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Indian Journal of Occupational and... 2023The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between smartphone dependency and its effect on clinical tasks of nurses in educational and medical centers...
OBJECTIVES
The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between smartphone dependency and its effect on clinical tasks of nurses in educational and medical centers of Hamadan, in western Iran.
METHOD
In this cross-sectional study, 248 nurses were selected via the proportional allocation sampling method. The required data were collected using a self-report, reliable and validated questionnaire, covering patterns of smartphone use, smartphone dependency, effects of smartphone dependency, and influence of smartphone on the clinical performance of nurses. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The average age of the participants was 30.43 (± 5.68) years. The average smartphone dependency, effects of smartphone dependency, and clinical performance of the examined nurses were, respectively, 38.65 (20.93), 20.78 (13.90), and 29.48 (10.03). Clinical performance of nurses decreased with age ( = 0.02) and increase of smartphone dependency ( = 0.02), effects of smartphone dependency ( ≤ 0.001), and smartphone use while working ( ≤ 0.001). Higher work experience ( = 0.02) and the application of smartphone multiple capabilities ( = 0.02) had positive effects on the clinical performance of the examined nurses.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study indicated that using smartphones affects the clinical performance of nurses, and if not well managed, it can lead to some physical, psychological, and social problems for the individual nurse, patients, and society. Thus, training nurses and developing regulations for the use of smartphones in the workplace must be considered by the relevant authorities.
PubMed: 38390489
DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_107_22 -
The Diagnostic Workup, Screening, and Treatment Approaches for Patients with Delusional Infestation.Dermatology and Therapy Dec 2023Delusional infestation (DI) is a psychiatric disorder defined by the fixed, false belief that one has been infested by an organism without evidence to support this.... (Review)
Review
Delusional infestation (DI) is a psychiatric disorder defined by the fixed, false belief that one has been infested by an organism without evidence to support this. Patients may present with skin lesions and report abnormal cutaneous sensations. The diagnostic workup for patients presenting with delusional infestation is essential to ensuring accurate diagnosis in ruling out other explanations for symptoms and investigating potential secondary causes of DI. In addition to a comprehensive history and physical examination, laboratory workup should be considered depending on the clinical picture. Antipsychotic medications are the most common drugs used in management of adults with DI and tailor the choice of treatment according to patient characteristics. This article serves as a guide for dermatologists, psychiatrists, and other clinicians as it reviews the workup and screening that should be considered when managing a patient with delusional infestation and subsequent treatment protocols once the diagnosis has been made.
PubMed: 37872445
DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-01053-4 -
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Dec 2023We aimed to investigate the role of a lifestyle intervention and clinical and therapeutic factors for preventing weight gain in early breast cancer (BC) patients from...
Is weight gain preventable in women with early breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy? A real-world study on dietary pattern, physical activity, and body weight before and after chemotherapy.
PURPOSE
We aimed to investigate the role of a lifestyle intervention and clinical and therapeutic factors for preventing weight gain in early breast cancer (BC) patients from one week before to 12 months after chemotherapy.
METHODS
Dietary assessments were conducted by a trained dietician using a food-frequency questionnaire at each clinical assessment. Total energy, macronutrients intakes, and physical activity were estimated and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) for adherence to Mediterranean diet was calculated. At each follow-up visit, patients were provided with dietary advices according to Mediterranean and Italian guidelines by a registered dietician, after evaluation of their food records. The associations of clinical characteristics, dietary pattern, and physical activity with weight gain were evaluated by multiple logistic regression, with weight gain ≥5% from baseline value as a dichotomous dependent variable.
RESULTS
169 early BC patients who met all follow-up visits and provided complete data were included in the analysis. From baseline to last assessment, weight loss (≥5% decrease from baseline value), stable weight, and weight gain were observed in 23.1%, 58%, and 18.9% women, respectively. Overall, a 0.68 kg mean decrease in women's weight (-1.1% from baseline) was observed. The risk of gaining weight increased for having normal weight/underweight at baseline, receiving hormone therapy, MDS worsening, and physical activity decreasing from baseline to last assessment.
CONCLUSION
Providing simple suggestions on Mediterranean diet principles was effective for preventing weight gain in normal weight women and favoring weight loss in overweight and obese women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Weight Gain; Exercise; Weight Loss; Diet, Mediterranean; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 37695400
DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07095-8 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Common inputs synchronize various biological systems, including human physical and cognitive processes. This mechanism potentially explains collective human emotions in...
Common inputs synchronize various biological systems, including human physical and cognitive processes. This mechanism potentially explains collective human emotions in theater as unintentional behavioral synchronization. However, the inter-subject correlation of physiological signals among individuals is small. Based on findings on the common-input synchronization of nonlinear systems, we hypothesized that individual differences in perceptual and cognitive systems reduce the reliability of physiological responses to aesthetic stimuli and, thus, disturb synchronization. We tested this by comparing the inter- and intra-subject Pearson's correlation coefficients and nonlinear phase synchronization, calculated using instantaneous heart rate data measured while appreciating music. The results demonstrated that inter-subject correlations were consistently lower than intra-subject correlations, regardless of participants' music preferences and daily moods. Further, music-induced heart rate synchronization depends on the reliability of physiological responses to musical pieces rather than mood or motivation. This study lays the foundation for future empirical research on collective emotions in theater.
Topics: Humans; Music; Heart Rate; Male; Female; Adult; Young Adult; Emotions; Reproducibility of Results; Affect
PubMed: 38806616
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62994-0 -
Progres En Urologie : Journal de... Nov 2023Among couples consulting for infertility, there is a male component, either alone or associated with a female aetiology in around one in 2 cases. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Among couples consulting for infertility, there is a male component, either alone or associated with a female aetiology in around one in 2 cases.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Bibliographic search in PubMed using the keywords "male infertility", "diagnosis", "management" and "evaluation" limited to clinical articles in English and French prior to 1/01/2023.
RESULTS
The AFU recommends: (1) a complete medical history including: family history, patient history affecting fertility, lifestyle habits (toxicity), treatments, symptoms, sexual dysfunctions; (2) a physical examination including: BMI, signs of hypogonadism, secondary sexual characteristics, scrotal examination (volume and consistency of testes, vas deferens, epididymal or testicular nodules, presence of varicocele); (3) two spermograms, if abnormal on the first; (4) a systematic scrotal ultrasound,± an endorectal ultrasound depending on the clinic; (5) a hormonal work-up (testosterone, FSH; if testosterone is low: LH assay to differentiate between central or peripheral hypogonadism); (6) karyotype if sperm concentration≤10 million/mL; (7) evaluation of Y chromosome microdeletions if concentration≤1 million/mL; (8) evaluation of the CFTR gene in cases of suspected bilateral or unilateral agenesis of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles. The role and usefulness of direct and indirect tests to assess the effects of oxidative stress on sperm DNA will also be explained.
CONCLUSION
This review complements and updates the AFU/SALF 2021 recommendations.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Semen; Infertility, Male; Testis; Testosterone; Hypogonadism
PubMed: 38012906
DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2023.09.027 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Physical activity (PA) is of benefit and particularly important for cardiovascular disease risk factors as being sedentary becomes a lifestyle habit. Research into... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The Mediation and Moderation Effect Association among Physical Activity, Body-Fat Percentage, Blood Pressure, and Serum Lipids among Chinese Adults: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Surveys in 2015.
Physical activity (PA) is of benefit and particularly important for cardiovascular disease risk factors as being sedentary becomes a lifestyle habit. Research into Chinese complex association among physical activity, body-fat percentage (BF%), blood pressure, and serum lipids is limited. The present study is based on an observational study among adults (>18 years old) residing in fifteen provinces in China. Data of 10,148 adult participants in the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were analyzed. The simple mediation effect models with covariates were utilized to assess the association among PA and blood pressure or serum lipids, and BF% was played as a mediator. The serial multiple-mediator models with covariates were constructed to the further analysis of the relationship between PA and blood pressure, and BF% was the mediator 1 and blood lipids were the mediator 2. Based on the above hypothesis, the moderated mediation models with covariates were used to analyze the association among PA, BF%, and blood pressure; in addition, BF% was used as the mediator and blood lipids played as the moderator. In the simple mediation models, the model with a dependent variable was high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); BF% was played as the partly mediation effect and the proportion of contribution was 0.23 and 0.25, respectively. In the serial multiple-mediator models, blood lipids, as the second mediator, played the mediation effect; however, the effect was smaller than the BF%. In the moderated mediation model, blood lipids had the moderation effect as the moderator variable. HDL-C played a moderating role in the latter pathway of the "PA→BF%→SBP/DBP" mediation model, and LDL-C/TC played a moderating role in the direct effect of the "PA→BF%→DBP". In conclusion, BF% played a mediating role in the relationship between PA and blood pressure. HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC were more likely to act as moderating variables in the mediation model "PA→BF%→SBP/DBP". PA could directly and indirectly benefit to control the CVD risk factors simultaneously.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; East Asian People; Exercise; Lipids; Nutrition Surveys; Triglycerides; Adiposity
PubMed: 37513531
DOI: 10.3390/nu15143113 -
Nutrients Jun 2024The purpose of our systematic review was to examine the effects of any physical activity/exercise intervention combined with any diet/nutrition intervention on any... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The purpose of our systematic review was to examine the effects of any physical activity/exercise intervention combined with any diet/nutrition intervention on any biological/biochemical index, quality of life (QoL), and depression in breast, lung, colon and rectum, prostate, stomach, and liver cancer patients and/or cancer survivors.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken, using PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook. The systematic review protocol can be found in the PROSPERO database; registration number: CRD42023481429.
RESULTS
We found moderate-quality evidence that a combined intervention of physical activity/exercise and nutrition/diet reduced body mass index, body weight, fat mass, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and depression, while it increased high-density lipoprotein, the physical component of QoL, and general functional assessment of cancer therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that a combined intervention of physical activity/exercise and diet/nutrition may decrease body weight, fat mass, insulin levels, and inflammation, and improve lipidemic profile, the physical component of QoL, and depression in cancer patients and survivors. These outcomes indicate a lower risk for carcinogenesis; however, their applicability depends on the heterogeneity of the population and interventions, as well as the potential medical treatment of cancer patients and survivors.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Exercise; Quality of Life; Cancer Survivors; Diet; Depression; Male; Body Mass Index; Female
PubMed: 38892682
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111749 -
Health Education & Behavior : the... Oct 2023Monitoring food intake and physical activity (PA) using tracking applications may support behavior change. However, few longitudinal studies identify the characteristics...
BACKGROUND
Monitoring food intake and physical activity (PA) using tracking applications may support behavior change. However, few longitudinal studies identify the characteristics of young adults who track their behavior, findings that could be useful in designing tracking-related interventions. Our objective was to identify predictors of past-year food and PA tracking among young adults.
METHODS
Data were available for 676 young adults participating in the ongoing longitudinal Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study. Potential predictors were measured in 2017-2020 at age 31, and past-year food and PA tracking were measured in 2021-2022 at age 34. Each potential predictor was studied in a separate multivariable logistic regression model controlling for age, sex, and educational attainment.
RESULTS
One third (37%) of participants reported past-year PA tracking; 14% reported past-year food, and 10% reported both. Nine and 11 of 41 potential predictors were associated with food and PA tracking, respectively. Compensatory behaviors after overeating, trying to lose weight, self-report overweight, reporting a wide variety of exercise behaviors, and pressure to lose weight predicted both food and PA tracking.
CONCLUSION
Food and PA tracking are relatively common among young adults. If the associations observed herein between compensatory behavior after overeating and tracking (among other observed associations) are replicated and found to be causal, caution may need to be exercised in making "blanket" recommendations to track food intake and/or PA to all young adults seeking behavior change.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Overweight; Food; Hyperphagia; Exercise; Weight Loss
PubMed: 36942324
DOI: 10.1177/10901981231159679 -
Psychological Reports Aug 2023Different developmental experiences related to deep-rooted beliefs about oneself and others may significantly affect individual social emotional competencies, such as... (Review)
Review
Different developmental experiences related to deep-rooted beliefs about oneself and others may significantly affect individual social emotional competencies, such as the accuracy of facial emotion recognition and detection. This study presents a preliminary examination of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and the accuracy of recognizing facial expressions showing basic emotions, neutral faces, and discrimination between neutral and emotional faces. The sample consisted of 138 psychology students ( = 20.33; = 1.33, 27 of the respondents were male). Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion and neutral faces and JACNeuF (Matsumoto & Ekman, 1988) were used as stimulus material for assessing the facial emotion recognition of seven basic emotions (anger, contempt, disgust, fear, sadness, happiness, and surprise) and neutral faces. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3; Young, 2005) was administered as a measure of EMSs. The findings demonstrate that all schema domains affect the accuracy of recognizing facial expressions showing negative emotions (anger, contempt, disgust, fear, and sadness). The Dependence/Incompetence and Entitlement/Grandiosity schemas were significant predictors for detecting neutral faces and discriminating between faces with and without emotion, while the Abandonment/Instability schema additionally proved significant for recognizing neutral faces. Limitations and suggestions for future elaboration are acknowledged.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Facial Recognition; Emotions; Fear; Anger; Happiness; Facial Expression
PubMed: 35084239
DOI: 10.1177/00332941221075248 -
Journal of Neuroengineering and... Aug 2023Overground exoskeleton gait training (OEGT) after neurological injury is safe, feasible, and may yield positive outcomes. However, no recommendations exist for...
BACKGROUND
Overground exoskeleton gait training (OEGT) after neurological injury is safe, feasible, and may yield positive outcomes. However, no recommendations exist for initiation, progression, or termination of OEGT. This retrospective study highlights the clinical use and decision-making of OEGT within the physical therapy plan of care for patients after neurological injury during inpatient rehabilitation.
METHODS
The records of patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation after stroke, spinal cord injury, or traumatic brain injury who participated in at least one OEGT session were retrospectively reviewed. Session details were analyzed to illustrate progress and included: "up" time, "walk" time, step count, device assistance required for limb swing, and therapist-determined settings. Surveys were completed by therapists responsible for OEGT sessions to illuminate clinical decision-making.
RESULTS
On average, patients demonstrated progressive tolerance for OEGT over successive sessions as shown by increasing time upright and walking, step count, and decreased assistance required by the exoskeleton. Therapists place preference on using OEGT with patients with more functional dependency and assess feedback from the patient and device to determine when to change settings. OEGT is terminated when other gait methods yield higher step repetitions or intensities, or to prepare for discharge.
CONCLUSION
Our descriptive retrospective data suggests that patients after neurological injury may benefit from OEGT during inpatient rehabilitation. As no guidelines exist, therapists' clinical decisions are currently based on a combination of knowledge of motor recovery and experience. Future efforts should aim to develop evidence-based recommendations to facilitate functional recovery after neurological injury by leveraging OEGT.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Exoskeleton Device; Inpatients; Exercise Therapy; Walking; Gait; Spinal Cord Injuries; Stroke Rehabilitation
PubMed: 37542322
DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01220-w