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International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Natural ingredients have been used for centuries for skin treatment and care. Interest in the health effects of plants has recently increased due to their safety and... (Review)
Review
Natural ingredients have been used for centuries for skin treatment and care. Interest in the health effects of plants has recently increased due to their safety and applicability in the formulation of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Long-known plant materials as well as newly discovered ones are increasingly being used in natural products of plant origin. This review highlights the beneficial effects of plants and plant constituents on the skin, including moisturizing (e.g., , , and ), anti-aging (e.g., , , and ), antimicrobial (e.g., and ), antioxidant (e.g., , , and ), anti-inflammatory (e.g., , , , , and ), regenerative (e.g., , , , and ), wound healing (e.g., , , , and ), photoprotective (e.g., , , and ) and anti-tyrosinase activity (e.g., , , , and ), as well as their role as excipients in cosmetics (coloring (e.g., , , and ), protective and aromatic agents (e.g., , , and )).
Topics: Plant Extracts; Skin; Cosmetics; Skin Care
PubMed: 37895122
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015444 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Exposure to sun radiation leads to higher risk of sunburn, pigmentation, immunosuppression, photoaging and skin cancer. In addition to ultraviolet radiation (UVR),... (Review)
Review
Exposure to sun radiation leads to higher risk of sunburn, pigmentation, immunosuppression, photoaging and skin cancer. In addition to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), recent research indicates that infrared radiation (IR) and visible light (VIS) can play an important role in the pathogenesis of some of these processes. Detrimental effects associated with sun exposure are well known, but new studies have shown that DNA damage continues to occur long after exposure to solar radiation has ended. Regarding photoprotection strategies, natural substances are emerging for topical and oral photoprotection. In this sense, Fernblock, a standardized aqueous extract of the fern (PLE), has been widely administered both topically and orally with a strong safety profile. Thus, this extract has been used extensively in clinical practice, including as a complement to photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treating actinic keratoses (AKs) and field cancerization. It has also been used to treat skin diseases such as photodermatoses, photoaggravated inflammatory conditions and pigmentary disorders. This review examines the most recent developments in the clinical application of Fernblock and assesses how newly investigated action mechanisms may influence its clinical use.
PubMed: 37511888
DOI: 10.3390/life13071513 -
Biomolecules Jul 2023Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), which include basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and actinic keratosis (AK), are the most common cancer... (Review)
Review
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), which include basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and actinic keratosis (AK), are the most common cancer diseases in the Caucasian race. If diagnosed late and improperly treated, BCC and SCC can become locally advanced and metastasize. Malignant melanoma (MM) is less frequent but more lethal than NMSC. Given the individual and social burdens of skin cancers, performing an adequate prevention is needed. Ultraviolet (UV) ray exposure is one of the main risk factors for skin cancer. Thus, the first-choice prevention strategy is represented by photoprotection that can be both topical and systemic. The latter consists of the oral administration of molecules which protect human skin against the damaging effects of UV rays, acting through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or immunomodulator mechanisms. Although several compounds are commonly used for photoprotection, only a few molecules have demonstrated their effectiveness in clinical trials and have been included in international guidelines for NMSC prevention (i.e., nicotinamide and retinoids). Moreover, none of them have been demonstrated as able to prevent MM. Clinical and preclinical data regarding the most common compounds used for systemic photoprotection are reported in this review, with a focus on the main mechanisms involved in their photoprotective properties.
Topics: Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Melanoma; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Keratosis, Actinic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Syndrome; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 37509103
DOI: 10.3390/biom13071067 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Skin pigmentation ensures efficient photoprotection and relies on the pigment melanin, which is produced by epidermal melanocytes and transferred to surrounding... (Review)
Review
Skin pigmentation ensures efficient photoprotection and relies on the pigment melanin, which is produced by epidermal melanocytes and transferred to surrounding keratinocytes. While the molecular mechanisms of melanin synthesis and transport in melanocytes are now well characterized, much less is known about melanin transfer and processing within keratinocytes. Over the past few decades, distinct models have been proposed to explain how melanin transfer occurs at the cellular and molecular levels. However, this remains a debated topic, as up to four different models have been proposed, with evidence presented supporting each. Here, we review the current knowledge on the regulation of melanin exocytosis, internalization, processing, and polarization. Regarding the different transfer models, we discuss how these might co-exist to regulate skin pigmentation under different conditions, i.e., constitutive and facultative skin pigmentation or physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, we discuss recent evidence that sheds light on the regulation of melanin exocytosis by melanocytes and internalization by keratinocytes, as well as how melanin is stored within these cells in a compartment that we propose be named the melanokerasome. Finally, we review the state of the art on the molecular mechanisms that lead to melanokerasome positioning above the nuclei of keratinocytes, forming supranuclear caps that shield the nuclear DNA from UV radiation. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms regulating skin pigmentation, from melanin exocytosis by melanocytes and internalization by keratinocytes to processing and polarization within keratinocytes. A better knowledge of these molecular mechanisms will clarify long-lasting questions in the field that are crucial for the understanding of skin pigmentation and can shed light on fundamental aspects of organelle biology. Ultimately, this knowledge can lead to novel therapeutic strategies to treat hypo- or hyper-pigmentation disorders, which have a high socio-economic burden on patients and healthcare systems worldwide, as well as cosmetic applications.
Topics: Humans; Melanins; Melanocytes; Keratinocytes; Epidermis; Skin Pigmentation; Melanosomes
PubMed: 37511054
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411289 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Dec 2023Supplementation of micronutrients is considered to be crucial in the reinforcement of the skin's barrier. In this paper, 14 nutritional compounds commonly used in food... (Review)
Review
Supplementation of micronutrients is considered to be crucial in the reinforcement of the skin's barrier. In this paper, 14 nutritional compounds commonly used in food or pharmaceutic industries were analyzed in terms of influencing skin conditions. The major objective of this paper was to provide a narrative review of the available literature regarding several chosen compounds that are currently widely recommended as supplements that aim to maintain proper and healthy skin conditions. We conducted a review of the literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until September 2023 without any other restrictions regarding the year of the publication. Ultimately, we reviewed 238 articles, including them in this review. Each of the reviewed compounds, including vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, curcumin, chlorella, Omega-3, biotin,, , gamma oryzanol, olive leaf extract, spirulina, and astaxanthin, was observed to present some possible effects with promising benefits for a skin condition, i.e., photoprotective radiation. Adding them to the diet or daily routine might have a positive influence on some skin inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. Further, UV radiation protection facilitated by some supplements and their impact on human cells might be helpful during chemotherapy or in preventing melanoma development. Further research is needed because of the lack of clear consensus regarding the doses of the described compounds that could provide desirable effects on the skin.
Topics: Humans; Chlorella; Skin; Dietary Supplements; Psoriasis; Vitamins
PubMed: 38256329
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010068 -
Photochemical & Photobiological... Oct 2023Topical sunscreen application is one of the most important photoprotection tool to prevent sun damaging effects in human skin at the short and long term. Although its... (Review)
Review
Topical sunscreen application is one of the most important photoprotection tool to prevent sun damaging effects in human skin at the short and long term. Although its efficacy and cosmeticity have significantly improved in recent years, a better understanding of the biological and clinical effects of longer wavelength radiation, such as long ultraviolet A (UVA I) and blue light, has driven scientists and companies to search for effective and safe filters and substances to protect against these newly identified forms of radiation. New technologies have sought to imbue sunscreen with novel properties, such as the reduction of calorific radiation. Cutaneous penetration by sunscreens can also be reduced using hydrogels or nanocrystals that envelop the filters, or by binding filters to nanocarriers such as alginate microparticles, cyclodextrins, and methacrylate polymers. Finally, researchers have looked to nature as a source of healthier products, such as plant products (e.g., mycosporines, scytonemin, and various flavonoids) and even fungal and bacterial melanin, which could potentially be used as substitutes or enhancers of current filters.
Topics: Humans; Sunscreening Agents; Ultraviolet Rays; Skin; Sunlight; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 37543534
DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00453-x -
International Journal of Cosmetic... Oct 2023Skin cancer continues to increase in incidence year-on-year and represents the most common form of cancer across the globe. Every human undergoes premature ageing,... (Review)
Review
Skin cancer continues to increase in incidence year-on-year and represents the most common form of cancer across the globe. Every human undergoes premature ageing, particularly on the face, neck and hands. Both phenomena are driven primarily by chronic, daily exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). While sunscreen products play a primary role in the prevention of UVR skin damage, the active ingredients, i.e., UVR filters, are facing unprecedented challenges in the coming 10 years and their future is by no means certain. This article, therefore, reviews afresh the facts around photoprotection and the role of sunscreen products in the prevention of acute (sunburn) and chronic (cancer, photoageing) skin damage and compares/contrasts these with various emerging questions and opinions around UVR filter technology. We present a passionate defence of this remarkable technology, but also attempt to imagine a world without it.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Sunscreening Agents; Ultraviolet Rays; Endangered Species; Sunburn; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 37799079
DOI: 10.1111/ics.12902 -
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual Oct 2023Functional foods, defined as whole foods that provide health benefits beyond their nutritional value, may provide multiple dermatologic benefits. Research studies have... (Review)
Review
Functional foods, defined as whole foods that provide health benefits beyond their nutritional value, may provide multiple dermatologic benefits. Research studies have documented multiple benefits, including enhanced skin barrier function, improved wound healing, radiance, photoprotection, and hormonal regulation. Although the majority of research to date has involved small-scale human interventions or animal models, promising findings have been noted. A number of potential molecular mechanisms have been described, such as the ability of some foods to combat oxidative stress and thus reduce visible and histologic skin changes in response to UV radiation. Additional mechanisms have been described for wound healing, photo-carcinogenesis, and other outcomes. In this review, we discuss the potential dermatologic role of functional foods in order to advocate for larger-scale, evidence-based, human studies to expand this promising field.
PubMed: 37992371
DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1304a256