in observed pollen micromorphological characters. Pollen microscopic morphology has important taxonomic value for the identification of herbaceous species.
Topics: Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Phosmet; Pollen; Flowers
PubMed: 38299712
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24508 -
Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the... Jan 2024This study used three-dimensional (3D) modelling to investigate scleral profiles in myopic eyes and compare them with emmetropic eyes. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
This study used three-dimensional (3D) modelling to investigate scleral profiles in myopic eyes and compare them with emmetropic eyes.
METHODS
In this prospective observational study, the eyes of 151 participants were analysed using the corneoscleral profile module (CSP) of the Pentacam HR. Non-rotationally symmetrical ellipsoids were fitted to the anterior scleral sagittal height. Three radii were analysed, namely the nasal-temporal (Rx), superior-inferior (Ry) and anterior-posterior (Rz) orientations. Additionally, the area index (AI) and aspherical parameters (Qxy, Qxz and Qyz) of the anterior sclera-fitted ellipsoid (ASFE) were quantified.
RESULTS
The findings showed an increase in Rx (-0.349 mm/D), Ry (-0.373 mm/D), Rz (-1.232 mm/D) and AI (-36.165 mm /D) with increasing myopia. From emmetropia to high myopia, the vertical and horizontal planes of the anterior sclera became increasingly prolate (emmetropia, Qxz: 0.02, Qyz: 0.01; low myopia, Qxz: -0.28, Qyz: -0.28; high myopia, Qxz: -0.41, Qyz: -0.43). There were no significant differences in the coronal plane across the three groups (H = 2.65, p = 0.27). The anterior scleral shape of high myopes in the horizontal and vertical planes was more prolate than that of emmetropes and low myopes (Qxz, high myopes vs. low myopes: p = 0.03, high myopes vs. emmetropes: p < 0.001; Qyz, high myopes vs. low myopes: p = 0.04, high myopes vs. emmetropes: p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
As the degree of myopia increased, non-uniform anterior scleral enlargement was observed. These findings provide a better understanding of the anterior segment with varying degrees of myopia.
Topics: Humans; Sclera; Phosmet; Myopia; Emmetropia; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 37811684
DOI: 10.1111/opo.13235 -
The Science of the Total Environment Apr 2024Wildflower plantings adjacent to agricultural fields provide diverse floral resources and nesting sites for wild bees. However, their proximity to pest control...
Wildflower plantings adjacent to agricultural fields provide diverse floral resources and nesting sites for wild bees. However, their proximity to pest control activities in the crop may result in pesticide exposure if pesticides drift into pollinator plantings. To quantify pesticide residues in pollinator plantings, we sampled flowers and soil from pollinator plantings and compared them to samples from unenhanced field margins and crop row middles. At conventionally managed farms, flowers from pollinator plantings had similar exposure profiles to those from unenhanced field margins or crop row middles, with multiple pesticides and high and similar risk quotient (RQ) values (with pollinator planting RQ: 3.9; without pollinator planting RQ: 4.0). Whereas samples from unsprayed sites had significantly lower risk (RQ: 0.005). Soil samples had overall low risk to bees. Additionally, we placed bumble bee colonies (Bombus impatiens) in field margins of crop fields with and without pollinator plantings and measured residues in bee-collected pollen. Pesticide exposure was similar in pollen from sites with or without pollinator plantings, and risk was generally high (with pollinator planting RQ: 0.5; without pollinator planting RQ: 1.1) and not significant between the two field types. Risk was lower at sites where there was no pesticide activity (RQ: 0.3), but again there was no significant difference between management types. The insecticide phosmet, which is used on blueberry farms for control of Drosophila suzukii, accounted for the majority of elevated risk. Additionally, analysis of pollen collected by bumble bees found no significant difference in floral species richness between sites with or without pollinator plantings. Our results suggest that pollinator plantings do not reduce pesticide risk and do not increase pollen diversity collected by B. impatiens, further highlighting the need to reduce exposure through enhanced IPM adoption, drift mitigation, and removal of attractive flowering weeds prior to insecticide applications.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Pesticides; Blueberry Plants; Insecticides; Pollen; Soil; Pollination
PubMed: 38402956
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171248 -
Mikrochimica Acta May 2024A novel electrochemical sensor, MIP/Cu-MOF/rGO/AuNPs/GCE, was developed by depositing gold nanoparticles, coating Cu-MOF/GO on the surface of glassy carbon electrode...
A novel electrochemical sensor, MIP/Cu-MOF/rGO/AuNPs/GCE, was developed by depositing gold nanoparticles, coating Cu-MOF/GO on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) before electroreducing graphene oxide (GO) to rGO and covering molecularly imprinted membrane by electropolymerization for highly sensitive detection of electroneutral organophosphorus pesticide residues in agricultural product. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltametry, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the imprinted sensor. Several key factors such as chitosan concentration, suspension volume, pH of polymerization solution, and polymerization scanning rate during preparation of the imprinted sensor were optimized in detail. When electroneutral phosmet was used as a template, the linear range of MIP/Cu-MOF/rGO/AuNPs/GCE for detecting phosmet was 1.00 × 10-5.00 × 10 mol/L with the limit of detection of 7.20 × 10 mol/L at working potentials of - 0.2 to 0.6 V. The selectivity, reproducibility, and repeatability of MIP/Cu-MOF/rGO/AuNPs/GCE were all acceptable. The recoveries of this method for determining phosmet in real samples ranged from 94.2 to 106.5%. The MIP/Cu-MOF/rGO/AuNPs/GCE sensor could be applied to detect electroneutral pesticide residues in organisms and agricultural products.
PubMed: 38780645
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06420-2 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024In this research, a method was developed for fabricating Au-Au nanorod array substrates through the deposition of large-area Au nanostructures on an Au nanorod array...
In this research, a method was developed for fabricating Au-Au nanorod array substrates through the deposition of large-area Au nanostructures on an Au nanorod array using a galvanic cell reaction. The incorporation of a granular structure enhanced both the number and intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) hot spots on the substrate, thereby elevating the SERS performance beyond that of substrates composed solely of an Au nanorod. Calculations using the finite difference time domain method confirmed the generation of a strong electromagnetic field around the nanoparticles. Motivated by the electromotive force, Au ions in the chloroauric acid solution were reduced to form nanostructures on the nanorod array. The size and distribution density of these granular nanostructures could be modulated by varying the reaction time and the concentration of chloroauric acid. The resulting Au-Au nanorod array substrate exhibited an active, uniform, and reproducible SERS effect. With 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene as the probe molecule, the detection sensitivity of the Au-Au nanorod array substrate was enhanced to 10 M, improving by five orders of magnitude over the substrate consisting only of an Au nanorod array. For a practical application, this substrate was utilized for the detection of pesticides, including thiram, thiabendazole, carbendazim, and phosmet, within the concentration range of 10 to 5 × 10 M. An analytical model combining a random forest and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, referring to the important variable-one-dimensional convolutional neural network model, was developed for the precise identification of thiram. This approach demonstrated significant potential for biochemical sensing and rapid on-site identification.
PubMed: 38668211
DOI: 10.3390/nano14080717