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Journal of Optometry 2023To analyse the scientific evidence about the efficacy of Syntonic phototherapy for producing changes in visual function. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To analyse the scientific evidence about the efficacy of Syntonic phototherapy for producing changes in visual function.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review was performed to obtain studies on the effects of Syntonic phototherapy on vision. A search in health science databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO) for studies published between 1980 and 2022 was conducted in accordance with the principles of Cochrane approach. The search identified 197 articles. Only clinical studies which used the Syntonic phototherapy as a vision therapy for any visual condition were included. Clinical cases and case series were excluded. Following the inclusion criteria, 8 clinical studies met inclusion, 5 of them being pseudo-experimental studies with an equivalent control group and 3 pre-post pseudo-experimental studies. GRADE tool was used to assess the certainty of the evidence of the studies. The GRADE evidence profile for the studies through the Soft table was made to analyse data.
RESULTS
The studies analysed seven outcomes: visual symptoms, functional visual fields, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, deviation (phoria/tropia), stereopsis and reading abilities. Finding table about results (Soft Table) showed that for all outcomes reviewed, all studies yielded very low certainty of evidence. Results revealed a lack of scientific evidence of the efficacy of Syntonic optometric phototherapy to produce changes in the visual function.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review found no consistent evidence for the efficacy of Syntonic phototherapy to cause changes in visual function. There is no scientific evidence to support its clinical use for treating any type of visual anomalies.
Topics: Humans; Phototherapy; Visual Acuity; Vision Disorders; Contrast Sensitivity; Vision, Low
PubMed: 37230932
DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2023.03.002 -
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 2023Despite the growing number of different therapeutic options, treatment of depression is still a challenge. A broader perspective reveals the benefits of bright light... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Despite the growing number of different therapeutic options, treatment of depression is still a challenge. A broader perspective reveals the benefits of bright light therapy (BLT). It stimulates intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which induces a complex cascade of events, including alterations in melatonergic, neurotrophic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic systems, and HPA axis, suggesting that BLT effects expand beyond the circadian pacemaker.
AREAS COVERED
In this review, the authors present and discuss recent data of BLT in major depressive disorder, non-seasonal depression, bipolar depression or depressive phase of bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder, as well as in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The authors further highlight BLT effects in various depressive disorders compared to placebo and report data from several studies suggesting a response to BLT in TRD. Also, the authors report data showing that BLT can be used both as a monotherapy or in combination with other pharmacological treatments.
EXPERT OPINION
BLT is an easy-to-use and low-budget therapy with good tolerability. Future studies should focus on clinical and biological predictors of response to BLT, on defining specific populations which may benefit from BLT and establishing treatment protocols regarding timing, frequency, and duration of BLT.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depression; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Phototherapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37882458
DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2273396 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Apr 2024Glioblastoma (GBM), deep in the brain, is more challenging to diagnose and treat than other tumors. Such challenges have blocked the development of high-impact...
Glioblastoma (GBM), deep in the brain, is more challenging to diagnose and treat than other tumors. Such challenges have blocked the development of high-impact therapeutic approaches that combine reliable diagnosis with targeted therapy. Herein, effective cyanine dyes (IRLy) with the near-infrared two region (NIR-II) adsorption and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) have been developed via an "extended conjugation & molecular rotor" strategy for multimodal imaging and phototherapy of deep orthotopic GBM. IRLy was synthesized successfully through a rational molecular rotor modification with stronger penetration, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and a high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) up to ∼60%, which can achieve efficient NIR-II photo-response. The multifunctional nanoparticles (Tf-IRLy NPs) were further fabricated to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) introducing transferrin (Tf) as a targeting ligand. Tf-IRLy NPs showed high biosafety and good tumor enrichment for GBM in vitro and in vivo, and thus enabled accurate, efficient, and less invasive NIR-II multimodal imaging and photothermal therapy. This versatile Tf-IRLy nanosystem can provide a reference for the efficient, precise and low-invasive multi-synergistic brain targeted photo-theranostics. In addition, the "extended conjugation & molecular rotor" strategy can be used to guide the design of other photothermal agents.
Topics: Humans; Glioblastoma; Phototherapy; Neoplasms; Brain; Blood-Brain Barrier; Coloring Agents; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 38490374
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.020 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jun 2024Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) spans wavelengths between 1,000 to 1,700 nanometers, featuring deep tissue penetration and reduced tissue scattering and absorption... (Review)
Review
Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) spans wavelengths between 1,000 to 1,700 nanometers, featuring deep tissue penetration and reduced tissue scattering and absorption characteristics, providing robust support for cancer treatment and tumor imaging research. This review explores the utilization of activatable NIR-II photodiagnosis and phototherapy based on tumor microenvironments (e. g., reactive oxygen species, pH, glutathione, hypoxia) and external stimulation (e. g., laser, ultrasound, photothermal) for precise tumor treatment and imaging. Special emphasis is placed on the advancements and advantages of activatable NIR-II nanomedicines in novel therapeutic modalities like photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and photoacoustic imaging. This encompasses achieving deep tumor penetration, real-time monitoring of the treatment process, and obtaining high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio images even at low material concentrations. Lastly, from a clinical perspective, the challenges faced by activatable NIR-II phototherapy are discussed, alongside potential strategies to overcome these hurdles.
Topics: Humans; Nanostructures; Infrared Rays; Neoplasms; Phototherapy; Animals; Tumor Microenvironment; Photochemotherapy; Photoacoustic Techniques; Reactive Oxygen Species; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 38613472
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400816 -
Biomaterials Aug 2023Cancer is a complex pathological phenomenon that needs to be treated from different aspects. Herein, we developed a size/charge dually transformable nanoplatform (PDR...
Cancer is a complex pathological phenomenon that needs to be treated from different aspects. Herein, we developed a size/charge dually transformable nanoplatform (PDR NP) with multiple therapeutic and immunostimulatory properties to effectively treat advanced cancers. The PDR NPs exhibit three different therapeutic modalities (chemotherapy, phototherapy and immunotherapy) that can be used to effectively treat primary and distant tumors, and reduce recurrent tumors; the immunotherapy is simultaneously activated by three major pathways, including toll-like receptor, stimulator of interferon genes and immunogenic cell death, effectively suppresses the tumor development in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. In addition, PDR NPs show size and charge responsive transformability in the tumor microenvironment, which overcomes various biological barriers and efficiently delivers the payloads into tumor cells. Taking these unique characteristics together, PDR NPs effectively ablate primary tumors, activate strong anti-tumor immunity to suppress distant tumors and reduce tumor recurrence in bladder tumor-bearing mice. Our versatile nanoplatform shows great potential for multimodal treatments against metastatic cancers.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Cell Line, Tumor; Nanoparticles; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms; Phototherapy; Immunotherapy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37172536
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122145 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2024Light profoundly influences human physiology, behaviour and cognition by affecting various functions through light-sensitive cells in the retina. Light therapy has... (Review)
Review
Light profoundly influences human physiology, behaviour and cognition by affecting various functions through light-sensitive cells in the retina. Light therapy has proven effective in treating seasonal depression and other disorders. However, designing appropriate control conditions for light-based interventions remains a challenge. This article presents a novel framework for selecting, implementing and evaluating control conditions in light studies, offering theoretical foundations and practical guidance. It reviews the fundamentals of photoreception and discusses control strategies such as dim light, darkness, different wavelengths, spectral composition and metameric conditions. Special cases like dynamic lighting, simulated dawn and dusk, complex interventions and studies involving blind or visually impaired patients are also considered. The practical guide outlines steps for selection, implementation, evaluation and reporting, emphasizing the importance of α-opic calculations and physiological validation. In conclusion, constructing effective control conditions is crucial for demonstrating the efficacy of light interventions in various research scenarios.
Topics: Humans; Cognition; Phototherapy; Research Design
PubMed: 38329797
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2298875 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Jul 2023Phototherapy (PT), including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has recently achieved significant advances in antitumor and antiinfection... (Review)
Review
Phototherapy (PT), including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has recently achieved significant advances in antitumor and antiinfection therapy. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), as a novel noninvasive therapy with a deeper penetration depth (>8 cm), fewer side effects and non-phototoxicity than PT, has drawn much attention in recent years. However, both PT and SDT have intrinsic limitations. By combining PT with SDT, the dualmodel therapy with advanced sensitizers overcome the intrinsic limitations and show higher efficacy than traditional monotherapy. Moreover, the photo-diagnosis modality could be easily integrated into synergistic therapy so that the sensitizer acts as a tracer for fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging, and the treatment process is visualized in a way that SDT combined with other therapies cannot achieve. This review summarizes the advanced sensitizers and the application of combination therapy, and explores the improvement strategies for promoting clinical transformation.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Phototherapy; Photochemotherapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Ultrasonic Therapy
PubMed: 37286136
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.05.041 -
EBioMedicine Sep 2023Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a promising cancer therapy combining NIR-light irradiation with an antibody and IR700DX, a light-sensitive substance, to...
BACKGROUND
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a promising cancer therapy combining NIR-light irradiation with an antibody and IR700DX, a light-sensitive substance, to destroy tumours. However, homogeneous irradiation is difficult because the light varies depending on the distance and tissue environment. Therefore, markers that indicate sufficient irradiation are necessary. Nanoparticles sized 10∼200 nm show enhanced permeation and retention within tumours, which is further enhanced via NIR-PIT (super enhanced permeability and retention, SUPR). We aimed to monitor the effectiveness of NIR-PIT by measuring SUPR.
METHODS
A xenograft mouse tumour model was established by inoculating human cancer cells in both buttocks of Balb/C-nu/nu mice, and NIR-PIT was performed on only one side. To evaluate SUPR, fluorescent signal examination was performed using QD800-fluorescent nanoparticles and NIR-fluorescent poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (NIR-PLGA) microparticles. Harmonic signals were evaluated using micro-bubbles of the contrast agent Sonazoid and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging. The correlation between SUPR immediately after treatment and NIR-PIT effectiveness on the day after treatment was evaluated.
FINDINGS
QD800 fluorescent signals persisted only in the treated tumours, and the intensity of remaining signals showed high positive correlation with the therapeutic effect. NIR-PLGA fluorescent signals and Sonazoid-derived harmonic signals remained for a longer time in the treated tumours than in the controls, and the k value of the two-compartment model correlated with NIR-PIT effectiveness.
INTERPRETATION
SUPR measurement using Sonazoid and CEUS imaging could be easily adapted for clinical use as a therapeutic image-based biomarker for monitoring and confirming of NIR-PIT efficacy.
FUNDING
This research was supported by ARIM JAPAN of MEXT, the Program for Developing Next-generation Researchers (Japan Science and Technology Agency), KAKEN (18K15923, 21K07217) (JSPS), CREST (JPMJCR19H2, JST), and FOREST-Souhatsu (JST). Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research; Takeda Science Foundation; The Japan Health Foundation; and Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund. Funders only provided financial support and had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, and writing of the report.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Cell Line, Tumor; Phototherapy; Oxides; Immunotherapy; Coloring Agents; Ultrasonography; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 37558554
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104737 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023This study aimed to establish the cost-effectiveness of home phototherapy versus hospital phototherapy treating hyperbilirubinemia in neonates more than 36 weeks. Based... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
This study aimed to establish the cost-effectiveness of home phototherapy versus hospital phototherapy treating hyperbilirubinemia in neonates more than 36 weeks. Based on clinical results from a randomised controlled trial showing that home phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates is as effective as hospital phototherapy, we performed a cost-minimisation analysis to identify the most cost-effective alternative. We included costs for health care resource use as well as costs for transportation in connection with re-visits. The cost per patient was €337 for home phototherapy compared with €1156 for the hospital alternative indicating average cost savings of €819 (95% confidence interval €613-1025) or 71% per patient. Transportation and outpatient costs were higher in the home treatment group and hospital care costs were higher in the hospital group. Sensitivity analysis shows that results are robust also when allowing for uncertainty. Home phototherapy for neonates more than 36 weeks costs less than in-hospital phototherapy while being equally effective, meaning that home phototherapy is a cost-effective alternative to hospital treatment for infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Trial registration NCT03536078 . Date of registration: 24/05/2018.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Bilirubin; Treatment Outcome; Phototherapy; Hyperbilirubinemia; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal
PubMed: 37400561
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37684-y -
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &... May 2024Vitiligo is characterized by depigmented patches resulting from loss of melanocytes. Phototherapy has emerged as a prominent treatment option for vitiligo, utilizing... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Vitiligo is characterized by depigmented patches resulting from loss of melanocytes. Phototherapy has emerged as a prominent treatment option for vitiligo, utilizing various light modalities to induce disease stability and repigmentation.
AIMS AND METHODS
This narrative review aims to explore the clinical applications and molecular mechanisms of phototherapy in vitiligo.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The review evaluates existing literature on phototherapy for vitiligo, analyzing studies on hospital-based and home-based phototherapy, as well as outcomes related to stabilization and repigmentation. Narrowband ultra-violet B, that is, NBUVB remains the most commonly employed, studied and effective phototherapy modality for vitiligo. Special attention is given to assessing different types of lamps, dosimetry, published guidelines, and the utilization of targeted phototherapy modalities. Additionally, the integration of phototherapy with other treatment modalities, including its use as a depigmenting therapy in generalized/universal vitiligo, is discussed. Screening for anti-nuclear antibodies and tailoring approaches for non-photo-adapters are also examined.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of phototherapy for vitiligo treatment. It underscores the evolving landscape of phototherapy and offers insights into optimizing therapeutic outcomes and addressing the challenges ahead. By integrating clinical evidence with molecular understanding, phototherapy emerges as a valuable therapeutic option for managing vitiligo, with potential for further advancements in the field.
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Ultraviolet Therapy; Phototherapy; Melanocytes; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38632705
DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12968