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Khirurgiia 2024To justify the optimal method for determining indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (PDR).
OBJECTIVE
To justify the optimal method for determining indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (PDR).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We analyzed PDR in intensive care units. Indocyanine green was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg. PDR was analyzed simultaneously by using of three methods: 1) PDD (PiCCO2 LiMON device), 2) SBS with analysis of plasma samples on precise spectrophotometer, 3) SBS with analysis of plasma samples on simple experimental photometer.
RESULTS
PDD method was used for 346 PDR tests in 256 patients. Of these, 14.3% of measurements were erroneous. Paired tests using PDD and SBS methods were performed in 299 cases. SBS method resulted erroneous data in 0.6% of cases. Certain correlation (=0.79, <0.001) was found between the reference method (SBS with spectrophotometry) and the PDD method. Bland-Altman plot for these two methods showed that proportional bias of mean difference was caused by extremely high PDR of the PDD method (for example, more than 30%/min). Comparison of two SBS variants (spectrophotometer and experimental photometer) revealed good correlation (=0.91, <0.001).
CONCLUSION
SBS method for measuring PDR ensures accurate results under mechanical interferences in patients with impaired capillary blood flow. This eliminates the need for redo measurement. Duplication of the PDD and SBS methods is recommended when repeating the test is not possible (organ donors).
Topics: Humans; Indocyanine Green; Coloring Agents; Densitometry; Hemodynamics; Intensive Care Units
PubMed: 38380459
DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia20240225 -
Food and Nutrition Bulletin Mar 2024Despite the emergence of diverse programs in Mexico to address anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in disadvantaged groups, progress on reducing their prevalence has...
BACKGROUND
Despite the emergence of diverse programs in Mexico to address anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in disadvantaged groups, progress on reducing their prevalence has stagnated. In Mexico, anemia surveillance at the population level is conducted through the National Health and Nutrition Survey ENSANUT (for its acronym in Spanish).
OBJECTIVE
To overview the trends in anemia and iron deficiency (ID) from 1999 to 2018-19 in the Mexican population before COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
Data from five nationwide surveys in Mexico were used. Where available, data on anemia, ID, and ID anemia (IDA) were extracted from ENSANUTs 1999, 2006, 2012, 2016, and 2018-19 in participants from 1 to 99 years old. Blood sample collection methods were similar across surveys (1999-2018) where capillary drop blood was used to estimate Hb using a HemoCue and serum blood samples to measure ferritin and C-reactive protein concentration.
RESULTS
The trend in anemia prevalence shows a U-shape from 1999 to 2018-19 in <60 years old. In older adults (≥60 years), an increasing trend was observed. Anemia declined progressively from 1999 to 2012 but increased from 2016 to 2018-19 in comparison with 2012. In contrast, ID declined from 2006 to 2018-19, mainly in children, while IDA did not change over this period. In older adults, ID prevalence remained constant over time.
CONCLUSIONS
The shifting trend in anemia prevalence across ENSANUTs 1999 through 2018-19 did not mimic the decreasing trend of ID over the same period of time. Other noncausal factors seem to play an important role in the variability of hemoglobin measurements.
Topics: Humans; Mexico; Child, Preschool; Adult; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Child; Infant; Young Adult; Male; Female; Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Prevalence; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia; Iron Deficiencies; COVID-19; Ferritins
PubMed: 38661355
DOI: 10.1177/03795721241240014 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023The problem of sky pollution with artificial light currently affects practically all branches that are related to the broadly understood environment. This is especially...
The problem of sky pollution with artificial light currently affects practically all branches that are related to the broadly understood environment. This is especially true for astronomical observations. This paper presents the results of measurements of the surface brightness of the night sky for the city of Rzeszów and the surrounding area, which were made in 2015, 2018 and 2021 using the photometer Sky Quality Meter (SQM-L). The measurements show that the surface brightness of the night sky in Rzeszów in 2015 was in the range from 19.20 to 18.67 mag/arcsec, in 2018 the value of brightness oscillated in the range from 18.53 to 16.47 mag/arcsec, and in 2021 this value was in the range from 17.13 by 15.11 mag/arcsec. Translating the obtained values on the Bortle scale, we can see an increase in the brightness of the night sky from class VI in 2015 to class IX in 2021. A similar trend applies to neighboring towns, for which an increase in brightness from class IV in 2015 to class VIII in 2021 was also observed. An increase in the surface brightness of the night sky causes a deterioration or even loss of visibility of astronomical objects in the night sky. This is especially true for comets and low-brightness stars. Based on the measurement results, a forecast of the development of light pollution was prepared for the study areas until 2025. This forecast shows that we will still have to deal with an increase in the surface brightness of the night sky. Due to the further projected increase in the brightness of the night sky, it should be expected that observers in small towns will experience changes in the quality of the sky over the coming years, which will undoubtedly make astronomical observations difficult, in particular for faint celestial bodies such as comets.
PubMed: 37816866
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44423-w -
Environmental Geochemistry and Health Mar 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the status of trace metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn) and health and carcinogenic risk associated then in the Ebolowa...
Health risk and pollution associated with trace metals in the waters of the Ebolowa municipal lake basin (Central Africa): evidence from hydrochemistry, quality indices, and statistical analyses.
The aim of this study was to investigate the status of trace metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn) and health and carcinogenic risk associated then in the Ebolowa Municipal Lake (EML) basin. To this end, 21 water samples were collected from the EML and its two tributaries, Mfoumou and Bengo'o, and analyzed by Quantofix method (nanocolors and visiocolor ECO) by using the MACHEREY-NAGEL photometer. The data were processed using multivariate statistics. The results showed that all the physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, and TDS), with the exception of TDS, comply with were within WHO limits. The distribution of trace metals at the three sites investigated was as follows: Zn (80-400 ± 1.58 µg/L) > Cu (50-150 ± 9.38 µg/L) > Fe (10-40 ± 0.71 µg/L) > Pb (1-20 ± 3.02 µg/L) > As (1-9 ± 0.44 µg/L) > Ni (1-9 ± 1.48 µg/L). However, the highest values were observed in the EML and the Mfoumou River, where Pb pollution was noted. Statistical analysis showed that anthropogenic inputs increase the presence of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Trace Metal Pollution Index values were below 15 at all sites, illustrating low levels of pollution. The trace metal evaluation index values for the Bengo'o stream are pure (mean = 0.6), slightly affected in the Mfoumou stream (mean = 2.0), and moderately affected in the EML (mean = 2.2). The toxicity load index values illustrate that the waters studied are toxic. The non-carcinogenic (HI) and carcinogenic (CR) health risk index values suggest a risk linked to oral ingestion in the LME and Mfoumou watercourses. The latter appears to be the main source of allochthonous pollutant input to the EML.
Topics: Metals, Heavy; Lakes; Lead; Environmental Pollution; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Carcinogens; Trace Elements; Risk Assessment; Africa, Central; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 38520486
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01947-y -
Environment International Mar 2024A reliable determination of equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations derived from filter absorption photometers (FAPs) measurements depends on the appropriate...
A reliable determination of equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations derived from filter absorption photometers (FAPs) measurements depends on the appropriate quantification of the mass absorption cross-section (MAC) for converting the absorption coefficient (b) to eBC. This study investigates the spatial-temporal variability of the MAC obtained from simultaneous elemental carbon (EC) and b measurements performed at 22 sites. We compared different methodologies for retrieving eBC integrating different options for calculating MAC including: locally derived, median value calculated from 22 sites, and site-specific rolling MAC. The eBC concentrations that underwent correction using these methods were identified as LeBC (local MAC), MeBC (median MAC), and ReBC (Rolling MAC) respectively. Pronounced differences (up to more than 50 %) were observed between eBC as directly provided by FAPs (NeBC; Nominal instrumental MAC) and ReBC due to the differences observed between the experimental and nominal MAC values. The median MAC was 7.8 ± 3.4 m g from 12 aethalometers at 880 nm, and 10.6 ± 4.7 m g from 10 MAAPs at 637 nm. The experimental MAC showed significant site and seasonal dependencies, with heterogeneous patterns between summer and winter in different regions. In addition, long-term trend analysis revealed statistically significant (s.s.) decreasing trends in EC. Interestingly, we showed that the corresponding corrected eBC trends are not independent of the way eBC is calculated due to the variability of MAC. NeBC and EC decreasing trends were consistent at sites with no significant trend in experimental MAC. Conversely, where MAC showed s.s. trend, the NeBC and EC trends were not consistent while ReBC concentration followed the same pattern as EC. These results underscore the importance of accounting for MAC variations when deriving eBC measurements from FAPs and emphasize the necessity of incorporating EC observations to constrain the uncertainty associated with eBC.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Environmental Monitoring; Aerosols; Seasons; Soot; Carbon; Particulate Matter
PubMed: 38460240
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108553 -
Pancreatology : Official Journal of the... Feb 2024Although the risk of complications due to postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) have been evaluated based on the amylase level in drained ascitic fluid, this method...
OBJECTIVES
Although the risk of complications due to postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) have been evaluated based on the amylase level in drained ascitic fluid, this method has much room for improvement regarding diagnostic accuracy and facility of the measurement. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of measuring pancreatic chymotrypsin activity for rapid and accurate prediction of POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
METHODS
In 52 consecutive patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, the chymotrypsin activity in pancreatic juice was measured by calculating the increase in fluorescence intensity during the first 5 min after activation with an enzyme-activatable fluorophore. The predictive value for clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF) was compared between this technique and the conventional method based on the amylase level.
RESULTS
According to receiver operating characteristic analyses, pancreatic chymotrypsin activity on postoperative day (POD) 3 measured with a multiplate reader had the highest predictive value for CR-POPF (area under the curve [AUC], 0.752; P < 0.001), yielding 77.8 % sensitivity and 68.8 % specificity. The AUC and sensitivity/specificity of the amylase level in ascitic fluid on POD 3 were 0.695 (P = 0.053) and 77.8 %/41.2 %, respectively. Multivariable analysis identified high pancreatic chymotrypsin activity on POD 3 as an independent risk factor for CR-POPF. Measurement of pancreatic chymotrypsin activity with a prototype portable fluorescence photometer could significantly predict CR-POPF (AUC, 0.731; P = 0.010).
CONCLUSION
Measurement of pancreatic chymotrypsin activity enabled accurate and rapid prediction of CR-POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy. This can help surgeons to implement appropriate drain management at the patient's bedside without delay.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatic Fistula; Chymotrypsin; Pancreas; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Risk Factors; Postoperative Complications; Drainage; Amylases; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38061979
DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.11.017 -
Forensic Science, Medicine, and... Jan 2024Vitreous humour (VH) is routinely collected for toxicological analyses. However, only a few studies have examined its possible use in genotyping. Because of its...
Vitreous humour (VH) is routinely collected for toxicological analyses. However, only a few studies have examined its possible use in genotyping. Because of its isolation from the rest of the body, later onset of postmortem changes, and availability, VH could be a potential source of DNA for postmortem identification and other molecular analyses in forensic genetics. During forensic autopsies, samples of different VH volumes (5 ml, 4 ml, 3 ml, 2 ml, 1 ml, and 0.5 ml) were taken from 66 cadavers 24-48 h after death. DNA was also isolated from the samples immediately after collection and after a specific time of storage (1, 2, and 6 months). DNA was isolated using phenol‒chloroform‒isoamyl alcohol (PCI), and the yield and purity of the obtained DNA were determined spectrophotometrically using a FastGene NanoView Photometer. The integrity of the isolated DNA molecule was determined by PCR amplification of the hTERT (113 bp) gene. The results showed that VH could be a reliable source of genetic material for forensic analysis, and the method used for DNA extraction was effective. The yield of the isolated DNA ranged from 6.20 to 609.5 ng/µl, and the purity of the samples was 1.24-2.34. The isolated DNA concentration and integrity depend on the sample volume, but the DNA purity does not. It is also shown that DNA can be extracted from VH samples that have been stored for up to 6 months at - 20 °C. Therefore, using VH can be a valuable material for DNA identification.
PubMed: 38170325
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00760-w -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Mar 2024India has a high burden of anemia among the South Asian countries. Anemia has been extensively studied in the female and child population, with less attention given to...
INTRODUCTION
India has a high burden of anemia among the South Asian countries. Anemia has been extensively studied in the female and child population, with less attention given to males. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of anemia among males residing in an urban area and associated social determinants.
METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 males (during September and October 2021) in an urban area of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. A portable hemoglobin photometer was used to detect the prevalence of anemia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect details on social determinants of anemia such as dietary practice, education, income, and sanitary practices.
RESULTS
The mean age of study participants was 34 ± 5.23 years. The prevalence of overall anemia among men was 20.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.9-25.3%), with moderate and severe anemia being 5.7% (95% CI: 3.3-8.9%) and 1% (95% CI: 0.2-2.9%), respectively. Belonging to a lower socioeconomic class (odds ratio [OR] = 6.50, < 0.05) and consuming more than two cups of tea (OR = 7.28, < 0.05) were significantly associated with anemia.
CONCLUSION
Our study depicts a high burden of anemia among males. Health education on the role of dietary factors contributing to anemia needs to be emphasized with special focus on the frequency of tea intake. Primary care physicians can include screening for anemia in their routine practice for men belonging to lower socioeconomic groups. Consideration should be made to include male populations also under the National Anemia Control program.
PubMed: 38736782
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1575_23 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jul 2023This research shows the size composition of airborne dust fractions in selected dairy barns down to the smallest particles, including factors that influence this...
This research shows the size composition of airborne dust fractions in selected dairy barns down to the smallest particles, including factors that influence this composition. Measurements with a Dust-Track 8530 laser photometer took place in the summer at external temperatures of 29.5 to 36 °C. In barns with straw bedding, the average total dust concentration TDC was 66.98 ± 28.38 μg·m (PM 60.11 ± 19.93 μg·m, PM 49.48 ± 13.76 μg·m, PM 44.78 ± 10.18 μg·m, and PM 38.43 ± 9.29 μg·m). In barns without straw bedding, the average TDC was 55.91 ± 36.6 μg·m, PM 33.71 ± 13.86 μg·m, PM 30.69 ± 15.29 μg·m, PM 27.02 ± 13.38 μg·m, and PM 22.93 ± 10.48 μg·m. The largest TDC of 108.09 ± 32.93 μg·m (PM 69.80 ± 18.70 μg·m, PM 68.20 ± 18.41 μg·m, PM 53.27 ± 14.73 μg·m, and PM 38.46 ± 5.55 μg·m) was measured in an old cowshed with stanchion housing for 113 cows, straw bedding, and ventilation through windows. In a modern cowshed for loose housing of 440 lactating cows without straw bedding, with natural ventilation and 24 axial fans, TDC was 53.62 ± 49.52 μg·m, PM 20.91 ± 5.24 μg·m, PM 17.11 ± 3.23 μg·m, PM 13.71 ± 0.92 μg·m, and PM 12.69 ± 2.82 μg·m. In all investigated barns, a large proportion of airborne dust particles (54.38 ± 20.82% of TDC) consists of the smallest PM dust particles (from 12.69 ± 2.82 μg·m to 48.48 ± 1.18 μg·m).
PubMed: 37508099
DOI: 10.3390/ani13142322 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Aerosols play a crucial role in the surface radiative budget by absorbing and scattering both shortwave and longwave radiation. While most aerosol types exhibit a...
Aerosols play a crucial role in the surface radiative budget by absorbing and scattering both shortwave and longwave radiation. While most aerosol types exhibit a relatively minor longwave radiative forcing when compared to their shortwave counterparts, dust aerosols stand out for their substantial longwave radiative forcing. In this study, radiometers, a sun photometer, a microwave radiometer and the parameterization scheme for clear-sky radiation estimation were integrated to investigate the radiative properties of aerosols. During an event in Xianghe, North China Plain, from 25 April to 27 April 2018, both the composition (anthropogenic aerosol and dust) and the aerosol optical depth (AOD, ranging from 0.3 to 1.5) changed considerably. A notable shortwave aerosol radiative effect (SARE) was revealed by the integrated system (reaching its peak at -131.27 W·m on 26 April 2018), which was primarily attributed to a reduction in direct irradiance caused by anthropogenic aerosols. The SARE became relatively consistent over the three days as the AODs approached similar levels. Conversely, the longwave aerosol radiative effect (LARE) on the dust days ranged from 8.94 to 32.93 W·m, significantly surpassing the values measured during the days of anthropogenic aerosol pollution, which ranged from 0.35 to 28.67 W·m, despite lower AOD values. The LARE increased with a higher AOD and a lower Ångström exponent (AE), with a lower AE having a more pronounced impact on the LARE than a higher AOD. It was estimated that, on a daily basis, the LARE will offset approximately 25% of the SARE during dust events and during periods of heavy anthropogenic pollution.
PubMed: 38257489
DOI: 10.3390/s24020397