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International Journal of Medical... 2023Repeated low-level red-light (RLRL), characterized by increased energy supply and cellular metabolism, thus enhancing metabolic repair processes, has gained persistent... (Review)
Review
Repeated low-level red-light (RLRL), characterized by increased energy supply and cellular metabolism, thus enhancing metabolic repair processes, has gained persistent worldwide attention in recent years as a new novel scientific approach for therapeutic application in myopia. This therapeutic revolution led by RLRL therapy is due to significant advances in bioenergetics and photobiology, for instance, enormous progresses in photobiomodulation regulated by cytochrome oxidase, the primary photoreceptor of the light in the red to near infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, as the primary mechanism of action in RLRL therapy. This oxidase is also a key mitochondrial enzyme for cellular bioenergetics, especially for the nerve cells in the retina and brain. In addition, dopamine (DA)-enhanced release of nitric oxide may also be involved in controlling myopia by activation of nitric oxide synthase, enhancing cGMP signaling. Recent evidence has also suggested that RLRL may inhibit myopia progression by inhibiting spherical equivalent refraction (SER) progression and axial elongation without adverse effects. In this review, we provide scientific evidence for RLRL therapy as a unique paradigm to control myopia and support the theory that targeting neuronal energy metabolism may constitute a major target for the neurotherapeutics of myopia, with emphasis on its molecular, cellular, and nervous tissue levels, and the potential benefits of RLRL therapy for myopia.
Topics: Humans; Myopia; Retina; Refraction, Ocular; Dopamine; Low-Level Light Therapy
PubMed: 37786442
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.85746 -
Photochemistry and Photobiology 2023
PubMed: 37737331
DOI: 10.1111/php.13847 -
Annual Review of Microbiology Jun 2024Widespread phytochrome photoreceptors use photoisomerization of linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophores to measure the ratio of red to far-red light. Cyanobacteria also... (Review)
Review
Widespread phytochrome photoreceptors use photoisomerization of linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophores to measure the ratio of red to far-red light. Cyanobacteria also contain distantly related cyanobacteriochrome (CBCR) proteins that share the bilin-binding GAF domain of phytochromes but sense other colors of light. CBCR photocycles are extremely diverse, ranging from the near-UV to the near-IR. Photoisomerization of the bilin triggers photoconversion of the CBCR input, thereby modulating the biochemical signaling state of output domains such as histidine kinase bidomains that can interface with cellular signal transduction pathways. CBCRs thus can regulate several aspects of cyanobacterial photobiology, including phototaxis, metabolism of cyclic nucleotide second messengers, and optimization of the cyanobacterial light-harvesting apparatus. This review examines spectral tuning, photoconversion, and photobiology of CBCRs and recent developments in understanding their evolution and in applying them in synthetic biology.
PubMed: 38848579
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041522-094613 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Photobiology is a challenging research area that aims to explore the interactions between light and living organisms and their biological consequences, with applications...
Photobiology is a challenging research area that aims to explore the interactions between light and living organisms and their biological consequences, with applications in the fields of photomedicine, photo(nano)technology, photosynthesis, and photosensory biology [...].
Topics: Photobiology; Photosynthesis; Light
PubMed: 38542185
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063209 -
Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research Nov 2023Understanding individuals' skin pigmentation and photosensitivity is important in judging risk of skin cancer and response to certain treatment modalities. However,... (Review)
Review
Understanding individuals' skin pigmentation and photosensitivity is important in judging risk of skin cancer and response to certain treatment modalities. However, individuals with darkly pigmented skin are poorly represented in the widely used Fitzpatrick skin phototype (FST) system. Moreover, the FST system is prone to misuse, as it relies on subjective patient and clinician assessment of skin type, and does not clearly differentiate pigmentation from photosensitivity. By evaluating the key literature surrounding the FST system, its criticisms and proposed alternatives, this review serves to understand how skin phototype classification can be optimised.
Topics: Humans; Skin; Photosensitivity Disorders; Skin Pigmentation; Skin Neoplasms; Pigmentation Disorders
PubMed: 37550876
DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13110 -
Biophysical Reviews Oct 2023This special issue of Biophysical Reviews contains the materials presented at the VII Congress of Biophysicists of Russia, held from 17 to 23 April in Krasnodar. We...
This special issue of Biophysical Reviews contains the materials presented at the VII Congress of Biophysicists of Russia, held from 17 to 23 April in Krasnodar. We believe that we have managed to prepare a selection of articles that well reflects the current state of biophysical science in Russia and its place in the world science. The VII Russian Congress on Biophysics was held in Krasnodar in April 2023, continuing the tradition of the series of biophysics conferences held every 4 years. The congress discussed physical principles and mechanisms of biological processes occurring at different life levels-from molecular to cellular and population levels. The results of fundamental and applied research in molecular biophysics, cell biophysics, and biophysics of complex systems were presented at plenary, sectional, and poster sessions. The works in the field of medical biophysics and neurobiology were especially widely presented. The structure and dynamics of biopolymers and fundamental mechanisms underlying the effects of physicochemical factors on biological systems, membrane, and transport processes were actively discussed. Much attention was paid to new experimental methods of biophysical research, methods of bioinformatics, computer, and mathematical modeling as necessary tools of the research at all levels of living systems. Along with fundamental problems of studying biophysical mechanisms of regulation of processes at the molecular, subcellular, and cellular levels, much attention was paid to applied research in the field of biotechnology and environmental monitoring. The Congress has formed the National Committee of Russian biophysicists.
PubMed: 37975012
DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01164-4 -
Drug Delivery and Translational Research Aug 2023Light-responsive biomaterials can be used for the delivery of therapeutic drugs and nucleic acids, where the tunable/precise delivery of payload highlights the potential... (Review)
Review
Light-responsive biomaterials can be used for the delivery of therapeutic drugs and nucleic acids, where the tunable/precise delivery of payload highlights the potential of such biomaterials for treating a variety of conditions. The translucency of eyes and advances of laser technology in ophthalmology make light-responsive delivery of drugs feasible. Importantly, light can be applied in a non-invasive fashion; therefore, light-triggered drug delivery systems have great potential for clinical impact. This review will examine various types of light-responsive polymers and the chemistry that underpins their application as ophthalmic drug delivery systems.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Drug Delivery Systems; Polymers
PubMed: 35751001
DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01196-5 -
Plant & Cell Physiology May 2024The formation of chloroplasts can be traced back to an ancient event in which a eukaryotic host cell containing mitochondria ingested a cyanobacterium. Since then,... (Review)
Review
The formation of chloroplasts can be traced back to an ancient event in which a eukaryotic host cell containing mitochondria ingested a cyanobacterium. Since then, chloroplasts have retained many characteristics of their bacterial ancestor, including their transcription and translation machinery. In this review, recent research on the maturation of rRNA and ribosome assembly in chloroplasts is explored, along with their crucial role in plant survival and their implications for plant acclimation to changing environments. A comparison is made between the ribosome composition and auxiliary factors of ancient and modern chloroplasts, providing insights into the evolution of ribosome assembly factors. Although the chloroplast contains ancient proteins with conserved functions in ribosome assembly, newly evolved factors have also emerged to help plants acclimate to changes in their environment and internal signals. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast ribosome assembly and highlights the importance of this process in plant survival, acclimation and adaptation.
Topics: Ribosomes; Chloroplasts; RNA, Ribosomal; Plants
PubMed: 37498958
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad082 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Feb 2024Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an emerging treatment modality in dermatology with increasing office and home-based use. PBM is the use of various light sources in the red... (Review)
Review
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an emerging treatment modality in dermatology with increasing office and home-based use. PBM is the use of various light sources in the red light (620-700 nm) and near-infrared (700-1440 nm) spectrum as a form of light therapy. PBM is often administered through low-level lasers or light-emitting diodes. Studies show that PBM can be used effectively to treat conditions secondary to cancer therapies, alopecia, ulcers, herpes simplex virus, acne, skin rejuvenation, wounds, and scars. PBM offers patients many benefits compared to other treatments. It is noninvasive, cost-effective, convenient for patients, and offers a favorable safety profile. PBM can be used as an alternative or adjuvant to other treatment modalities including pharmacotherapy. It is important for dermatologists to gain a better clinical understanding of PBM for in-office administration and to counsel patients on proper application for home-use devices to best manage safety and expectations as this technology develops. PBM wavelengths can induce varied biological effects in diverse skin types, races, and ethnicities; therefore, it is also important for dermatologists to properly counsel their skin of color patients who undergo PBM treatments. Future clinical trials are necessary to produce standardized recommendations across conditions and skin types.
PubMed: 38307144
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.074 -
The New Phytologist Nov 2023Light signals are perceived by photoreceptors, triggering the contrasting developmental transition in dark-germinated seedlings. Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs)...
Light signals are perceived by photoreceptors, triggering the contrasting developmental transition in dark-germinated seedlings. Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are key regulators of this transition. Despite their prominent functions in transcriptional activation, little is known about PIFs' roles in transcriptional repression. Here, we provide evidence that histone acetylation is involved in regulating phytochrome-PIFs signaling in Arabidopsis. The histone deacetylase HDA19 interacts and forms a complex with PIF1 and PIF3 and the Mediator subunit MED25. The med25/hda19 double mutant mimics and enhances the phenotype of pif1/pif3 in both light and darkness. HDA19 and MED25 are recruited by PIF1/PIF3 to the target loci to reduce histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility, providing a mechanism for PIF1/PIF3-mediated transcriptional repression. Furthermore, MED25 forms liquid-like condensates, which can compartmentalize PIF1/PIF3 and HDA19 in vitro and in vivo, and the number of MED25 puncta increases in darkness. Collectively, our study establishes a mechanism wherein PIF1/PIF3 interact with HDA19 and MED25 to mediate transcriptional repression in the phytochrome signaling pathway and suggests that condensate formation with Mediator may explain the distinct and specific transcriptional activity of PIF proteins.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Histone Deacetylases; Histones; Light; Phytochrome; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 37606175
DOI: 10.1111/nph.19205